UPSC CDS-2

41. What is SWAYAM ?

What is SWAYAM ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds” option2=”Study Webs of Active-Learning for Youth Aspiring Minds” option3=”Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiration Mind” option4=”Study Webs of Active-Learning for Youth of Aspiration Minds” correct=”option1″]

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SWAYAM is an acronym for “Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds”. It is an Indian government initiative designed to achieve the three cardinal principles of education policy: access, equity, and quality.
SWAYAM is an online platform offering free access to courses from Class 9 to post-graduation, developed by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education) and AICTE with the help of Microsoft.
The courses hosted on SWAYAM are available free of cost to learners, however, learners wanting a SWAYAM certificate should register for the final exam that comes at a nominal fee and attend in-person at designated centers. The courses are delivered through four quadrants: (1) video lectures, (2) specially prepared reading material that can be downloaded/printed, (3) self-assessment tests through quizzes and tests, and (4) an online discussion forum for clearing doubts.

42. Which one of the following States does not have a Legislative Council

Which one of the following States does not have a Legislative Council ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Karnataka” option2=”Telangana” option3=”Jammu and Kashmir” option4=”Arunachal Pradesh” correct=”option4″]

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Among the given options, Arunachal Pradesh is a State that does not have a Legislative Council. The Constitution of India provides for the abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States under Article 169. Six Indian states currently have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Karnataka.
Article 169 of the Constitution allows for the creation or abolition of Legislative Councils in States.
Karnataka and Telangana are among the states that currently have Legislative Councils. Jammu and Kashmir, which previously had a Legislative Council as a State, was reorganized into a Union Territory in 2019 and its Legislative Council was abolished. Arunachal Pradesh has never had a Legislative Council.

43. Which of the following statements with regard to the ‘Make in India’ i

Which of the following statements with regard to the ‘Make in India’ initiative is/are correct ?

  • 1. It was launched in the year 2018.
  • 2. Its objective is to foster innovation.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option2″]

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Statement 1 is incorrect. The ‘Make in India’ initiative was launched by the Government of India on September 25, 2014, not 2018.
Statement 2 is correct. One of the key objectives of the ‘Make in India’ initiative is to foster innovation and encourage skill development in the country to boost manufacturing and make India a global design and manufacturing hub.
The ‘Make in India’ initiative was launched in 2014, and fostering innovation is one of its core objectives.
The ‘Make in India’ initiative aims to encourage companies to manufacture in India. It focuses on attracting foreign investment, simplifying business processes, developing infrastructure, and promoting innovation across 25 key sectors of the economy.

44. In December 1962, which Soviet leader declared that China was responsi

In December 1962, which Soviet leader declared that China was responsible for the Sino-Indian War of 1962?

[amp_mcq option1=”Khrushchev” option2=”Bulganin” option3=”Suslov” option4=”Malenkov” correct=”option1″]

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Following the 1962 Sino-Indian War, the Soviet Union’s initial neutral stance gradually shifted in favor of India. In a significant move in December 1962, the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev expressed views that implicitly criticized China and supported India’s position on the border dispute. This public shift highlighted the growing Sino-Soviet ideological split and Moscow’s strategic alignment with India.
Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Premier in 1962, publicly indicated Soviet support for India and criticized China after the Sino-Indian War.
The Soviet Union had significant strategic interests in maintaining good relations with India, which was a key non-aligned nation and a potential counterweight to both the Western bloc and increasingly, China. This stance marked a turning point in Soviet-Indian relations and further strained Soviet-Chinese ties.

45. ‘Chandimangala’ was composed in which one of the following languages d

‘Chandimangala’ was composed in which one of the following languages during the 16th century CE?

[amp_mcq option1=”Sanskrit” option2=”Tamil” option3=”Bengali” option4=”Oriya” correct=”option3″]

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‘Chandimangala’ is a major work within the genre of Mangal Kavya, which are narrative poems composed in medieval Bengal (typically between the 13th and 18th centuries) in praise of folk deities. These kavyas were written in the Bengali language. Notable composers of Chandimangala include Mukundaram Chakravarti (16th century) and Kavi Kankan Mukunda.
‘Chandimangala’ is a type of Mangal Kavya, a genre of devotional poetry composed in Bengali.
Mangal Kavyas are an important part of Bengali literature and represent the transition from Sanskrit-centric religious texts to vernacular literature accessible to a wider audience. They often combine mythological narratives with social observations and everyday life.

46. Who among the following started the Indian Agriculture Service?

Who among the following started the Indian Agriculture Service?

[amp_mcq option1=”Lord Curzon” option2=”William Bentinck” option3=”Lord Minto” option4=”Lord Rippon” correct=”option1″]

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Lord Curzon, during his tenure as Viceroy of India (1899-1905), initiated several administrative reforms aimed at improving efficiency and specializing services. Recognizing the importance of agriculture, he established the Department of Agriculture and proposed the creation of the Indian Agriculture Service to professionalize agricultural administration and research.
The establishment of the Indian Agriculture Service was initiated during the Viceroyalty of Lord Curzon.
Curzon’s period saw significant developments in agriculture, including the establishment of the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa. He was also responsible for the Famine Commission (1901), partition of Bengal (1905), and various measures concerning education, archaeology, and police.

47. Who was the author of the book ‘Plagues and Peoples’?

Who was the author of the book ‘Plagues and Peoples’?

[amp_mcq option1=”William H. McNeill” option2=”W.I. Thomas” option3=”Rachel Carson” option4=”David Cannadine” correct=”option1″]

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The book ‘Plagues and Peoples’, published in 1976, was written by the renowned historian William H. McNeill. The book is a pioneering work in the field of medical history and world history, examining how infectious diseases have influenced the course of human civilization and historical events throughout history.
William H. McNeill is the author of the influential book ‘Plagues and Peoples’.
Rachel Carson is famous for ‘Silent Spring’, a key work of the environmental movement. W.I. Thomas was an American sociologist. David Cannadine is a British historian, known for works on British social history and modern history.

48. The khuntkatti tenure was prevalent in which one of the following regi

The khuntkatti tenure was prevalent in which one of the following regions of India during the British Colonial Rule?

[amp_mcq option1=”Bundelkhand” option2=”Karnataka” option3=”Chota Nagpur” option4=”Madras Presidency” correct=”option3″]

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The khuntkatti tenure system was a traditional system of land ownership prevalent among the Munda tribe in the Chota Nagpur region of modern-day Jharkhand. Under this system, land was owned collectively by the Munda clan (kili), who cleared the forest and brought the land under cultivation. Individual families cultivated portions of this communal land, but ownership remained with the community. The British administration and the introduction of Zamindari system disrupted this communal ownership, leading to peasant discontent and revolts like the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) led by Birsa Munda in the late 19th century.
Khuntkatti tenure was a communal land ownership system specific to the Munda tribe in the Chota Nagpur area.
The Chota Nagpur region is located in eastern India, covering parts of Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. The other regions mentioned (Bundelkhand, Karnataka, Madras Presidency) had different prevailing land tenure systems like Ryotwari, Mahalwari, or different forms of Zamindari.

49. What was the Dutt-Bradley thesis?

What was the Dutt-Bradley thesis?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Working Committee of the Indian National Congress decided that Congress should play a crucial role in realising the independence of India” option2=”The Socialist party decided to play foremost part in anti-imperialist struggle” option3=”Revolutionary socialist Batukeshwar Dutt put forth a ten-point plan to work for the success of anti-imperialist front” option4=”It was a Communist party document, according to which the National Congress could play a great part and a foremost part in realising the anti-imperialist people’s front” correct=”option4″]

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The Dutt-Bradley Thesis, formulated by British communists R. Palme Dutt and Ben Bradley in 1936, was a significant document guiding the policy of the Communist Party of India (CPI). It argued that the Indian National Congress, despite being led by the bourgeoisie, represented a broad national force and could play a major role in the anti-imperialist struggle. The thesis advocated for communists to work within the Congress and form a united anti-imperialist front.
The Dutt-Bradley thesis was a Communist party document that analysed the role of the Indian National Congress in the anti-imperialist movement and advocated for unity with it.
This thesis marked a shift in the CPI’s strategy, moving away from earlier sectarianism towards a united front approach. It significantly influenced communist participation in the national movement in the late 1930s. Batukeshwar Dutt was a revolutionary contemporary of Bhagat Singh, not directly associated with this political thesis.

50. Which one of the following rivers takes a U-turn at Namcha Barwa and e

Which one of the following rivers takes a U-turn at Namcha Barwa and enters India?

[amp_mcq option1=”Ganga” option2=”Tista” option3=”Barak” option4=”Brahmaputra” correct=”option4″]

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The Brahmaputra river, known as Tsangpo in Tibet, flows eastward parallel to the main range of the Himalayas. Near the easternmost extent of the Himalayas, it encounters the peak of Namcha Barwa (7782m) in the Tibetan region. At this point, the river takes a sharp U-turn, forming a deep gorge (the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon), and enters Arunachal Pradesh in India, where it is known as Siang or Dihang, before being joined by other tributaries and becoming the Brahmaputra.
The Brahmaputra (Tsangpo) river makes a significant bend around the peak of Namcha Barwa before entering India.
The other rivers mentioned do not follow this course. The Ganga originates in the Himalayas in Uttarakhand and flows through the plains. The Teesta flows through Sikkim and West Bengal into Bangladesh, joining the Brahmaputra. The Barak River flows through Assam and Manipur into Bangladesh, forming part of the Surma-Meghna river system.
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