UPSC CISF-AC-EXE Archives

31. Which of the following statements according to the Constitution of Ind

Which of the following statements according to the Constitution of India is/are correct?

1. Equality before the law is available to the citizens of India only.
2. Equality of opportunity in the matters of public employment is available to citizens of India only.
3. Right to freedom of speech and expression is available to all persons residing in India.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only

2 only

3 only

1, 2 and 3

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Statement 2 is correct. Article 16, guaranteeing equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, is a fundamental right available only to citizens of India. Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect. Article 14 (Equality before law and equal protection of laws) is available to all ‘persons’ (citizens and non-citizens). Article 19 (which includes the right to freedom of speech and expression) is available only to ‘citizens’.

Some fundamental rights are available to all persons residing in India, while others are available exclusively to citizens. This distinction is based on the nature of the right.

Rights available only to citizens include those under Articles 15, 16, 19, 29, and 30. Rights available to both citizens and foreigners include those under Articles 14, 20, 21, 21A, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28.

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32. Which of the following statements about the territory of India is/are

Which of the following statements about the territory of India is/are correct?

1. It comprises of the territories of the States.
2. It comprises the Union Territories specified in the First Schedule.
3. It may include other acquired territories.

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1 only

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

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All three statements are correct according to Article 1(3) of the Constitution. Article 1(3) states that the territory of India shall comprise (a) the territories of the States, (b) the Union territories specified in the First Schedule, and (c) such other territories as may be acquired.

Article 1 defines the name and territory of the Union of India. The territory of India is a wider expression than the ‘Union of India’, which comprises only the States.

The power to acquire new territories is an inherent attribute of a sovereign state. The acquired territories become part of the territory of India and can be administered as Union Territories or integrated into existing States or formed as new States.

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33. Which of the following statements in respect of the Union of India is/

Which of the following statements in respect of the Union of India is/are correct?

1. The Union of India is more like the Canadian Federation than American.
2. Residuary powers are vested in the Union.
3. States of the Union of India have constitutional right to secede.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 only

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

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Answer is Wrong!

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Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Indian federation is often described as ‘quasi-federal’ or federal with a strong unitary bias, exhibiting features more aligned with the Canadian model (strong centre, residuary powers with the centre) than the American model (more autonomy to states, residuary powers with states). Article 248 of the Constitution explicitly vests residuary powers of legislation in the Union Parliament. Statement 3 is incorrect; the Indian Union is “indestructible”, and states do not have the right to secede.

India’s federal structure is characterized by a powerful central government. The Constitution clearly defines the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States but reserves ultimate power over unspecified matters to the Union.

Article 1 of the Constitution declares India as a “Union of States”, emphasizing that it is not a result of an agreement among states and that the states cannot secede.

34. The Preamble to the Constitution of India, as adopted on 26th November

The Preamble to the Constitution of India, as adopted on 26th November, 1949, originally described India as a

1. Sovereign republic
2. Democratic republic
3. Socialist republic
4. Secular republic

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only

1 and 2 only

2, 3 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4

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On 26th November, 1949, when the Constitution was adopted, the Preamble described India as a ‘Sovereign Democratic Republic’.

The words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ were added to the Preamble much later by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976.

The date 26th November, 1949 is celebrated as Constitution Day (Samvidhan Diwas). The Constitution came into full effect on 26th January, 1950.

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35. Which of the following legislatures passed the Indian Independence Act

Which of the following legislatures passed the Indian Independence Act, 1947?

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The British Parliament

The Indian Parliament

The British-Indian Parliament

The Central Legislative Assembly

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The Indian Independence Act, 1947 was passed by the British Parliament. This Act was the legal instrument by which British rule in India was ended and the two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, were created.

The Act received Royal Assent on 18th July 1947. It effectively implemented the partition plan announced by Lord Mountbatten.

The Act provided for the termination of British sovereignty over India, the partition of British India into two dominions, the abolition of the office of Viceroy, and the transfer of power to the constituent assemblies of the two new dominions.

36. Which one of the following Acts introduced ‘Dyarchy’ in the provinces?

Which one of the following Acts introduced ‘Dyarchy’ in the provinces?

The Government of India Act, 1919

The Government of India Act, 1935

The Indian Councils Act, 1909

The Indian Independence Act, 1947

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The Government of India Act, 1919 (also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) introduced the system of ‘Dyarchy’ in the provinces.

Dyarchy involved dividing provincial subjects into two lists: ‘reserved’ subjects (administered by the Governor and his Executive Council without responsibility to the legislature) and ‘transferred’ subjects (administered by the Governor on the advice of ministers responsible to the legislative council).

The main aim of Dyarchy was to gradually introduce a responsible government in the provinces. However, it faced several difficulties in implementation and was eventually abolished by the Government of India Act, 1935, which introduced provincial autonomy.

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37. Which one of the following Acts provided for the inclusion of certain

Which one of the following Acts provided for the inclusion of certain additional ‘non-official’ members in the Executive Council of the Governor-General for the first time?

The Indian Councils Act, 1861

The Government of India Act, 1919

The Government of India Act, 1858

The Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909

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The Indian Councils Act, 1861 provided for the inclusion of certain additional ‘non-official’ members in the Governor-General’s Council for legislative purposes for the first time. While the question mentions “Executive Council”, the 1861 Act introduced the concept of associating non-officials (Indians) with the legislative functions of the Governor-General’s Council.

The Act of 1861 initiated a system of involving Indians in the process of law-making through nomination of non-official members to the Legislative Council.

The Governor-General was empowered to nominate not less than six and not more than twelve additional members, of whom not less than half were to be non-official members, for the purpose of legislation. This Act also restored the legislative powers of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies.

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38. In 1967, which language was added to the list of major recognized Indi

In 1967, which language was added to the list of major recognized Indian languages by a Constitutional Amendment?

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Pashto

Sindhi

Garo

Konkani

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The 21st Constitutional Amendment Act of 1967 added Sindhi to the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution, which lists the major recognized Indian languages.

The Eighth Schedule originally listed 14 languages. Subsequent amendments increased the number of recognized languages.

Sindhi was the first language added to the Eighth Schedule after the original list. Later, Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (by 71st Amendment, 1992), and Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali (by 92nd Amendment, 2003) were added, bringing the current total to 22 languages.

39. In 1942, the Prati Sarkar was started in

In 1942, the Prati Sarkar was started in

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Belgaum in Karnataka

Chittagong in Bengal

Guntur in Andhra Pradesh

Satara in Maharashtra

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In 1942, the Prati Sarkar (parallel government) was started in Satara in Maharashtra.

– During the Quit India Movement of 1942, various forms of ‘parallel governments’ or ‘Prati Sarkars’ were established in several parts of India by nationalist activists who had gone underground.
– Prominent examples include the Prati Sarkar in Satara district, Maharashtra (led by leaders like Nana Patil and Y.B. Chavan), the Jatiya Sarkar in Tamluk, Midnapore district, Bengal (led by figures like Satish Chandra Samanta and Ajoy Mukherjee), and the government in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh (under Chittu Pandey for a short period).
– The Prati Sarkar in Satara was one of the most significant and long-lasting, operating for several years and undertaking constructive work as well as revolutionary activities.

These parallel governments aimed to undermine British authority, carry out local administration, dispense justice, and organize resistance, representing a significant phase of popular defiance during the Quit India Movement. Chittagong is famous for the 1930 armoury raid, not a 1942 parallel government. While activities happened in Belgaum and Guntur during Quit India, Satara’s Prati Sarkar is the most widely recognized example of this phenomenon from 1942.

40. The Asiatic Society of Bengal’ was founded by Sir William Jones in the

The Asiatic Society of Bengal’ was founded by Sir William Jones in the year

1782

1784

1786

1791

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The Asiatic Society of Bengal was founded by Sir William Jones in the year 1784.

– Sir William Jones, with the support of Warren Hastings (the then Governor-General of Bengal), founded the Asiatic Society in Calcutta on January 15, 1784.
– The society was established with the aim of promoting Oriental studies and conducting research into the history, antiquities, arts, sciences, and literature of Asia.
– It played a crucial role in unlocking India’s ancient past by translating and studying numerous Sanskrit and other Oriental texts.

The founding of the Asiatic Society marked the beginning of systematic Oriental scholarship in British India and was instrumental in creating a greater understanding of Indian culture and history among European scholars. Its publications, particularly the journal *Asiatick Researches*, were highly influential.

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