UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

1. Who was the founder of Brahma Samaj of India?

Who was the founder of Brahma Samaj of India?

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Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Debendranath Tagore
Keshab Chandra Sen
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
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The original Brahmo Samaj was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828. After his death, Debendranath Tagore led the movement. However, a major split occurred in 1866 primarily due to ideological differences and disputes over social reforms, particularly regarding caste and inter-caste marriage. Keshab Chandra Sen and his followers established a new organization called the “Brahmo Samaj of India” (Brahmo Samaj of Keshub Chandra Sen), while Debendranath Tagore’s group became known as the “Adi Brahmo Samaj” (Original Brahmo Samaj). Therefore, Keshab Chandra Sen was the founder of the “Brahma Samaj of India”.
– Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha (later Brahmo Samaj) in 1828.
– Debendranath Tagore led the movement after Roy.
– A split occurred in 1866.
– Keshab Chandra Sen founded the “Brahmo Samaj of India” after the 1866 split.
The split led to two distinct branches. Later, another split occurred in Keshab Chandra Sen’s group (in 1878), leading to the formation of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj by younger members who opposed some of Keshab Chandra Sen’s actions, such as the marriage of his underage daughter. Thus, the Brahmo movement fragmented over time.

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2. The Indian Universities Commission appointed by Lord Curzon in 1902 wa

The Indian Universities Commission appointed by Lord Curzon in 1902 was headed by

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Sir William Hunter
Sir Thomas Raleigh
Lord Haldane
Dr. Michael Sadler
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Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India (1899-1905), appointed the Indian Universities Commission in 1902. This commission was constituted to inquire into the conditions and prospects of the universities established in British India and to suggest measures for improving their constitution and working. The commission was headed by Sir Thomas Raleigh, who was then the Law Member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
– The commission was appointed in 1902 by Lord Curzon.
– Its purpose was to inquire into Indian universities and suggest reforms.
– The chairman of the commission was Sir Thomas Raleigh.
Based on the recommendations of the Raleigh Commission, the Indian Universities Act of 1904 was passed. This Act aimed to reform the administration and governance of universities, increase governmental control, and shift focus towards teaching and research rather than merely conducting examinations. Other commissions mentioned are related to education but were headed by different individuals: Hunter Commission (1882) by Sir William Hunter and Sadler Commission (1917) by Dr. Michael Sadler.

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3. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

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List-I
(Convention)		 List-II
(Primarily related to)
A. Basel Convention 1. Organic pollutants
B. Rotterdam Convention 2. Mercury
C. Stockholm Convention 3. Hazardous wastes
D. Minamata Convention 4. Pesticides
A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
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Let’s match the Conventions with their primary focus:
– Basel Convention: Adopted in 1989, it controls transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal. Matches with ‘Hazardous wastes’ (3).
– Rotterdam Convention: Adopted in 1998, it established the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade. Matches with ‘Pesticides’ (4) and hazardous chemicals.
– Stockholm Convention: Adopted in 2001, it is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Matches with ‘Organic pollutants’ (specifically POPs) (1).
– Minamata Convention: Adopted in 2013, it is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. Matches with ‘Mercury’ (2).
The correct matching is A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2.
– Basel Convention: Hazardous waste movement.
– Rotterdam Convention: Prior Informed Consent for chemicals/pesticides.
– Stockholm Convention: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
– Minamata Convention: Mercury pollution.
These conventions are key international environmental agreements aimed at regulating dangerous substances and waste to protect global health and ecosystems. The Rotterdam Convention covers a broad range of hazardous chemicals and pesticides, but ‘Pesticides’ is the most fitting primary focus among the given options for B.

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4. Which one of the following is the largest country of Europe in terms o

Which one of the following is the largest country of Europe in terms of area?

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Spain
Portugal
Germany
France
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Among the given options, France is the largest country in terms of area. Metropolitan France has an area of approximately 551,695 square kilometers. If overseas departments and territories are included, the total area is significantly larger, around 643,801 square kilometers. Spain is the second largest among the options (approx. 505,992 km²), followed by Germany (approx. 357,022 km²) and then Portugal (approx. 92,212 km²).
– Area of France (Metropolitan): ~551,700 km².
– Area of Spain: ~506,000 km².
– Area of Germany: ~357,000 km².
– Area of Portugal: ~92,200 km².
– France is the largest among the listed countries.
It’s important to note that the largest country *in Europe* by area is Russia (European part), followed by Ukraine (if considering countries entirely within Europe excluding Russia). However, among the specific options provided, France is the largest.

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5. Which one of the following observations regarding rivers is not made b

Which one of the following observations regarding rivers is not made by the Central Water Commission operating through its network of hydro-meteorological stations?

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Water level (gauge)
Silt
Water quality
Shifting in river channel
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The Central Water Commission (CWC) operates a network of hydro-meteorological stations primarily for monitoring river behavior in terms of water quantity and quality. Routine observations from these stations typically include Water Level (Gauge), Silt content (Sediment load), and Water Quality parameters. While CWC may conduct specific studies on river morphology and channel changes, “Shifting in river channel” is generally not a parameter for routine, continuous observation from fixed hydro-meteorological stations in the same way as gauge, silt, or water quality.
– CWC monitors key river parameters through hydro-meteorological stations.
– Standard routine observations include water level, silt/sediment load, and water quality.
– Shifting of the entire river channel is a larger geomorphological process, less amenable to continuous monitoring from a fixed station.
CWC’s mandate includes planning and coordination for water resources development and management, flood forecasting, and monitoring. Data collected from hydro-meteorological stations are crucial for flood forecasting, water management, and planning. While river morphology is studied, especially in the context of river training and flood control works, routine data collection focuses on the properties and flow of water itself at specific points.

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6. Which one of the following countries does not experience Mediterranean

Which one of the following countries does not experience Mediterranean climate?

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Syria
Jordan
Lebanon
Israel
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Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. While Syria, Lebanon, and Israel are located on the eastern Mediterranean coast and experience variations of this climate, Jordan’s climate is predominantly arid to semi-arid, lacking the characteristic wet winters of the Mediterranean climate in most parts of the country. Only a small northwestern tip bordering Israel and Syria might have some marginal Mediterranean influence.
– Mediterranean climate is marked by dry summers and wet winters.
– Countries directly bordering the Mediterranean Sea often experience this climate.
– Syria, Lebanon, and Israel have significant areas with Mediterranean climate influence.
– Jordan’s climate is mainly arid or semi-arid.
Countries that experience Mediterranean climate include those around the Mediterranean Sea (e.g., Italy, Greece, parts of Turkey, coastal areas of North Africa, coastal Spain, southern France), coastal California, central Chile, the Cape Region of South Africa, and parts of southwestern and southern Australia. The eastern Mediterranean coastal strip shared by Syria, Lebanon, and Israel falls within this zone. Jordan is mostly an inland country lying to the east of this coastal zone, placing it in a more desert or steppe climate zone.

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7. Hirakud Dam is built across which river?

Hirakud Dam is built across which river?

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Kaveri
Mahanadi
Krishna
Godavari
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The Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River in the state of Odisha, India. It is one of the earliest major multipurpose river valley projects undertaken after India’s independence.
– Hirakud Dam is located in Odisha, India.
– It is constructed on the Mahanadi River.
– It is a multipurpose project serving irrigation, power generation, and flood control.
Completed in 1957, the Hirakud Dam is one of the longest earth dams in the world. The reservoir formed by the dam, also known as Hirakud Reservoir, is one of the largest artificial lakes in Asia. The dam helps regulate the flow of the Mahanadi, mitigating floods in the delta region and providing irrigation water to large areas.

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8. Darling Downs is a

Darling Downs is a

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grassland in Australia
barren land in South America
tropical rainforest in South America
temperate forest in Canada
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Darling Downs is a renowned agricultural region located in southeastern Queensland, Australia. It is characterized by fertile soils and extensive grasslands, making it a significant area for crop farming and livestock grazing.
– Darling Downs is situated in Queensland, Australia.
– It is known for its productive agricultural land and pastoral areas.
– The landscape consists primarily of grasslands and cultivated fields.
The Darling Downs is part of the Great Dividing Range and lies west of the McPherson Range. It is drained by the Condamine River and its tributaries. Major towns in the region include Toowoomba, Warwick, and Dalby. Its economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, particularly grain crops, cotton, and livestock.

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9. What is the name of the first research station established by the Gove

What is the name of the first research station established by the Government of India for conduct of research at Antarctica?

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Dakshin Gangotri
Uttar Gangotri
Bharati
Maitri
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The first research station established by the Government of India in Antarctica was Dakshin Gangotri.
Dakshin Gangotri was established in 1983 as India’s first permanent base in Antarctica. It was located on the ice shelf but was decommissioned in 1990 due to being submerged in ice and snow.
Following Dakshin Gangotri, India established its second permanent station, Maitri, on a rocky terrain near the Schirmacher Oasis in 1989. India’s third operational research station, Bharati, was commissioned in 2012 near Larsmann Hill.

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10. Which one of the following is the most dominant religion in Thailand i

Which one of the following is the most dominant religion in Thailand in terms of its followers?

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Judaism
Jainism
Buddhism
Christianity
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Buddhism is the most dominant religion in Thailand.
The vast majority of the population in Thailand practices Theravada Buddhism. It is deeply integrated into the culture and daily life of the country.
While other religions are practiced in Thailand, including Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism, Buddhism accounts for approximately 95% of the population, making it overwhelmingly dominant.

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