UPSC CDS-2

41. Which one of the following statements about Gupta coins is not

Which one of the following statements about Gupta coins is not correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”Gupta kings issued large number of gold coins known as Dinar.” option2=”Chandragupta II, Kumaragupta I, Skandagupta and Budhagupta issued silver coins.” option3=”The obverses of coins are carved with the images of the kings and on the reverse are carved deities.” option4=”The largest number of coins issued by the Guptas were of copper.” correct=”option4″]

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The statement that the largest number of coins issued by the Guptas were of copper is not correct.
The Gupta period is renowned for its extensive and high-quality gold coinage (Dinara). While the Guptas also issued silver and copper coins, gold coins were the most numerous and artistically significant during their rule, especially during the reigns of prominent rulers like Chandragupta II and Kumaragupta I.
Gupta kings issued a variety of gold coins depicting various royal activities and Hindu deities. Silver coins were introduced later, primarily after the conquest of the Western Kshatrapas. Copper coins were also issued but in smaller denominations and were generally less common than gold coins, particularly in the core regions of the empire.

42. In the Gandhara School of Art, initially blue schist and green phyllit

In the Gandhara School of Art, initially blue schist and green phyllite were used. When did stucco completely replace stone as main material used by Gandhara School sculptors?

[amp_mcq option1=”1st century CE” option2=”2nd century CE” option3=”3rd century CE” option4=”5th century CE” correct=”option3″]

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The use of stucco in Gandhara art significantly increased over time, gradually replacing stone as the primary medium.
Initially, the Gandhara School primarily used blue schist and green phyllite. Stucco, being more malleable and cheaper, became popular later, allowing for finer details and faster production. Its complete dominance as the main material is typically placed around the 3rd century CE.
Stucco (a mixture of lime plaster, sand, and water) was applied over a clay or mud core. It was particularly suited for representing drapery and facial expressions. While stucco began appearing earlier, its widespread use leading to the decline of stone carving marks a distinct phase in Gandhara art. This shift coincided with the Kushan period and continued into later centuries.

43. Which one of the following is not a fluvial landform?

Which one of the following is not a fluvial landform?

[amp_mcq option1=”Cirque” option2=”Gorge” option3=”Braids” option4=”Canyon” correct=”option1″]

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Fluvial landforms are geological features created by the action of flowing water, primarily rivers and streams. Gorges and Canyons are deep valleys carved by river erosion. Braids, specifically braided channels, are a type of river morphology characterized by multiple interwoven channels formed by the deposition and erosion of sediment by the river. A Cirque (also known as a corrie or cwm) is a bowl-shaped depression carved into a mountain side by glacial erosion, specifically at the head of a glacier. Therefore, a Cirque is a glacial landform, not a fluvial one.
– Fluvial landforms are shaped by rivers.
– Gorge, Canyon, and Braids are landforms created by rivers.
– A Cirque is a landform created by glaciers.
Examples of other fluvial landforms include V-shaped valleys, floodplains, meanders, oxbow lakes, deltas, alluvial fans, levees, and waterfalls. Glacial landforms include U-shaped valleys, moraines, drumlins, eskers, and tarns.

44. Which one of the following countries does not have Tundra vegetation?

Which one of the following countries does not have Tundra vegetation?

[amp_mcq option1=”Belarus” option2=”USA” option3=”Russia” option4=”Canada” correct=”option1″]

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Tundra vegetation is found in regions with very low temperatures and short growing seasons, typically in high latitudes (Arctic tundra) or high altitudes (Alpine tundra). Countries with significant Tundra areas include those with land extending into the Arctic region, such as Russia (Siberia, Arctic coast), Canada (Northern Territories, Nunavut), and the USA (Alaska). Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe with a temperate continental climate, characterized by forests and wetlands, not Tundra.
– Tundra biome occurs in cold climates with permafrost.
– Countries like Russia, Canada, and the USA have large areas of Tundra in their northern regions.
– Belarus is located in the temperate zone and lacks the necessary climatic conditions for Tundra.
Other areas with Tundra include parts of Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Alpine tundra occurs in high mountains at any latitude where temperatures are low enough.

45. The four planets closest to the Sun are called

The four planets closest to the Sun are called

[amp_mcq option1=”terrestrial planets” option2=”giant planets” option3=”dwarf planets” option4=”gas planets” correct=”option1″]

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The Solar System’s planets are broadly classified based on their composition and location. The four planets closest to the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These planets are primarily composed of rock and metal and have solid surfaces. They are called terrestrial planets, meaning ‘Earth-like’.
– The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
– They are characterized by solid, rocky surfaces.
– This class of planets is known as terrestrial planets.
The planets further from the Sun (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are much larger and consist mainly of gas and ice; they are known as giant planets, often subdivided into gas giants and ice giants. Dwarf planets are a distinct category of celestial bodies (like Pluto, Ceres, Eris).

46. Which one of the following is considered as the deepest point of the

Which one of the following is considered as the deepest point of the oceans?

[amp_mcq option1=”Tonga Trench” option2=”Mariana Trench” option3=”Philippine Trench” option4=”Kermadec Trench” correct=”option2″]

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The Mariana Trench, located in the western Pacific Ocean, is the deepest part of the world’s oceans. Its deepest point, known as the Challenger Deep, reaches a depth of about 10,984 meters (36,037 feet).
– The Mariana Trench is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth.
– The Challenger Deep within the Mariana Trench is the absolute deepest point.
The Tonga Trench is the second deepest trench, and the Philippine Trench and Kermadec Trench are also very deep trenches located in the Pacific Ocean, but none are as deep as the Mariana Trench. Oceanic trenches are formed by the subduction of one tectonic plate under another.

47. Which one of the following is not a major tectonic plate?

Which one of the following is not a major tectonic plate?

[amp_mcq option1=”Saudi Arabian plate” option2=”Antarctica and the surrounding oceanic plate” option3=”India-Australia-New Zealand plate” option4=”Pacific plate” correct=”option1″]

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The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several large and small tectonic plates. Major plates are generally considered the largest ones. The seven widely recognized major plates are: Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Indo-Australian (or Australian and Indian), and South American. The Saudi Arabian plate is considered a minor plate that is separating from the African plate.
– There are generally considered to be seven major tectonic plates.
– The options B, C, and D (Antarctic, India-Australia-New Zealand/Indo-Australian, Pacific) are all classified as major plates.
– The Saudi Arabian plate is classified as a minor plate.
Besides the seven major plates, there are numerous minor plates (e.g., Arabian, Caribbean, Nazca, Scotia, Philippine Sea) and microplates. Plate tectonics is the theory explaining the movement of these plates and the resulting geological activity.

48. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

List-I (Active Volcano) List-II (Location)
A. Mount Merapi 1. Hawaii
B. Sakurajima 2. Italy
C. Mount Vesuvius 3. Japan
D. Mauna Loa 4. Indonesia

[amp_mcq option1=”A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4″ option2=”A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4″ option3=”A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1″ option4=”A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2″ correct=”option3″]

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Matching the volcanoes with their locations:
– Mount Merapi is a very active volcano located in Indonesia.
– Sakurajima is an active composite volcano in Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.
– Mount Vesuvius is a famous volcano located near Naples in Italy.
– Mauna Loa is one of the five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the world’s largest volcano by mass and area.
Thus, the correct matching is A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.
– Mount Merapi: Indonesia
– Sakurajima: Japan
– Mount Vesuvius: Italy
– Mauna Loa: Hawaii (USA)
All listed volcanoes are known for their activity and geological significance. Understanding the location of major geographical features like volcanoes is important for world geography.

49. Which one of the following countries is not located on the Tropic of

Which one of the following countries is not located on the Tropic of Capricorn?

[amp_mcq option1=”Chile” option2=”Brazil” option3=”Paraguay” option4=”Uruguay” correct=”option4″]

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The Tropic of Capricorn is a line of latitude located at approximately 23.5 degrees South of the Equator. It passes through several countries in South America, Africa, and Australia. In South America, it passes through Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Uruguay is located entirely south of the Tropic of Capricorn, between approximately 30 and 35 degrees South latitude.
– The Tropic of Capricorn is at roughly 23.5° S latitude.
– It passes through Chile, Paraguay, and Brazil in South America.
– Uruguay lies south of this latitude.
Other countries the Tropic of Capricorn passes through include Argentina (South America), Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar (Africa), and Australia.

50. Who among the following is the architect of the Ram Temple being const

Who among the following is the architect of the Ram Temple being constructed at Ayodhya?

[amp_mcq option1=”P. O. Sompura” option2=”Chandrakant Sompura” option3=”Brinda Somaya” option4=”B. V. Doshi” correct=”option2″]

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The architect of the Ram Temple being constructed at Ayodhya is Chandrakant Sompura. He belongs to the Sompura family, traditionally known for designing temples. His father, P. O. Sompura, had initially prepared a design for the temple.
– Chandrakant Sompura designed the current structure of the Ram Temple.
– The Sompura family has a long history of temple architecture.
While P. O. Sompura created an earlier design, Chandrakant Sompura is credited with the design being used for the actual construction. Brinda Somaya is a contemporary Indian architect known for sustainable architecture and urban conservation. B. V. Doshi was a renowned Indian architect, a Pritzker Prize laureate, known for his contributions to Indian architecture, but not associated with the design of the Ayodhya Ram Temple.
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