UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

1. Which one of the following is not a raster image format ?

Which one of the following is not a raster image format ?

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JPEG
GIF
PNG
SVG
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A raster image format stores images as a grid of pixels, where each pixel contains colour information. JPEG, GIF, and PNG are all popular file formats that store images using this pixel-based approach. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), on the other hand, is a vector image format. Vector images are composed of mathematical descriptions of geometric shapes, lines, and curves, making them scalable without loss of quality.
Raster images are pixel-based, while vector images are based on mathematical descriptions. SVG is a vector format.
Common raster formats include BMP, TIFF, and WebP in addition to JPEG, GIF, and PNG. Vector formats are often used for logos, illustrations, and graphics that need to be resized frequently because they scale smoothly without pixelation.

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2. Which one of the following is a technique of dividing the physical mem

Which one of the following is a technique of dividing the physical memory space into multiple blocks ?

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Fragmentation
Paging
Segmentation
Swapping
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Paging is a memory management technique that divides the physical memory (RAM) into fixed-size units called frames and the logical address space of a process into equally sized units called pages. It is a method of dividing physical memory into blocks (frames) to facilitate non-contiguous memory allocation and virtual memory implementation.
Paging divides physical memory into fixed-size frames and logical memory into same-size pages, enabling processes to be loaded into non-contiguous physical memory locations.
Fragmentation refers to wasted space in memory. Segmentation divides logical memory into variable-size segments based on the program’s structure. Swapping is a technique to move processes between memory and disk to manage limited physical memory resources, not a method of dividing physical memory into blocks for allocation.

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3. The result of binary subtraction between 1001 and 101 is :

The result of binary subtraction between 1001 and 101 is :

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1011
1001
001
100
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To subtract 101 (binary) from 1001 (binary), we perform binary subtraction:
1001 (which is 9 in decimal)
– 0101 (which is 5 in decimal, added a leading zero for alignment)
——-
Starting from the rightmost bit:
1 – 1 = 0
0 – 0 = 0
0 – 1: Cannot subtract. Borrow from the leftmost digit (1). The leftmost 1 becomes 0. The borrowed 1 moves to the left, making the next position 2 (in base 2). So, we have 2 – 1 = 1.
The leftmost digit is now 0.
Result: 0100 (binary), which is 100 (binary) when the leading zero is dropped.
100 (binary) is 1*2^2 + 0*2^1 + 0*2^0 = 4 (decimal). 9 – 5 = 4.
Binary subtraction follows similar principles to decimal subtraction, using borrowing when a smaller digit is being subtracted from a larger one.
Binary arithmetic is fundamental in digital electronics and computer science. Subtraction can also be performed using two’s complement representation and binary addition. In this case, direct subtraction is straightforward.

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4. Debugger is a :

Debugger is a :

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Software.
Hardware.
Combination of software and hardware.
None of the above
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A debugger is a software tool used by programmers to test and find errors (bugs) in other software programs. It allows developers to step through code execution, inspect variables, and analyze program behaviour to identify the root cause of issues.
Debuggers are software applications used to aid in the process of software development by helping to locate and fix errors in code.
While debugging hardware systems (like embedded systems) may involve hardware interfaces (like JTAG adapters), the debugger application running on a host computer is fundamentally a piece of software. The question asks what the debugger *is*, referring to the tool itself.

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5. How many input lines are there in the NOT gate ?

How many input lines are there in the NOT gate ?

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2
1
3
4
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A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a basic digital logic gate that performs logical negation. It takes a single binary input and produces an output that is the opposite logic level (0 becomes 1, and 1 becomes 0). Therefore, it has exactly one input line.
The NOT gate is a unary operation, meaning it operates on a single input.
Other basic logic gates like AND, OR, XOR, NAND, and NOR typically have two or more input lines. The output of a NOT gate is always the complement of its input.

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6. How many bits combination is present in a Byte?

How many bits combination is present in a Byte?

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2
4
8
16
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A byte is the fundamental unit of data storage in computer systems, typically defined as a sequence of 8 bits.
A byte consists of 8 bits, which is the smallest addressable unit of memory for most modern computer architectures.
A bit is the smallest unit of data, representing a binary value (0 or 1). A group of 4 bits is called a nibble. Larger units include words, which consist of varying numbers of bytes depending on the computer architecture (e.g., 2 bytes for a 16-bit word, 4 bytes for a 32-bit word, 8 bytes for a 64-bit word).

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7. 1 KB is equivalent to :

1 KB is equivalent to :

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1042 bytes.
1023 bytes.
1021 bytes.
1024 bytes.
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In the context of computer memory and storage, 1 KB (Kilobyte) is conventionally understood as 210 bytes.
The standard definition of a Kilobyte in computing is 1024 bytes, based on powers of 2 (210).
While the SI definition of kilo (k) is 103 (1000), computer science traditionally uses powers of 2. This led to ambiguity, and standards bodies like IEC introduced prefixes like kibi (Ki) for 210 (1024) and kilo (k) for 103 (1000). However, in common usage for memory sizes, KB still widely refers to 1024 bytes. For storage devices like hard drives and network speeds, kilo often means 1000. Given the options, 1024 is the expected answer for a computer science context.

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8. Which one of the following is a sequential electronic circuit that is

Which one of the following is a sequential electronic circuit that is used to store 1-bit information?

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Register
Flip-flop
Counter
Accumulator
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A flip-flop is a basic sequential logic circuit that has two stable states and can store one bit of binary information (0 or 1). It is the fundamental building block for memory elements in digital electronics.
Flip-flops are the elementary memory units in sequential circuits, capable of storing a single bit of data and changing state based on input signals and clock pulses.
A register is a collection of multiple flip-flops used to store a group of bits (e.g., a byte or a word). A counter is a sequential circuit that cycles through a sequence of states, often counting pulses, and is typically constructed using flip-flops. An accumulator is a type of register used in central processing units (CPUs) for performing arithmetic and logic operations.

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9. Which one of the following is not included in the Human Resource Polic

Which one of the following is not included in the Human Resource Policy of CISF ?

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Harmonious cadre management
Departmental disciplinary actions
Mentoring and team building for direct officers to ensure optimal performance
Continuous performance appraisal
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The question asks which one of the listed items is NOT included in the Human Resource Policy of CISF. While all options relate to personnel management, “Departmental disciplinary actions” are typically governed by specific service rules and regulations rather than being listed as a core *goal* or *component* within a standard HR Policy document that focuses on areas like cadre management, performance, training, and development. HR policies often outline the framework for handling such actions, but the detailed list of specific disciplinary actions themselves might reside elsewhere. Options A, C, and D represent common strategic and operational elements included in HR policies aimed at effective personnel management and development.
Human Resource Policies typically focus on strategic management, development, welfare, and positive aspects of personnel management. While disciplinary actions are an HR function, the detailed procedures and rules are often codified in separate service rules or procedural manuals rather than being a primary component listed within a general HR policy document in the same way as cadre management or performance systems.
Disciplined forces like CISF have detailed rules governing conduct and discipline, often derived from specific acts and rules applicable to central armed police forces. These rules outline the types of misconduct and the corresponding disciplinary procedures and penalties. An HR policy would likely reference these rules and outline HR’s role in the process, but the specific actions might not be exhaustively listed as part of the policy itself. Harmonious cadre management involves planning, recruitment, promotion, and posting. Mentoring and team building are developmental activities. Continuous performance appraisal is part of evaluation and career progression.

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10. The question whether the Central Administrative Tribunal could interfe

The question whether the Central Administrative Tribunal could interfere with penalty awarded by the competent authority on the ground that it is excessive or disproportionate to the misconduct proved, was examined by the Supreme Court of India in which one of the following cases ?

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Excel Wear vs. Union of India
Sagir Ahmad vs. State of Uttar Pradesh
L. Chandra Kumar vs. Union of India
Union of India vs. Shri Parma Nanda
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The correct answer is Union of India vs. Shri Parma Nanda.
– The question of whether the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) can interfere with the quantum of penalty imposed by the disciplinary authority on the ground of proportionality was extensively examined by the Supreme Court in the case of Union of India vs. Shri Parma Nanda (AIR 1989 SC 1185).
– The Supreme Court held in this case that the Tribunal has the power to judicially review the findings of the disciplinary authority and the punishment imposed. However, the Tribunal should not sit as an appellate authority substituting its own view on the penalty. It should only interfere with the quantum of punishment if it is shockingly disproportionate to the misconduct proved or if there is some procedural irregularity leading to miscarriage of justice.
– Excel Wear vs. Union of India dealt with the validity of provisions restricting the employer’s right to close down an undertaking.
– Sagir Ahmad vs. State of Uttar Pradesh concerned the fundamental right to carry on trade or business and the state’s power to create monopolies.
– L. Chandra Kumar vs. Union of India is a landmark judgment where the Supreme Court declared the power of judicial review of the High Courts and the Supreme Court over decisions of Tribunals as part of the basic structure of the Constitution. While it dealt with the jurisdiction of Tribunals, the Parma Nanda case is more specifically about the scope of review of the proportionality of penalty by administrative tribunals.
– The principle laid down in Parma Nanda regarding the proportionality review by tribunals has been reiterated and followed in numerous subsequent judgments.

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