UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

41. Consider the following statements related to ‘Sovereign Green Bonds’:

Consider the following statements related to ‘Sovereign Green Bonds’:

  • 1. Union Budget 2021-22 announced the issue of these bonds
  • 2. The Government of India has approved a Sovereign Green Bonds Framework
  • 3. These bonds are meant to be issued for mobilizing resources for green projects
  • 4. These bonds are financial instruments that generate proceeds for investment in environmentally sustainable and climate suitable projects

How many of the above statements are correct?

1
2
3
4
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Three of the statements regarding Sovereign Green Bonds are correct.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The issue of Sovereign Green Bonds by the Government of India was announced in the Union Budget 2022-23, not 2021-22.
Statement 2 is correct: The Government of India approved a Sovereign Green Bonds Framework in late 2022 to guide the issuance of these bonds.
Statement 3 is correct: The purpose of issuing Sovereign Green Bonds is to mobilize resources specifically for public sector projects that help in reducing carbon intensity.
Statement 4 is correct: Sovereign Green Bonds are defined as financial instruments used to generate proceeds for investment in environmentally sustainable and climate-suitable projects. This is consistent with the purpose mentioned in statement 3.
The Sovereign Green Bond Framework was approved in November 2022, detailing the eligible green projects (e.g., renewable energy, energy efficiency, clean transportation, climate change adaptation, sustainable water/waste management) and outlining the process for selection, management of proceeds, and reporting. The first tranche of Sovereign Green Bonds was issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the government in January 2023.

42. UNDP’s ‘Gender Social Norms Index’ comprises four dimensions. Which of

UNDP’s ‘Gender Social Norms Index’ comprises four dimensions. Which of the following is not a dimension?

Political
Educational
Cultural
Physical
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The Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI) comprises four dimensions: Political, Educational, Economic, and Physical (Integrity). ‘Cultural’ is not listed as one of these four specific dimensions.
The UNDP’s Gender Social Norms Index measures biases against gender equality. It assesses people’s beliefs about the roles of women across specific domains of life. The four dimensions used for this measurement are Political, Educational, Economic, and Physical Integrity.
The GSNI is based on survey data covering specific questions within each dimension. For example, the Political dimension measures beliefs about whether men make better political leaders than women. The Educational dimension looks at beliefs about university being more important for men than women. The Economic dimension covers beliefs about men being better business executives or having more right to a job when jobs are scarce. The Physical Integrity dimension addresses beliefs about violence against women or women having the right to make decisions about their own body. While cultural norms are the underlying subject of the index, ‘Cultural’ itself is not one of the four dimensions used to categorize these norms.

43. Which of the following statements is *not* correct as per the Climate

Which of the following statements is *not* correct as per the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI)-2023 ?

India has jumped 2 spots higher in CCPI-2023.
India is placed at the 8th rank in CCPI-2023.
India is amongst the top 5 best performing countries in the world on climate change.
India is placed lower in rank in this index than Norway and United Kingdom.
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The incorrect statement as per the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI)-2023 is D) India is placed lower in rank in this index than Norway and United Kingdom.
In the CCPI 2023, India was ranked 8th. The UK was ranked 11th, and Norway was ranked 16th. A lower rank number indicates better performance. Therefore, India (rank 8) is placed *higher* in rank (performing better) than the United Kingdom (rank 11) and Norway (rank 16). Statement D is the inverse of the reality.
Statement A is correct: India jumped 2 spots from its 10th rank in CCPI 2022 to 8th rank in CCPI 2023. Statement B is correct: India is indeed placed at the 8th rank. Statement C is correct: The CCPI report leaves the first three ranks empty, considering no country is performing well enough across all categories. Ranks 4-15 are categorized as “High” performance. India, at rank 8, is well within this “High” performance category and is among the top countries ranked (specifically among the top 5 countries that *actually occupy a rank* from 4 onwards: Denmark (4), Sweden (5), Chile (6), Morocco (7), India (8)).

44. Trees Outside Forests in India (TOFI) programme is a five-year joint i

Trees Outside Forests in India (TOFI) programme is a five-year joint initiative by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. Which are the seven participating states of India in this programme ?

Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and West Bengal
Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu, Odisha
Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh
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The seven participating states of India in the Trees Outside Forests in India (TOFI) programme are Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, and West Bengal. This matches option B.
The TOFI program is a joint initiative by USAID and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, aimed at increasing tree cover outside traditional forest areas to enhance carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and livelihoods. It is being implemented in specific states.
The TOFI program focuses on states with low tree cover outside recorded forest areas and high potential for expansion. The identified states are Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, and West Bengal. The program aims to leverage private sector investment and develop resilient tree-based enterprises.

45. Who among the following is considered as the ‘Father of Vitamin therap

Who among the following is considered as the ‘Father of Vitamin therapy’ ?

Christiaan Eijkman
Frederick Hopkins
Casimir Funk
Robert Woodward
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Casimir Funk is considered the ‘Father of Vitamin therapy’.
Casimir Funk was a Polish biochemist who is credited with formulating the concept of vitamins. In 1912, he isolated a substance from rice husks that could cure beriberi and coined the term “vitamine” (later changed to vitamin), believing them to be vital amines essential for health and preventing deficiency diseases. His work strongly advocated for the therapeutic use of these substances, leading to him being regarded as the ‘Father of Vitamin therapy’.
Christiaan Eijkman’s work on the link between diet and beriberi was crucial in identifying vitamin deficiency, earning him a Nobel Prize, which he shared with Frederick Hopkins, who also worked on ‘accessory food factors’. While their contributions were foundational to the discovery of vitamins, Funk is more directly associated with the term “vitamin” and the therapeutic application of these substances to treat deficiency diseases, giving him the title ‘Father of Vitamin Therapy’. Robert Woodward was a Nobel laureate known for synthesizing many complex organic molecules, including vitamins, but he was not involved in their initial discovery or the development of vitamin therapy concepts in the early 20th century.

46. Which one among the following sectors in India consumes the maximum am

Which one among the following sectors in India consumes the maximum amount of groundwater ?

Industry
Agriculture
Household
Mining
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In India, the sector that consumes the maximum amount of groundwater is Agriculture.
Agriculture in India relies heavily on irrigation, and a significant portion of this irrigation water is sourced from groundwater. Estimates indicate that agricultural use accounts for around 80-90% of the total groundwater withdrawal in the country.
While Industry and Household sectors also consume groundwater, their consumption levels are substantially lower compared to the demand for irrigation in agriculture across the vast cultivated areas of India. Mining also uses water, but its groundwater consumption footprint is generally much smaller than the other three sectors on a national scale. The heavy reliance on groundwater for irrigation is a major concern regarding groundwater depletion in India.

47. The temperature of a body decreases from 240 K to 210 K. The correspon

The temperature of a body decreases from 240 K to 210 K. The corresponding change (without sign) in the temperature in degree Fahrenheit is close to :

54° F
30° F
17° F
44° F
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The temperature change from 240 K to 210 K is 30 K. The corresponding change in degree Fahrenheit is 54°F, which is option A.
A change in temperature on the Kelvin scale is equal to the same change in temperature on the Celsius scale (ΔT_K = ΔT_C). The relationship between a change in Celsius and a change in Fahrenheit is ΔT_F = (9/5) * ΔT_C.
Given the initial temperature T1 = 240 K and final temperature T2 = 210 K, the change in Kelvin is ΔT_K = T2 – T1 = 210 K – 240 K = -30 K. The question asks for the change *without sign*, so the magnitude of the change is 30 K. Since ΔT_K = ΔT_C, the change in Celsius is ΔT_C = 30°C. The corresponding change in Fahrenheit is ΔT_F = (9/5) * ΔT_C = (9/5) * 30 = 9 * 6 = 54°F.

48. According to the Big Bang theory of the origin of the Universe, the ag

According to the Big Bang theory of the origin of the Universe, the age of the Universe is estimated at about :

0-3 million years
4 - 6 billion years
7 - 10 billion years
13 - 18 billion years
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According to the Big Bang theory, the age of the Universe is estimated at about 13 – 18 billion years, which corresponds to option D.
The standard cosmological model, which is based on the Big Bang theory, estimates the age of the Universe by observing the expansion rate (using the Hubble constant) and the composition of the Universe (from Cosmic Microwave Background data, e.g., from Planck or WMAP satellites). Current estimates based on these observations place the age of the Universe at approximately 13.8 billion years.
Early estimates varied, but increasingly precise measurements over the past couple of decades have converged on a value close to 13.8 billion years. Options A, B, and C represent ages that are significantly younger than the currently accepted scientific estimate for the age of the Universe.

49. Which one of the following represents the correct order for the wavele

Which one of the following represents the correct order for the wavelengths of different waves ?

”Used
”Used
”Microwaves
”Used
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The correct order for the wavelengths of different waves is Used for AM radio > Used for FM radio > Microwaves > Infrared > Visible light. This corresponds to option B.
Electromagnetic waves are ordered by their wavelength (or equivalently, frequency). Longer wavelengths correspond to lower frequencies, and shorter wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies. The order of these waves from longest wavelength to shortest is: Radio waves (including AM and FM) > Microwaves > Infrared radiation > Visible light > Ultraviolet radiation > X-rays > Gamma rays. Within the radio wave spectrum, AM radio waves typically have longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than FM radio waves.
The approximate wavelength ranges are:
– AM Radio: Hundreds to thousands of meters
– FM Radio: A few meters
– Microwaves: Centimeters to decimeters (e.g., 1 cm to 1 meter)
– Infrared: Micrometers to millimeters (e.g., 700 nm to 1 mm)
– Visible Light: Nanometers (e.g., 400 nm – 700 nm)
Based on these ranges, the correct order from longest to shortest wavelength is AM Radio > FM Radio > Microwaves > Infrared > Visible Light.

50. Which one of the following substances is not used as a lubricant in he

Which one of the following substances is not used as a lubricant in heavy industries ?

Graphene
Talc
Glass
Sand
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The correct answer is D) Sand.
Graphene and Talc are well-known solid lubricants used in various industrial applications to reduce friction and wear. While glass is generally not used as a lubricant, specialized applications exist where molten glass acts as a lubricant in high-temperature processes like hot metal extrusion. Sand, primarily composed of silica, is hard and abrasive, and its properties make it suitable for uses like abrasive blasting or as a proppant in fracking, but it is fundamentally an abrasive material, not a lubricant. Therefore, Sand is the substance among the options that is not used as a lubricant in heavy industries.
Common lubricants in heavy industries include oils, greases, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, PTFE (Teflon), and sometimes talc or mica powder as solid lubricants. Graphene is a relatively new but highly effective lubricant due to its low shear strength between layers. Glass is sometimes used in very high-temperature metalworking processes where conventional lubricants would break down, acting as a ‘molten glass lubricant’, but this is a specific application unlike the general use of lubricants. Sand, being crystalline and hard, increases friction and causes wear, making it unsuitable as a lubricant.
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