UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

21. Krishnadevaraya’s capital city Vijayanagara was situated on the banks

Krishnadevaraya’s capital city Vijayanagara was situated on the banks of

Tungabhadra.
Krishna.
Godavari.
Mahanadi.
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The capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire, founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, was located on the southern bank of the Tungabhadra River.
– The ruins of the city are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site known as Hampi, situated in present-day Karnataka.
– The Tungabhadra River provided water resources and also formed a natural defense for the city.
The Vijayanagara Empire ruled much of South India from the 14th to the 17th centuries. Krishnadevaraya (reigned 1509–1529) was the most famous ruler of the empire, known for his administrative skills, military campaigns, and patronage of art and literature. The Krishna, Godavari, and Mahanadi rivers flow further north and east of the Vijayanagara region.

22. Early Bhakti Saints, Alvars in South India were immersed in the devoti

Early Bhakti Saints, Alvars in South India were immersed in the devotion of

Ram.
Krishna.
Shiva.
Vishnu.
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The Alvars were a group of 12 Tamil poet-saints of South India who were proponents of Vaishnavism, deeply devoted to Vishnu and his avatars.
– Their devotional poems, compiled as the Divya Prabandha, are central texts of Tamil Vaishnavism.
– Their devotion encompassed various forms and avatars of Vishnu, including Rama and Krishna.
The Nayanars were their Shaivite counterparts, devoted to Shiva. The Alvars and Nayanars played a significant role in the early Bhakti movement in South India between the 6th and 9th centuries AD. While they sang praises of Rama and Krishna, these are considered incarnations of the supreme deity Vishnu in Vaishnavism.

23. Narayan Pandit’s Hitopadesha is considered to be another version of

Narayan Pandit’s Hitopadesha is considered to be another version of

Panchatantra.
Lilavati.
Brihatsamhita.
Panchasiddhantika.
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Narayan Pandit’s Hitopadesha is a collection of Sanskrit fables that is explicitly stated to be a version or adaptation of the Panchatantra.
– Hitopadesha means “Beneficial Counsel”. It was compiled in the 12th century.
– It draws heavily from the Panchatantra but reorganizes the stories and adds new ones, focusing on niti (wise conduct) and worldly wisdom.
Panchatantra, meaning “Five Treatises”, is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose, believed to have been compiled by Vishnu Sharma. Lilavati is a 12th-century mathematical treatise by Bhaskara II. Brihatsamhita and Panchasiddhantika are works on astronomy by Varahamihira (6th century).

24. Who among the following European travellers was the physician of Princ

Who among the following European travellers was the physician of Prince Dara Shukoh ?

François Bernier
Niccolao Manucci
Jean-Baptiste Tavernier
Jean de Thévenot
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François Bernier was a French physician and traveller who served as the physician to Prince Dara Shukoh, the eldest son of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.
– Bernier was in India from 1658 to 1669.
– His book, ‘Travels in the Mughal Empire’, provides a detailed account of the Mughal court, society, and the war of succession between Shah Jahan’s sons.
Niccolao Manucci was an Italian adventurer who also served at the Mughal court, initially as a physician to Shah Alam (Aurangzeb’s son). Jean-Baptiste Tavernier was a French gem merchant and traveller known for his accounts of India’s trade and wealth. Jean de Thévenot was a French traveller who visited India after Bernier.

25. Which among the following was/were the capital(s) of the Magadha Janap

Which among the following was/were the capital(s) of the Magadha Janapada ?

  • 1. Rajgriha
  • 2. Patliputra
  • 3. Champa
  • 4. Vaishali

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 4
1 and 2
2 and 3
2 only
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Rajgriha (Girivraja) was the early capital of the Magadha Janapada, and later Pataliputra became the capital.
– Rajgriha served as the capital of Magadha during the reigns of Bimbisara and Ajatashatru.
– Pataliputra was established near the confluence of the Ganga and Son rivers and was made the capital by Udayin. It remained a major capital for subsequent empires like the Mauryas.
Champa was the capital of the neighbouring kingdom of Anga, which was conquered by Magadha. Vaishali was the capital of the Vajjian (Lichchavi) confederacy, which was also eventually annexed by Magadha, but it was not a capital of Magadha itself.

26. Which among the following was/were the shell-based production centre(s

Which among the following was/were the shell-based production centre(s) of the Indus Valley Civilization ?

Shortughai
Lothal
Balakot and Nageshwar
Allahdino and Dholavira
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Balakot and Nageshwar were well-known specialized centres for shell working during the Indus Valley Civilization period due to their coastal location.
– Coastal settlements of the Harappan Civilization often specialized in crafts utilizing marine resources like shells.
– Shell objects such as bangles, beads, inlay, and ladles were produced in large quantities at these sites.
Lothal was a major port city and manufacturing centre, including bead making and metallurgy, but Balakot and Nageshwar are particularly renowned for shell-based industries. Shortughai (in Afghanistan) was important for Lapis Lazuli. Dholavira was a major urban centre with diverse crafts, and Allahdino was a coastal settlement with craft production, but Balakot and Nageshwar are most directly identified as primary shell production centres.

27. 50° South Latitude passes through

50° South Latitude passes through

South Africa.
Australia.
Argentina.
Uruguay.
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The 50° South Latitude line passes through the southern part of Argentina.
– 50° South Latitude is located in the Southern Hemisphere.
– This latitude primarily passes through ocean areas (Southern Ocean).
– On land, it crosses the southern tip of South America, specifically Argentina and a small part of Chile.
South Africa is located much further north (mostly between 22°S and 35°S). Australia’s mainland does not extend south of 39°S, though Tasmania is between 40°S and 43°S. Uruguay is located north of 30°S latitude.

28. Which one among the following is the largest land-locked country in te

Which one among the following is the largest land-locked country in terms of geographical area ?

Mongolia
Kazakhstan
Afghanistan
Bolivia
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Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the world by geographical area.
– Landlocked countries are countries that do not have direct access to a sea or ocean.
– Kazakhstan’s area is approximately 2,724,900 square kilometers.
Mongolia is the second largest landlocked country. Afghanistan and Bolivia are also large landlocked countries but are significantly smaller than Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Other large landlocked countries include Chad, Niger, Mali, Ethiopia, Zambia, and Uzbekistan.

29. Neyveli, Singareni, Korba and Singrauli are mines, which produce

Neyveli, Singareni, Korba and Singrauli are mines, which produce

Mica.
Iron ore.
Bauxite.
Coal.
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The correct answer is Coal.
The locations listed are major coal mining areas in India:
– Neyveli (Tamil Nadu): Famous for its large deposits of lignite coal and the associated thermal power plant.
– Singareni (Telangana): The Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) is one of the largest coal mining companies in India, operating mines in Telangana.
– Korba (Chhattisgarh): A major coal-producing region and the location of large thermal power plants.
– Singrauli (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh): Known as the “Energy Capital of India” due to its vast coal reserves and numerous super thermal power stations based on coal.

These locations are not primarily known for large-scale mining of Mica, Iron ore, or Bauxite, although these minerals are mined elsewhere in India.

Coal is a critical energy resource for India, powering a majority of its electricity generation through thermal power plants. India is one of the largest producers and consumers of coal globally. Key coalfields are concentrated in states like Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh, as well as lignite deposits in Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan.

30. Lake Great Bitter is the part of

Lake Great Bitter is the part of

Panama Canal.
Grand Canal.
Suez Canal.
Soo Canal.
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The correct answer is Suez Canal.
The Great Bitter Lake is a large salt lake situated in Egypt and connected by channels to the Suez Canal. The canal passes through the Great Bitter Lake and the Little Bitter Lake, utilizing these natural depressions as part of its route. These lakes significantly reduced the amount of digging required to construct the canal.
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. It provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Great Bitter Lake also serves as a waiting area for ships transiting the canal in convoys.
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