UPSC CDS-2

1. Which one among the following is not a tributary of river Luni?

Which one among the following is not a tributary of river Luni?

[amp_mcq option1=”Khari” option2=”Sukri” option3=”Jawai” option4=”Banas” correct=”option4″]

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2018
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The correct answer is Banas.
The Banas River is a major river in Rajasthan that flows into the Chambal River (a tributary of the Yamuna). Rivers like Khari, Sukri, Jawai, Bandi, Guhiya, and Mithri are tributaries of the Luni River in Rajasthan, which flows into the Rann of Kutch.
The Luni River is the largest river in the Thar Desert region of Rajasthan. It is a unique river as it originates in the Aravalli Range near Ajmer and flows southwest into the Rann of Kutch, an inland drainage basin, without reaching the sea.

2. The headquarters of Metro Railway Zone is located in

The headquarters of Metro Railway Zone is located in

[amp_mcq option1=”New Delhi” option2=”Mumbai” option3=”Kolkata” option4=”Chennai” correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is Kolkata.
The Metro Railway Zone is one of the zones of Indian Railways, specifically designated for the Kolkata Metro system. Its administrative headquarters are located in Kolkata.
The Kolkata Metro is India’s first planned and operational rapid transit system. While most railway zones cover vast geographical areas across multiple states, the Metro Railway Zone is unique as it is confined to a single city’s metro network.

3. Khasi language is included in

Khasi language is included in

[amp_mcq option1=”Munda branch of Austro-Asiatic sub-family” option2=”Mon-Khmer branch of Austro-Asiatic sub-family” option3=”North Assam branch of Sino-Tibetan family” option4=”Assam-Myanmar branch of Sino-Tibetan family” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is B) Mon-Khmer branch of Austro-Asiatic sub-family.
The Khasi language is an indigenous language spoken by the Khasi people in the state of Meghalaya in India, as well as by a smaller population in neighbouring Bangladesh. Linguistically, Khasi belongs to the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family. The Austro-Asiatic family is dispersed across Southeast Asia and parts of India.
Other branches of the Austro-Asiatic family include the Munda languages, spoken primarily in central and eastern India (e.g., Santali, Mundari, Ho), and various languages spoken in Southeast Asia (e.g., Khmer, Vietnamese, Mon). The Sino-Tibetan language family, on the other hand, includes languages like Tibetan, Burmese, and many languages spoken in Northeast India such as Bodo, Manipuri (Meitei), and various tribal languages.

4. Which one of the following is a west-flowing river?

Which one of the following is a west-flowing river?

[amp_mcq option1=”Mahanadi” option2=”Godavari” option3=”Krishna” option4=”Narmada” correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is D) Narmada.
Peninsular rivers in India can be broadly classified into east-flowing and west-flowing rivers. Most major peninsular rivers flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These include Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery. The Narmada river, however, is one of the major west-flowing rivers of the peninsula. It originates in the Amarkantak plateau in Madhya Pradesh and flows westwards through a rift valley before draining into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat.
Other significant west-flowing rivers of peninsular India include the Tapti (or Tapi) and the Mahi, which also flow through rift valleys. The short, swift-flowing rivers along the western slopes of the Western Ghats are also west-flowing, but the Narmada and Tapti are the most prominent among the longer ones.

5. Which one of the following was not a part of the strategies followed b

Which one of the following was not a part of the strategies followed by the Government of India to increase food grain production in India immediately after Independence?

[amp_mcq option1=”Intensification of cropping over already cultivated land and fallow land” option2=”Increasing cultivable area by bringing cultivable area under plough” option3=”Using high-yielding varieties (HYV) seeds” option4=”Switching over from cash crops to food crops” correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is C) Using high-yielding varieties (HYV) seeds.
Immediately after India gained independence in 1947, the focus of agricultural policy was primarily on increasing food production through methods available at the time, such as expanding the cultivated area (by bringing fallow land and culturable wasteland under plough), promoting intensification of cropping on existing land, and encouraging a shift from cash crops to food crops to address immediate food shortages. The extensive use of High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, along with chemical fertilizers and assured irrigation, was the cornerstone of the Green Revolution, which was initiated in the mid-1960s, particularly from 1965-66 onwards. Thus, HYV seeds were not a strategy employed “immediately after Independence.”
Early agricultural strategies included measures like irrigation projects, land reforms, and community development programs aimed at improving agricultural practices and infrastructure. The Green Revolution marked a technological breakthrough that significantly boosted food grain production, especially wheat and rice, but it occurred roughly two decades after Independence.

6. Which of the following statements with regard to the land-use situatio

Which of the following statements with regard to the land-use situation in India is/are correct?

  • 1. There has been a tremendous decline in area under forest in recent years.
  • 2. The rate of increase in land use in recent years is the highest in case of area under non-agricultural use.
  • 3. Land use such as barren and wasteland, area under pastures and tree crops have experienced decline in recent years.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1 and 2 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is C) 2 and 3 only.
Statement 1 is incorrect because official reports like the Forest Survey of India have generally shown an increase or stabilization in India’s forest and tree cover in recent decades, rather than a “tremendous decline.” Statement 2 is correct; with increasing urbanization, industrialization, and infrastructure development, the area under non-agricultural uses (such as buildings, roads, factories) has been expanding significantly. Statement 3 is generally correct as trends in land use data show declines in area under categories like pastures and miscellaneous tree crops/groves over the years, partly due to encroachment, conversion to other uses, or changes in reporting. Barren and unculturable wasteland area has also seen a decline due to reclamation efforts.
Land-use statistics in India are compiled by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Major land-use categories include forests, area under non-agricultural use, barren and unculturable land, permanent pastures and other grazing lands, area under tree crops and groves (not included in Net Sown Area), culturable wasteland, fallow lands, and net sown area. Analyzing long-term trends reveals shifts between these categories driven by population growth, economic development, policies, and environmental factors.

7. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

List-I List-II
(Classification of Town) (Example)
A. Industrial Town 1. Vishakhapatnam
B. Transport Town 2. Bhilai
C. Mining Town 3. Singrauli
D. Garrison Cantonment Town 4. Ambala

Code :

[amp_mcq option1=”A-2 B-1 C-3 D-4″ option2=”A-2 B-3 C-1 D-4″ option3=”A-4 B-3 C-1 D-2″ option4=”A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2″ correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is A) A-2 B-1 C-3 D-4.
Matching the towns to their primary classification:
A. Industrial Town: Bhilai is famous for the Bhilai Steel Plant, making it a prominent industrial town. (A-2)
B. Transport Town: Vishakhapatnam is a major port city on the east coast, serving as a significant hub for sea transport and trade. (B-1)
C. Mining Town: Singrauli is a major coalfield area and known as the energy capital of India due to numerous coal mines and power plants, classifying it as a mining town. (C-3)
D. Garrison Cantonment Town: Ambala is a well-known cantonment town in Haryana, with a significant presence of the Indian Army and Air Force. (D-4)
Cities can often have multiple functions, but this classification is based on the dominant economic or functional characteristic of the town. Other examples include pilgrimage towns (Varanasi, Puri), educational towns (Pilani, Aligarh), administrative towns (Chandigarh, Gandhinagar), etc.

8. The Eight Degree Channel separates which of the following?

The Eight Degree Channel separates which of the following?

[amp_mcq option1=”India from Sri Lanka” option2=”Lakshadweep from Maldives” option3=”Andaman from Nicobar Islands” option4=”Indira Point from Indonesia” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is B) Lakshadweep from Maldives.
The Eight Degree Channel is a channel separating the island of Minicoy in the Lakshadweep archipelago of India from the main group of islands that constitute the Maldives. It is named because it lies on the 8-degree line of latitude North of the Equator.
The Nine Degree Channel separates the island of Minicoy from the rest of the Lakshadweep islands (such as Kalpeni and Suheli Par). The Ten Degree Channel separates the Andaman Islands from the Nicobar Islands. India is separated from Sri Lanka by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar. Indira Point is the southernmost point of India’s territory (Great Nicobar Island), located north of Indonesia (Sumatra).

9. South Arcot and Ramanathapuram receive over 50 percent of their annual

South Arcot and Ramanathapuram receive over 50 percent of their annual rainfall from which one of the following?

[amp_mcq option1=”South-west monsoon” option2=”North-east monsoon” option3=”Bay of Bengal branch of summer monsoon” option4=”Western disturbances” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is B) North-east monsoon.
South Arcot (now Viluppuram and Cuddalore districts) and Ramanathapuram are districts in Tamil Nadu, located on the southeast coast of India (Coromandel Coast). This region receives the bulk of its annual rainfall, often over 50 percent, during the North-East monsoon season, which typically runs from October to December. During this period, the retreating monsoon winds, after crossing the Bay of Bengal, pick up moisture and bring rainfall to the eastern coast of South India.
During the South-West monsoon season (June-September), the Coromandel Coast lies in the rain shadow region of the Western Ghats, receiving comparatively less rainfall. Western Disturbances primarily affect the northern parts of India during the winter months, bringing rainfall or snowfall. The Bay of Bengal branch of the summer monsoon (South-West monsoon) brings rain to eastern and northeastern India and also contributes to rainfall in parts of the peninsula, but the majority of rainfall for the southeastern coast comes from the North-East monsoon.

10. Which one of the following places does not fall on leeward slope?

Which one of the following places does not fall on leeward slope?

[amp_mcq option1=”Pune” option2=”Bengaluru” option3=”Leh” option4=”Mangaluru” correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is D) Mangaluru.
A leeward slope is the side of a mountain or range that is sheltered from the prevailing wind, typically resulting in lower rainfall due to the rain shadow effect. Pune and Bengaluru are located on the Deccan Plateau, east of the Western Ghats, and lie in the rain shadow region relative to the moisture-laden South-West monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea. Leh is in the Himalayas, located in a rain shadow, making it a cold desert. Mangaluru, however, is a coastal city on the west coast of Karnataka, situated on the windward side of the Western Ghats during the South-West monsoon season, receiving very heavy rainfall. Therefore, it does not fall on a leeward slope in this context.
The windward side of a mountain range receives significantly more precipitation as the moist air is forced upwards, cools, and condenses. The leeward side receives much less precipitation as the air descends, warms, and becomes drier. This phenomenon is known as the orographic effect or rain shadow effect.
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