UPSC CISF-AC-EXE Archives

1. Which one of the following statements about the Union Council of Minis

Which one of the following statements about the Union Council of Ministers is not correct?

The Prime Minister is the Head of the Council of Ministers.

The Council of Ministers advises the President in the exercise of his function.

The President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider any advice.

The advice given by the Council of Ministers is subject to judicial scrutiny.

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The correct answer is The advice given by the Council of Ministers is subject to judicial scrutiny.

This statement is incorrect. Article 74(2) of the Constitution of India explicitly states that “the question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into in any court.” This grants confidentiality and immunity from judicial review to the advice given by the Council of Ministers to the President.

Statements A, B, and C are correct regarding the Union Council of Ministers. Article 74(1) states that the Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head shall aid and advise the President. The 44th Amendment Act, 1978, added a proviso to Article 74(1) stating that the President may require the Council of Ministers to reconsider such advice, either generally or otherwise, and the President shall act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration. While the *advice* itself is immune from judicial scrutiny, the *actions* taken by the President based on that advice are not immune and can be subject to judicial review on grounds like illegality or unconstitutionality.

2. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, in November 20

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, in November 2016, has constituted a four-member team for conservation and management of which one of the following lakes?

Dal Lake, Jammu and Kashmir

Damdama Lake, Haryana

Loktak Lake, Manipur

Chilika Lake, Odisha

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The correct answer is Loktak Lake, Manipur.

In November 2016, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change constituted a four-member expert committee specifically for the conservation and management of Loktak Lake in Manipur. Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India and is known for its floating phumdis (heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil, and organic matter).

Loktak Lake is a Ramsar Site (Wetland of International Importance) and is facing significant ecological challenges, including habitat degradation, pollution, and issues related to the phumdis and associated structures. The committee was tasked with suggesting measures for effective conservation and sustainable development of the lake and its surrounding areas.

3. Which of the following statements with regard to the Pradhan Mantri Yu

Which of the following statements with regard to the Pradhan Mantri Yuva Yojana is/are correct?

1. This is a scheme on entrepreneurship education and training.
2. The scheme spans over a period of five years (2016-17 to 2020-21) with a project cost of around ₹ 500 crore.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Statement 1 is correct. The Pradhan Mantri Yuva Yojana (PMYUVA) is indeed a scheme focused on entrepreneurship education and training, aiming to create an enabling ecosystem for entrepreneurship development among the youth.
Statement 2 is also correct. The scheme was launched in 2016 and envisioned to span over five years, from 2016-17 to 2020-21, with a total project cost allocated around ₹499.94 crore (approximately ₹ 500 crore) for implementation across the country.

PMYUVA was implemented by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship through various institutes including Centrally funded and State funded institutions, colleges and universities, and entrepreneurial hubs. It aimed to train over 7 lakh youth in entrepreneurship during its tenure.

4. World Science Day for Peace and Development (organised by UNESCO) is c

World Science Day for Peace and Development (organised by UNESCO) is celebrated worldwide on 10th November every year. Which one of the following was the theme for the year 2016?

Quality Science Education : ensuring a sustainable future for all

Science for the rapprochement of peoples and cultures

Celebrating Science Centres and Science Museums

Science for a Sustainable Future

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The correct answer is Celebrating Science Centres and Science Museums.

World Science Day for Peace and Development is celebrated annually on November 10th. The theme for the year 2016, as designated by UNESCO, was “Celebrating Science Centres and Science Museums”.

The theme aimed to highlight the vital role that science centres and museums play in promoting public engagement with science, fostering scientific literacy, and inspiring future generations of scientists and innovators.

5. Which one of the following cities hosted the first International Agrob

Which one of the following cities hosted the first International Agrobiodiversity Congress in the month of November 2016 ?

New Delhi

Jakarta

Colombo

Dhaka

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The correct answer is New Delhi.

The first International Agrobiodiversity Congress was held in New Delhi, India, in November 2016. The event was organized by the Indian Society of Plant Genetic Resources and Bioversity International.

The congress brought together scientists, researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders from around the world to discuss and share knowledge on the conservation and sustainable use of agrobiodiversity for food and nutrition security.

6. Which one of the following statements about air is correct ?

Which one of the following statements about air is correct ?

Air is a compound.

Air is a mixture.

Air is an element.

Air always has more oxygen than nitrogen.

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The correct answer is Air is a mixture.

Air is composed of various gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases, along with water vapour and particulate matter. These components are not chemically combined in fixed proportions but are simply mixed together. The composition of air can vary depending on factors like location and altitude. This characteristic defines it as a mixture.

A compound is formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded in a fixed ratio (e.g., water H₂O). An element is a pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same numbers of protons (e.g., Oxygen O₂). Air is primarily about 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen by volume, so nitrogen is present in a greater proportion than oxygen under normal conditions.

7. Which one of the following non-metals is present in solid state ?

Which one of the following non-metals is present in solid state ?

Bromine

Boron

Krypton

Radon

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The correct answer is Boron.

Non-metals exist in various states at room temperature: solid (e.g., Carbon, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Boron), liquid (Bromine), and gas (e.g., Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, noble gases like Krypton, Radon). Among the given options, Bromine is a liquid, while Krypton and Radon are gases. Boron is a non-metal (or metalloid often grouped with non-metals) and exists as a solid under standard conditions.

Boron is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid. Elemental boron is used in semiconductors and pyrotechnics. Other common solid non-metals include carbon (diamond, graphite), phosphorus (white, red, black forms), sulfur, and selenium.

8. Automobiles are fitted with a device that shows the distance travelled

Automobiles are fitted with a device that shows the distance travelled. Such a device is known as

Speedometer

Cathetometer

Odometer

Lactometer

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Different devices are used in automobiles to measure various parameters:
– Speedometer: Measures the instantaneous speed of the vehicle.
– Odometer: Measures the total distance traveled by the vehicle.
– Tachometer: Measures the engine’s rotational speed (RPM).
– Fuel gauge: Indicates the amount of fuel in the tank.

A Cathetometer is a laboratory instrument used to measure vertical distances precisely. A Lactometer is an instrument used to check the purity of milk by measuring its density.

Therefore, the device fitted in automobiles that shows the distance traveled is an odometer.

– An odometer is specifically designed to measure the distance covered by a vehicle.
– A speedometer measures speed.
– Other options are not used in automobiles for measuring distance traveled.

Modern odometers are typically digital, while older vehicles used mechanical odometers with rotating number wheels. The term “odometer” comes from the Greek words ‘hodos’ (way or path) and ‘metron’ (measure). Trip meters are usually integrated with the odometer and can be reset to measure distances for specific journeys.

9. The phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapours at any temperature i

The phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapours at any temperature is known as evaporation, which takes place

at its boiling point

above its boiling point

below its boiling point

at room temperature

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Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas or vapor. This process occurs at the surface of the liquid. Unlike boiling, which happens at a specific temperature (the boiling point) throughout the bulk of the liquid when its vapor pressure equals the surrounding pressure, evaporation can happen at *any* temperature where the liquid exists. Molecules at the surface gain enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them in the liquid phase and escape into the gas phase. This process occurs *below* the boiling point of the liquid.

– Evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
– It occurs when liquid molecules gain enough energy to escape into the gas phase.
– Evaporation can take place at any temperature where the liquid is present.
– Boiling is different; it occurs throughout the liquid at a specific temperature (boiling point) where vapor pressure equals external pressure.

Factors affecting the rate of evaporation include temperature (higher temperature, faster evaporation), surface area (larger area, faster evaporation), humidity (lower humidity, faster evaporation), and wind speed (higher wind speed, faster evaporation). Evaporation is a cooling process because the molecules with the highest kinetic energy escape from the liquid surface.

10. Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is formed by cooling a gas of extremely

Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density, about one-hundredthousandth the density of normal air. This is treated as

II state of matter

III state of matter

IV state of matter

V state of matter

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The common states of matter are Solid, Liquid, and Gas. Plasma is often considered the fourth state of matter, existing at very high temperatures where electrons are stripped from atoms. Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is a distinct state of matter that occurs when a gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. In a BEC, a large fraction of the bosons occupy the lowest quantum mechanical state, and macroscopic quantum phenomena become apparent. It is typically referred to as the fifth state of matter, following Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.

– The traditional states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
– Plasma is often considered the fourth state.
– Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is a distinct state formed at extremely low temperatures and is considered the fifth state.

Bose-Einstein condensates were first experimentally realized in 1995 by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado at Boulder, using a gas of rubidium atoms. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for this achievement, shared with Wolfgang Ketterle of MIT, who produced BECs in other atoms and demonstrated their properties. Fermionic condensates, a similar state for fermions, are sometimes referred to as the sixth state of matter.