UPSC CDS-2

21. Which one of the following target groups is the beneficiary of ‘Garib

Which one of the following target groups is the beneficiary of ‘Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan’ scheme ?

All rural women
All returning migrants
All below poverty line households
All new migrants to town
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The Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan (GKRA) was a scheme launched by the Indian government in June 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Its primary objective was to provide employment and livelihood opportunities to migrant workers who had returned to their native villages during the nationwide lockdown.
– The scheme focused on creating infrastructure and rural works in 116 districts across six states (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, and Odisha) that received a large number of returning migrants.
– It involved the convergence of 12 different government schemes to provide a range of employment activities.
– The GKRA aimed to empower and provide livelihood opportunities to returnee migrants and rural citizens.
– It was implemented as a 125-day campaign.

22. S had witnessed contour bunding and contour ploughing while visiting o

S had witnessed contour bunding and contour ploughing while visiting one of the States in India. Identify the State from the options given below.

Punjab
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Rajasthan
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Contour bunding and contour ploughing are soil and water conservation techniques primarily employed in hilly or sloping agricultural areas to prevent soil erosion and retain moisture. Himachal Pradesh is a mountainous state where such practices are commonly adopted due to the terrain.
– Contour bunding involves constructing small bunds or embankments along the contours of the land to check the flow of water.
– Contour ploughing involves tilling the land along the contours rather than up and down the slopes, which creates ridges and furrows that help trap water and soil.
– These techniques are most effective on moderate slopes and are part of sustainable agriculture practices in hilly regions.
– States like Punjab and Haryana are predominantly plains, while Rajasthan is largely arid/semi-arid, making contouring practices less widespread compared to a mountainous state like Himachal Pradesh, where water erosion on slopes is a major concern.

23. Inceptisols, Entisols, Vertisols and Mollisols are orders of which one

Inceptisols, Entisols, Vertisols and Mollisols are orders of which one of the following ?

Sugarcane
Soil
Coal
Copper
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The terms Inceptisols, Entisols, Vertisols, and Mollisols are part of the soil classification system known as USDA soil taxonomy. They represent different orders of soil.
– Soil taxonomy is a hierarchical system used to classify soils based on their properties, especially properties that can be observed and measured in the field.
– There are twelve orders in the current USDA soil taxonomy system, including those listed in the question.
– The twelve soil orders are Alfisols, Andisols, Aridisols, Entisols, Gelisols, Histosols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, Spodosols, Ultisols, and Vertisols.
– Each order is further divided into suborders, great groups, subgroups, families, and series.

24. Which one of the following States receives rainfall from both the Arab

Which one of the following States receives rainfall from both the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch of Monsoon ?

Punjab
Maharashtra
Meghalaya
Tamil Nadu
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Punjab receives rainfall from both the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch of Monsoon.
– The Southwest Monsoon current splits into two main branches: the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
– The Bay of Bengal branch moves up the Indo-Gangetic plain, bringing rainfall to states like West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Punjab.
– The Arabian Sea branch, after striking the Western Ghats and moving across central India, also contributes to rainfall in the northern plains, including parts of Punjab, sometimes converging with the Bay of Bengal branch.
Maharashtra receives most of its monsoon rainfall from the Arabian Sea branch. Meghalaya receives very heavy rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch (e.g., Mawsynram and Cherrapunji). Tamil Nadu lies in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats during the Southwest Monsoon and receives most of its rainfall during the Northeast Monsoon season. Punjab is situated in the northern plains where the influence of both monsoon branches is felt.

25. D had recently visited Khardung La, Nubra Valley and several Buddhist

D had recently visited Khardung La, Nubra Valley and several Buddhist monasteries. Which one of the following States / UT had she visited ?

Himachal Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Sikkim
Ladakh
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D had visited Ladakh.
– Khardung La is a high mountain pass in the Ladakh region of India.
– Nubra Valley is a high-altitude cold desert valley located in Ladakh.
– Ladakh is well-known for its rich Buddhist culture and numerous monasteries such as Hemis, Thiksey, Spituk, Lamayuru, etc., which are popular tourist destinations.
While Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Sikkim also have mountain passes, valleys, and Buddhist monasteries, Khardung La and Nubra Valley are specifically famous landmarks located in Ladakh. Ladakh was constituted as a Union Territory separate from Jammu and Kashmir in 2019.

26. Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to Time

Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to Time Zone in India ?

  • 1. There is one standard time for the whole country.
  • 2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands have different Time Zones.
  • 3. Indian Standard Time (IST) is five and half hours behind GMT.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
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Only statement 1 is correct with respect to Time Zone in India.
– Statement 1: There is one standard time for the whole country. This is correct. India observes Indian Standard Time (IST) throughout its territory.
– Statement 2: Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands have different Time Zones. This is incorrect. All Indian islands, including Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep, follow IST.
– Statement 3: Indian Standard Time (IST) is five and half hours behind GMT. This is incorrect. IST is five and half hours *ahead* of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). IST is UTC+5:30.
India’s longitudinal extent suggests the possibility of two or more time zones, but for practical and administrative reasons, the country follows a single time zone. The 82°30′ East longitude passing near Prayagraj (Allahabad) is taken as the standard meridian for India.

27. The call for ‘renunciation of (all) voluntary associations with the (B

The call for ‘renunciation of (all) voluntary associations with the (British) Government’ was given during

Non-Cooperation Movement
Civil Disobedience Movement
Quit India Movement
Protest against partition of Bengal
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The call for ‘renunciation of (all) voluntary associations with the (British) Government’ was given during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
– The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was launched by Mahatma Gandhi following events like the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Rowlatt Act.
– A key objective of this movement was to withdraw Indian cooperation from the British government as a form of peaceful protest against their rule.
– The program included the surrender of titles and honorary offices, resignation from nominated posts in local bodies, boycott of government and government-aided schools and colleges, boycott of law courts, boycott of foreign goods, and renunciation of government services and participation in elections.
The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934) involved breaking specific laws, such as the Salt Law. The Quit India Movement (1942) was a call for immediate British withdrawal from India. The protest against the partition of Bengal (1905) involved Swadeshi and Boycott movements, but the comprehensive call for renouncing all voluntary associations was characteristic of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

28. Swami Dayanand Saraswati took inspiration from

Swami Dayanand Saraswati took inspiration from

Puranas
Vedas
Medieval saints
Sufism
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Swami Dayanand Saraswati took inspiration primarily from the Vedas.
– Swami Dayanand Saraswati (1824-1883) was a prominent Hindu religious and social reformer and the founder of the Arya Samaj.
– He famously gave the slogan “Go back to the Vedas” (Vedo ki or Laut Chalo).
– He considered the Vedas to be the infallible source of all true knowledge and rejected the authority of later scriptures, including the Puranas, which he believed had corrupted the original teachings.
Dayanand Saraswati advocated for a purified form of Hinduism based on the Vedas, opposing idolatry, caste system based on birth, child marriage, and promoting widow remarriage and education for women. He was a strong advocate of social reform rooted in his interpretation of Vedic principles.

29. Which one of the following is not a political method of the moderates

Which one of the following is not a political method of the moderates in the National Movement ?

Overthrow of alien rule
Constitutional agitation
Slow, orderly political progress
Mobilisation of public opinion
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Overthrow of alien rule was not a political method of the moderates in the National Movement.
– The Moderates (circa 1885-1905) believed in achieving political progress through constitutional means, petitions, prayers, and protests within the legal framework provided by the British government.
– Their methods included holding meetings, sending petitions and memoranda to the British Parliament and government officials, and using the press to educate and mobilize public opinion.
– They sought reforms within the existing political structure and aimed for self-government gradually achieved within the British Empire, not its complete overthrow.
The idea of the complete ‘overthrow of alien rule’ became more prominent with the rise of the Extremists (like Lal, Bal, Pal) who advocated for Swaraj as complete independence and used more assertive methods like boycott and passive resistance, and revolutionary nationalists who aimed for violent overthrow.

30. The biography of Shaikh Muinuddin Chishti, authored by Jahanara, is kn

The biography of Shaikh Muinuddin Chishti, authored by Jahanara, is known as

Munis al Arwah
Fawaid ul Fuwad
Sirat ul Auliya
Muraqqa-e Dehli
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The biography of Shaikh Muinuddin Chishti, authored by Jahanara, is known as Munis al Arwah.
– Jahanara Begum (1614-1681) was a Mughal princess, the eldest daughter of Emperor Shah Jahan and Empress Mumtaz Mahal.
– She was a devoted follower of Sufism and a disciple of Mian Mir, a famous Sufi saint of the Qadiri order.
– Jahanara authored two biographical works on Sufi saints: one on her own spiritual journey and that of her Pir Mian Mir, titled Risala-i Sahibiya, and another on the Chishti saints, titled Munis al Arwah.
Fawaid ul Fuwad is a collection of the conversations (malfuzat) of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, compiled by his disciple Amir Hasan Sijzi. Sirat ul Auliya is a biography of Sufi saints, including Nizamuddin Auliya, compiled by Muhammad Mubarak Kirmani, also known as Amir Khurd. Muraqqa-e Dehli is an album depicting Delhi life and monuments from the early 18th century, compiled by Fakhr-ud-Din Khan.
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