UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

41. The rabbit population in community A increases at 25% per year while t

The rabbit population in community A increases at 25% per year while that in community B increases at 50% per year. If the present populations of A and B are equal, what will be the ratio of the number of rabbits in community B to that in community A after 2 years ?

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1.44
1.72
1.90
1.25
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The correct answer is A.
Let the present population of rabbits in community A and B be P.
Population growth in community A is 25% per year. After ‘n’ years, the population will be P * (1 + 0.25)^n.
Population growth in community B is 50% per year. After ‘n’ years, the population will be P * (1 + 0.50)^n.
We need to find the ratio of the number of rabbits in community B to that in community A after 2 years (n=2).
Population of A after 2 years = P_A(2) = P * (1 + 0.25)² = P * (1.25)² = P * 1.5625.
Population of B after 2 years = P_B(2) = P * (1 + 0.50)² = P * (1.50)² = P * 2.25.
The ratio of the number of rabbits in community B to that in community A after 2 years is P_B(2) / P_A(2).
Ratio = (P * 2.25) / (P * 1.5625) = 2.25 / 1.5625.
To calculate 2.25 / 1.5625, we can write it as 22500 / 15625.
Divide both by 25: 900 / 625.
Divide both by 25 again: 36 / 25.
36 / 25 = 1.44.
The ratio is 1.44.

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42. ‘A’ and ‘B’ can complete a work in 2 hours and 55 minutes. ‘A’ alone c

‘A’ and ‘B’ can complete a work in 2 hours and 55 minutes. ‘A’ alone can do the same work two hours faster than ‘B’ alone can. How long will ‘B’ take to do the work alone ?

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2 hours and 10 minutes
4 hours and 10 minutes
5 hours
7 hours
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The correct answer is D.
Let the time taken by B to complete the work alone be `x` hours.
Since A can do the same work two hours faster than B, the time taken by A alone is `x – 2` hours.
The work rate of B is 1/x work per hour.
The work rate of A is 1/(x-2) work per hour.
A and B together complete the work in 2 hours and 55 minutes.
2 hours 55 minutes = 2 + 55/60 hours = 2 + 11/12 hours = (24+11)/12 hours = 35/12 hours.
The combined work rate of A and B is 1 / (35/12) = 12/35 work per hour.
The combined work rate is also the sum of their individual rates: 1/(x-2) + 1/x = 12/35.
To solve for x:
[x + (x-2)] / [x(x-2)] = 12/35
(2x – 2) / (x² – 2x) = 12/35
35(2x – 2) = 12(x² – 2x)
70x – 70 = 12x² – 24x
12x² – 94x + 70 = 0
Divide by 2: 6x² – 47x + 35 = 0
Using the quadratic formula x = [-b ± sqrt(b² – 4ac)] / 2a:
x = [47 ± sqrt((-47)² – 4 * 6 * 35)] / (2 * 6)
x = [47 ± sqrt(2209 – 840)] / 12
x = [47 ± sqrt(1369)] / 12
x = [47 ± 37] / 12
Two possible solutions for x:
x1 = (47 + 37) / 12 = 84 / 12 = 7
x2 = (47 – 37) / 12 = 10 / 12 = 5/6
If x = 5/6 hours, then A takes x – 2 = 5/6 – 2 = -7/6 hours, which is not possible as time cannot be negative.
So, x = 7 hours is the valid solution.
B takes 7 hours to do the work alone.

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43. Mahavibhasha, an encyclopaedia of Buddhist philosophy is the work of w

Mahavibhasha, an encyclopaedia of Buddhist philosophy is the work of which Buddhist Council ?

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First Council
Second Council
Third Council
Fourth Council
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The correct answer is D.
The Mahavibhasha is a large encyclopaedic commentary on Buddhist philosophy, specifically the Abhidharma text called Jnanaprasthana.
This text is primarily associated with the Sarvastivada school of Buddhism.
It was compiled during the Fourth Buddhist Council, which was held under the patronage of the Kushana emperor Kanishka, traditionally believed to have taken place in Kashmir around the 1st or 2nd century CE.
The Fourth Buddhist Council is considered significant for the systematization of the Sarvastivada Abhidharma and is sometimes seen as a precursor to the development of Mahayana Buddhism, although it was primarily a Hinayana (Sarvastivada) council.

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44. In ancient India, Mehrgarh was a

In ancient India, Mehrgarh was a

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neolithic site in the Bolan Valley
graveyard of the Delhi Sultans
kingdom in the Deccan area
fort in Rajasthan
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The correct answer is A.
Mehrgarh is one of the most important Neolithic sites in archaeology.
It is located in the Bolan Valley in the Balochistan province of Pakistan, near the Indus plains.
The site provides evidence of early farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep, and goats) dating back to around 7000 BCE.
It represents one of the earliest known farming villages in South Asia.
Mehrgarh is crucial for understanding the transition from nomadic life to settled agricultural communities in the Indian subcontinent and its surrounding regions.

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45. In which one of the following edicts is the name ‘Ashoka’ inscribed ?

In which one of the following edicts is the name ‘Ashoka’ inscribed ?

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Shahbazgarhi major rock edict
Minor rock edict - I at Maski
Dhauli major rock edict
Kandahar pillar edict
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The correct answer is B.
In most of his edicts, Emperor Ashoka referred to himself by titles like ‘Devanampiya Piyadassi’ (Beloved of the Gods, of pleasant appearance).
His personal name ‘Ashoka’ is explicitly mentioned in only a few edicts.
The Minor Rock Edict I found at Maski (in Karnataka) is one of the edicts where the name ‘Ashoka’ is clearly inscribed along with the title ‘Devanampiya Piyadassi’.
Other edicts mentioning ‘Ashoka’ include Gurjara, Udegolam, and Nittur.
The discovery of the Maski edict was crucial in confirming the identity of Devanampiya Piyadassi with the historical King Ashoka.

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46. Which one of the following statements about the founding of the Indian

Which one of the following statements about the founding of the Indian National Congress is correct ?

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It was founded in December 1885 by seventy-two political workers.
It was founded in December 1885 under the leadership of David Hume.
It was founded in Lahore.
Lord Macaulay was the Viceroy of India at the time of its founding.
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The correct answer is A.
The Indian National Congress was founded on 28 December 1885 in Bombay (now Mumbai).
The first session was attended by 72 delegates from various parts of India.
It was convened by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British Indian Civil Service officer.
Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress. David Hume mentioned in option B is Allan Octavian Hume (A.O. Hume), the founder, but the leadership of the session was by the President, W.C. Bonnerjee. The first session was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay. Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India at the time of the founding of the INC, not Lord Macaulay (who had died long before in 1859).

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47. Which one of the following statements with regard to the Amendment of

Which one of the following statements with regard to the Amendment of the Constitution of India is *not* correct ?

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An Amendment Bill may be introduced in either House of the Parliament.
The Amendment Bill must be passed by at least two-third of the members of each House present and voting.
The State Legislatures are not required to ratify an Amendment Bill.
The President of India cannot return an Amendment Bill for reconsideration.
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The correct answer is C.
Article 368 of the Constitution of India deals with the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and the procedure therefor.
Statement A is correct: An Amendment Bill can be introduced in either House of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha).
Statement B is correct: An Amendment Bill requiring special majority must be passed by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting. The statement correctly reflects the ‘present and voting’ part of this requirement.
Statement D is correct: As per Article 368 and the 24th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971, the President is obligated to give his assent to a Constitution Amendment Bill passed by Parliament. He cannot withhold or return it for reconsideration.
Statement C is incorrect: State Legislatures are required to ratify an Amendment Bill if the amendment seeks to change certain provisions relating to the federal structure of the Constitution, such as the election of the President, the extent of the executive or legislative powers of the Union and the States, the Supreme Court and the High Courts, distribution of legislative powers, representation of States in Parliament, or Article 368 itself. This ratification requires resolutions by not less than one-half of the State Legislatures. Therefore, it is not correct to say that State Legislatures are *not* required to ratify an Amendment Bill; they are required in specific cases.
The procedure for amendment varies depending on the nature of the amendment: (i) by simple majority, (ii) by special majority of Parliament, and (iii) by special majority of Parliament and the ratification of half of the state legislatures. Only categories (ii) and (iii) are covered under Article 368.

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48. The provision for a Uniform Civil Code exists in which of the followin

The provision for a Uniform Civil Code exists in which of the following parts of the Constitution of India ?

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Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles of State Policy
Citizenship
Fundamental Duties
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The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy.
The provision for a Uniform Civil Code is enshrined in Article 44 of the Constitution of India. Article 44 falls under Part IV of the Constitution, which deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines or principles to be kept in mind by the State while framing laws and policies. They are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced by courts, but are considered fundamental in the governance of the country. Fundamental Rights (Part III) are justiciable rights of citizens. Citizenship (Part II) deals with matters of citizenship. Fundamental Duties (Part IVA) list the duties of citizens.

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49. Which one of the following statements with regard to the right to free

Which one of the following statements with regard to the right to freedom of religion in India is not correct?

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This right gives all persons freedom of conscience.
It does not permit educational institutions maintained entirely by State funds to impart religious instructions.
It prevents the State from making a law providing for social welfare and reforms.
The reference to Hindu includes Sikhs, Jains and Buddhists.
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The correct answer is It prevents the State from making a law providing for social welfare and reforms.
This statement is incorrect. The right to freedom of religion, guaranteed under Articles 25-28 of the Constitution, is subject to certain restrictions, including public order, morality, health, and other Fundamental Rights. Furthermore, Article 25(2)(a) explicitly allows the State to make laws providing for social welfare and reform, even if they regulate activities associated with religious practice. Examples include laws prohibiting Sati, preventing child marriage, allowing entry into temples, etc.
Statements A, B, and D are correct. Article 25 grants freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practise and propagate religion. Article 28(1) prohibits religious instruction in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State funds. Explanation II to Article 25 clarifies that the reference to Hindus shall be construed as including a reference to persons professing the Sikh, Jaina or Buddhist religion, and the reference to Hindu religious institutions shall be construed accordingly.

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50. Which one of the following statements with regard to the Preamble to t

Which one of the following statements with regard to the Preamble to the Constitution of India is not correct?

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The Preamble is a part of the Constitution.
It states the objective of the Constitution.
The word 'Socialist' was added to the Preamble in 1976.
The word 'Secular' was always a part of the Preamble.
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The correct answer is The word ‘Secular’ was always a part of the Preamble.
This statement is incorrect. The words ‘Socialist’, ‘Secular’, and ‘Integrity’ were not part of the original Preamble to the Constitution of India adopted on 26th January 1950. These words were added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976.
Statements A, B, and C are correct. The Supreme Court, in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and can be amended, provided the basic structure is not altered. The Preamble outlines the objectives and ideals of the Constitution, such as Justice, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, Sovereignty, Socialist, Secular, and Democratic Republic. The word ‘Socialist’ was indeed added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.

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