UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

1. Who among the following in 1856 has taken the first detailed photograp

Who among the following in 1856 has taken the first detailed photographs of the archaeological remains at Hampi ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Colin Mackenzie” option2=”Alexander Greenlaw” option3=”John Marshall” option4=”J.F. Fleet” correct=”option2″]

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Alexander Greenlaw, a British officer, is credited with taking the first detailed series of photographs of the archaeological remains at Hampi in 1856.
His albumen prints provide invaluable early visual documentation of the site before significant restoration or environmental changes occurred.
While Colin Mackenzie conducted the first comprehensive survey (producing maps and drawings) around 1800, Greenlaw’s work represents the dawn of photographic documentation at Hampi. John Marshall was a later Director-General of the ASI, involved in conservation in the early 20th century.

2. Seydi Ali Reis was a Turkish traveller to India in the

Seydi Ali Reis was a Turkish traveller to India in the

[amp_mcq option1=”18th Century.” option2=”14th Century.” option3=”13th Century.” option4=”16th Century.” correct=”option4″]

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Seydi Ali Reis was an Ottoman admiral and cartographer who travelled to India in the mid-16th Century.
He reached India around 1554-1556, seeking refuge after a naval defeat against the Portuguese, and spent time at the court of Mughal Emperor Humayun before returning overland.
He documented his journey and observations in his famous travelogue “Mirat ul Memalik” (Mirror of Countries), which provides valuable insights into the political and social conditions of the regions he visited, including parts of India.

3. During the Mughal period, the word `wakil` referred to

During the Mughal period, the word `wakil` referred to

[amp_mcq option1=”lawyers in the Imperial Court.” option2=”lawyers in a Civil Court.” option3=”agents of nobles and regional rulers.” option4=”None of the above.” correct=”option3″]

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During the Mughal period, the word `wakil` often referred to agents or representatives. While it could denote a high administrative post (`Wakil-us-Saltanat`), in a broader sense, it meant a representative acting on behalf of someone else.
Nobles, regional rulers, and even ordinary individuals could have a `wakil` to represent their interests at the imperial court, in legal matters, or administrative affairs.
The term encompassed a broader role than just ‘lawyer’ in the modern sense and was commonly used for agents or deputies acting on behalf of others, particularly powerful individuals or entities.

4. During the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, which one of the followi

During the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, which one of the following practices was introduced in the daily routine of the king ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Kornish” option2=”Jharokha Darshan” option3=”Zaminbos” option4=”Sijda” correct=”option2″]

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Jharokha Darshan was a practice initiated or popularised by Mughal Emperor Akbar where he would appear at a specially constructed balcony (jharokha) every morning.
This allowed common people, soldiers, and officials to see the Emperor and present their grievances or petitions directly, fostering a connection between the ruler and the populace.
Practices like `Kornish`, `Zaminbos`, and `Sijda` were forms of court salutation or prostration, with varying degrees of ceremonial hierarchy, some of which were also modified or debated during Akbar’s reign based on religious principles (Akbar discouraged full prostration, Sijda).

5. The term `pahi-kashta` refers to which one of the following ?

The term `pahi-kashta` refers to which one of the following ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Resident cultivators” option2=”Landless cultivators” option3=”Non-resident cultivators” option4=”Peasants with more than 5 acres of land” correct=”option3″]

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The term `pahi-kashta` in the Mughal agrarian system referred to non-resident cultivators.
These peasants cultivated land in villages where they did not permanently reside, often moving from their home village (`khud-kashta`) to cultivate land elsewhere, sometimes on more favourable terms.
`Khuda-kashta` were resident cultivators who owned land in the village where they lived. The `pahi-kashta` were more mobile and could be invited by Zamindars or Jagirdars to cultivate land to increase revenue.

6. Of the following visitors, who compared medieval Vijayanagara with Rom

Of the following visitors, who compared medieval Vijayanagara with Rome ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Nicolo de Conti” option2=”Afanasy Nikitin” option3=”Domingo Paes” option4=”Fernao Nuniz” correct=”option3″]

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Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveller who visited the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Krishnadevaraya (1520s), provided detailed accounts of the city’s grandeur and wealth.
Paes was greatly impressed by the size, prosperity, and architecture of Vijayanagara and compared it favourably to Rome.
Other travellers like Nicolo de Conti (Italian), Afanasy Nikitin (Russian), and Fernao Nuniz (Portuguese) also visited Vijayanagara and wrote about their experiences, but Paes is specifically known for the comparison with Rome.

7. Recently, thousands of birds were killed in the shoreline of which one

Recently, thousands of birds were killed in the shoreline of which one of the following lakes of India by the infection of avian botulism, a deadly neuro-muscular illness ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Haflong lake, Assam” option2=”Sukhna lake, Chandigarh” option3=”Badkhal lake, Haryana” option4=”Sambhar lake, Rajasthan” correct=”option4″]

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In late 2019, thousands of migratory birds died at Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan due to an outbreak of avian botulism.
Avian botulism is a neuro-muscular illness caused by toxins produced by the bacterium *Clostridium botulinum*, typically under warm, stagnant water conditions.
Sambhar Lake is India’s largest inland salt lake and a crucial wetland for migratory birds. The mass death raised significant environmental concerns.

8. Manu Bhaker excels in which one of the following sports ?

Manu Bhaker excels in which one of the following sports ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Badminton” option2=”Lawn Tennis” option3=”Shooting” option4=”Archery” correct=”option3″]

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Manu Bhaker is a prominent Indian sportsperson who excels in shooting.
She is an pistol shooter and has represented India in various international competitions.
She has won numerous medals in events like the Commonwealth Games, Youth Olympics, and ISSF World Cups.

9. “मा गृधः कस्यस्विद्धनम्” (Ma Gridhah Kasyasvidhanam) is the motto of

“मा गृधः कस्यस्विद्धनम्” (Ma Gridhah Kasyasvidhanam) is the motto of

[amp_mcq option1=”Lokpal” option2=”Election Commission of India” option3=”Central Electricity Regulatory Commission” option4=”Central Information Commission” correct=”option1″]

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The motto “मा गृधः कस्यस्विद्धनम्” (Ma Gridhah Kasyasvidhanam) is the motto of the Lokpal of India. This phrase is derived from the Isha Upanishad (Verse 1) and translates to “Do not covet the wealth of others” or “Do not be greedy for anybody’s wealth”. This motto aligns with the role of the Lokpal as an anti-corruption authority, emphasizing integrity and freedom from greed.
The Lokpal is a statutory body constituted under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, to inquire into allegations of corruption against public functionaries. Its motto reflects the ethical principles it stands for.
Other institutions have different mottos. For example, the Election Commission of India uses “No Voter Left Behind” in campaigns, though its identity is often just its name. The mottos are often chosen to represent the core values and mission of the institution.

10. In November 2019, authorised capital of which one of the following pub

In November 2019, authorised capital of which one of the following public sector units was increased from ₹ 3,500 crore to ₹ 10,000 crore ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Oil and Natural Gas Corporation” option2=”Numaligarh Refinery Limited” option3=”National Thermal Power Corporation Limited” option4=”Food Corporation of India” correct=”option2″]

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In November 2019, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the increase in the authorized capital of Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) from ₹3,500 crore to ₹10,000 crore. This increase was aimed at supporting the Numaligarh Refinery Expansion Project (NREP), which sought to triple the refinery’s capacity from 3 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) to 9 MMTPA.
Authorised capital is the maximum amount of share capital that a company can issue to shareholders. Increasing it allows the company to raise more funds through equity for its projects and expansion plans. NRL is a public sector undertaking involved in oil refining, located in Assam.
The Numaligarh Refinery Expansion Project is a significant infrastructure project aimed at boosting the refining capacity in Northeast India, enhancing energy security, and promoting regional development. The increase in authorized capital was a crucial step to facilitate the funding for this large-scale expansion. NRL is a subsidiary of Oil India Limited (OIL).
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