UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

1. Chips bags contain which gas ?

Chips bags contain which gas ?

Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
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Chips bags are filled with nitrogen gas. Nitrogen is an inert gas that helps prevent oxidation of the chips, which causes them to become stale and rancid. It also provides cushioning, protecting the fragile chips from breaking during transport and handling.
Nitrogen gas is inert, meaning it does not react readily with the food.
Oxygen would react with the fats in the chips, causing rancidity.
The gas also helps maintain the structural integrity of the chips.
This process of flushing food packaging with an inert gas is called Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and is commonly used for various food products to extend shelf life.

2. Conversion of limestone to quick lime is an example of

Conversion of limestone to quick lime is an example of

decomposition reaction.
substitution reaction.
combination reaction.
double decomposition reaction.
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Limestone is primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Quick lime is calcium oxide (CaO). The conversion of limestone to quick lime involves heating calcium carbonate to a high temperature, which causes it to break down into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas: CaCO₃ (s) → CaO (s) + CO₂ (g). This reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances is called a decomposition reaction.
Decomposition reaction: A single reactant breaks down into simpler products.
Combination reaction: Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
Substitution reaction: An atom or group is replaced by another atom or group.
Double decomposition reaction: Two compounds exchange ions or groups to form two new compounds.
This process, the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate, is known as calcination or lime burning and is carried out in a kiln.

3. pH of blood is

pH of blood is

7·0
6·5
7·15
7·40
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The pH of healthy human blood is maintained within a narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. This slightly alkaline range is crucial for proper metabolic function. Option D, 7.40, falls within this normal range and is often cited as an average value.
pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
A pH of 7 is neutral. Below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline (basic).
Maintaining blood pH homeostasis is vital for physiological processes.
Deviations from the normal blood pH range can lead to serious health conditions such as acidosis (pH below 7.35) or alkalosis (pH above 7.45). The body has buffer systems to help maintain this narrow pH range.

4. Who among the following is known as the Father of Nuclear Physics ?

Who among the following is known as the Father of Nuclear Physics ?

E. Rutherford
J.J. Thomson
Niels Bohr
James Chadwick
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Ernest Rutherford (E. Rutherford) is widely regarded as the “Father of Nuclear Physics”. His experiments, particularly the gold foil experiment, led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus and the idea that the atom is mostly empty space. He also coined the terms “alpha” and “beta” rays, discovered the proton, and performed the first artificial nuclear transmutation.
Rutherford’s work revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure and radioactivity.
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron.
Niels Bohr developed an early model of the atom based on quantum mechanics.
James Chadwick discovered the neutron.
Rutherford received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances.

5. Sodium chlorate is used in

Sodium chlorate is used in

textile printing and dyeing.
match industry.
antiseptics.
disinfectants.
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Sodium chlorate (NaClO₃) is a strong oxidizing agent. It is widely used in the textile industry as an oxidizing agent for dyeing and printing processes. It is also used in the production of chlorine dioxide, a bleaching agent.
Sodium chlorate is a chemical compound with the formula NaClO₃.
Its primary uses leverage its strong oxidizing properties.
Sodium chlorate is also used as a weedkiller, defoliant, and in some fireworks and explosives formulations, although potassium chlorate is more common in pyrotechnics.

6. Which one among the following is a non-luminous object ?

Which one among the following is a non-luminous object ?

Sun
Candle
LED bulb
Moon
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A non-luminous object is an object that does not produce its own light. It is visible because it reflects light from a luminous source. The Moon does not produce its own light; it reflects sunlight.
Luminous objects emit light (e.g., Sun, candle flame, light bulb).
Non-luminous objects reflect light (e.g., Moon, planets, furniture, books).
The apparent brightness of non-luminous objects depends on the intensity of the incident light and their reflective properties.

7. Light waves are

Light waves are

progressive in nature.
mechanical in nature.
longitudinal in nature.
transverse in nature.
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Light waves are electromagnetic waves, which means they are fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves, including light, are characterized by their transverse nature, where the oscillations of the fields are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
Transverse waves have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer (propagation).
Longitudinal waves have oscillations parallel to the direction of energy transfer (propagation), like sound waves in air.
Light is non-mechanical; it does not require a medium to travel.
The electromagnetic spectrum includes various types of waves like radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays, all of which are transverse electromagnetic waves.

8. An electric generator primarily converts

An electric generator primarily converts

electrical energy to heat energy.
electrical energy to sound energy.
electrical energy to mechanical energy.
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
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An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field induces an electric current.
Generators transform mechanical work (like rotation) into electrical output.
Electric motors perform the opposite function, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Examples of mechanical energy sources for generators include turbines driven by steam, water, wind, or internal combustion engines. The induced voltage and current can then be used to power electrical devices.

9. The equipment used to measure the electrical current in a closed circu

The equipment used to measure the electrical current in a closed circuit is

Galvanometer.
Ammeter.
Voltmeter.
Compass needle.
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An ammeter is the standard instrument used to measure the electric current flowing through a circuit. It is connected in series with the component through which the current is to be measured.
– An ammeter measures electric current.
– It must be connected in series in a circuit.
– A voltmeter measures voltage (potential difference).
– A galvanometer detects small currents and their direction.
Ammeter is derived from “ampere meter,” as current is measured in amperes (A). Ideal ammeters have very low internal resistance so as not to significantly affect the current they are measuring. Galvanometers can be used as components to build ammeters and voltmeters with appropriate shunts or series resistances.

10. A 100 W electric bulb is used for 8 hrs/day. What would be the units o

A 100 W electric bulb is used for 8 hrs/day. What would be the units of energy consumed in the month of April ?

24 units
16 units
8 units
0·8 units
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To calculate the energy consumed, we use the formula: Energy = Power × Time.
Power = 100 W = 0.1 kW (kilowatt).
The bulb is used for 8 hours per day.
The month of April has 30 days.
Total usage time in April = 8 hours/day × 30 days = 240 hours.
Energy consumed in kWh = Power (kW) × Total time (hours) = 0.1 kW × 240 hours = 24 kWh.
One unit of electrical energy is equivalent to 1 kWh.
Therefore, the energy consumed is 24 units.
– Convert power from Watts to Kilowatts (1 kW = 1000 W).
– Calculate the total usage time in hours for the month.
– Use the formula: Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) × Time (hours).
– 1 unit of energy = 1 kWh.
Electrical energy consumption is typically measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) by electricity meters. This unit is often referred to as a “unit” in common parlance for billing purposes.
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