UPSC CDS-2 Archives

41. Which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. Criminal law i

Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

1. Criminal law is exclusively a subject under the State List of the Constitution of India.
2. Code of Civil Procedure falls under the Concurrent List of the Constitution of India.

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1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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The correct option is B) 2 only.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Criminal Law is not exclusively a subject under the State List. Both ‘Criminal law’ and ‘Criminal procedure’ are subjects included in the Concurrent List (List III) of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India (Entries 1 and 2 respectively). This means both the Union Parliament and the State Legislatures can enact laws on these matters.
Statement 2 is correct. ‘Civil procedure’ is listed under Entry 13 of the Concurrent List (List III) of the Seventh Schedule. This includes the Code of Civil Procedure, meaning both the Parliament and State Legislatures have legislative competence over civil procedure.

The Seventh Schedule distributes legislative powers between the Union and the States. The Union List (List I) contains subjects on which Parliament has exclusive power. The State List (List II) contains subjects on which State Legislatures have exclusive power (under normal circumstances). The Concurrent List (List III) contains subjects on which both Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate, with Union law prevailing in case of inconsistency.

42. Who among the following stated that ‘A just society is that society in

Who among the following stated that ‘A just society is that society in which ascending sense of reverence and descending sense of contempt is dissolved into the creation of a compassionate society’ ?

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Vinoba Bhave

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

Rammanohar Lohia

Jayaprakash Narayan

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The correct option is B) Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar.

This profound statement is attributed to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. It encapsulates his vision of a truly just society, one that transcends the hierarchical structures of caste and status which lead to an “ascending sense of reverence” towards those deemed superior and a “descending sense of contempt” towards those deemed inferior. He believed that dissolving these feelings through the creation of a compassionate society based on equality was essential for justice.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a pivotal figure in India’s struggle for social justice and equality. As the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution, he played a crucial role in embedding principles of equality and non-discrimination into the supreme law of the land. His work and philosophy were dedicated to annihilating caste and establishing a society based on liberty, equality, and fraternity.

43. Which of the following areas has been exempted from the purview of the

Which of the following areas has been exempted from the purview of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 ?

Ladakh

Jammu and Kashmir

The Sixth Schedule Areas

The Fifth Schedule Areas

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The correct option is C) The Sixth Schedule Areas.

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 contains specific provisions for exemption. Section 6 of the Act states that nothing in this section shall apply to the tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram as included in the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution, and the area covered under ‘The Inner Line’ notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873. Therefore, the Sixth Schedule areas are explicitly exempted from the purview of the CAA 2019.

The purpose of exempting these areas is to protect the indigenous cultures, identities, land rights, and customary laws of the tribal populations living there, as enshrined in the special provisions for these regions. The Fifth Schedule areas, which pertain to the administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, are not exempted by the CAA 2019.

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44. Which one of the following UN organizations has not been awarded the N

Which one of the following UN organizations has not been awarded the Nobel Prize ?

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WFP

ILO

UNESCO

UNHCR

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UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has not been awarded the Nobel Prize.

– The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually to individuals or organizations who have done the most or best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.
– A) WFP (World Food Programme): Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020 for its efforts to combat hunger and its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas.
– B) ILO (International Labour Organization): Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969 for its work to promote fraternity and peace among nations by establishing social justice.
– C) UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization): UNESCO’s mission is to build peace through international cooperation in Education, Science and Culture. While its work contributes to peace, the organization itself has not been directly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
– D) UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees): Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice, in 1954 and 1981, for its work with refugees.

Several other UN related entities or personnel have received the Nobel Peace Prize, such as the UN Peacekeeping Forces (1988), Kofi Annan (UN Secretary-General, shared in 2001), and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is a UN body (shared in 2007). However, among the options provided, UNESCO is the organization that has not received the prize itself.

45. Which one among the following statements about the objectives of Vibra

Which one among the following statements about the objectives of Vibrant Village Programme is correct ?

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It is a Centrally sponsored scheme.

This programme was launched in 2021.

Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Manipur are the states selected under this scheme.

Villages of Uttar Pradesh along the Nepal border are selected as flagship villages under this scheme.

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The statement that Vibrant Village Programme is a Centrally sponsored scheme is correct.

– A) It is a Centrally sponsored scheme. The Vibrant Village Programme was announced in the Union Budget 2022-23 and is implemented as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, meaning the funding is shared between the Central Government and the State Governments. This statement is correct.
– B) This programme was launched in 2021. The programme was announced in the Union Budget 2022-23 and subsequently launched. Its period is for FY 2022-23 to 2025-26. So, launched in 2022-23, not 2021. This statement is incorrect.
– C) Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Manipur are the states selected under this scheme. The programme focuses on villages along the Northern border. The states/UT covered are Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Ladakh. Manipur is not along the Northern border with China and is not included in the list of states under this scheme. This statement is incorrect.
– D) Villages of Uttar Pradesh along the Nepal border are selected as flagship villages under this scheme. The programme targets villages along India’s Northern land border with China. Uttar Pradesh shares a border with Nepal, which is not the focus of this specific programme. This statement is incorrect.

The objective of VVP is comprehensive development of selected villages in 19 districts and 46 border blocks in the 4 states and 1 UT, with a focus on improving infrastructure and livelihood opportunities. This is aimed at preventing out-migration and strengthening the border area.

46. Which of the following are the components of the Indian Legal System ?

Which of the following are the components of the Indian Legal System ?

1. Basic values and principles enshrined in the Constitution
2. Rights and obligations conferred by ordinary statutes
3. Organizational set-up to enforce rights and obligations within the constitutional norms
4. Legal and judicial persons

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1, 2, 3 and 4

1, 2 and 4 only

1, 2 and 3 only

3 and 4 only

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Statements 1, 2, and 3 are components of the Indian Legal System. Statement 4 refers to actors/entities within the system.

– 1. Basic values and principles enshrined in the Constitution: The Constitution is the foundational document and supreme law of India. Its principles, such as rule of law, justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, and fundamental rights, form the bedrock of the legal system. This is a fundamental component. Correct.
– 2. Rights and obligations conferred by ordinary statutes: Laws passed by the Parliament and State Legislatures, along with subordinate legislation, define specific rights and obligations that individuals, corporations, and other entities must adhere to. This body of law is a crucial component. Correct.
– 3. Organizational set-up to enforce rights and obligations within the constitutional norms: This includes the judiciary (courts), the executive (government and administrative bodies), and law enforcement agencies (police). These institutions are responsible for interpreting and applying the law, resolving disputes, and ensuring compliance within the framework of the Constitution. This enforcement mechanism is essential to the functioning of any legal system. Correct.
– 4. Legal and judicial persons: This refers to the entities (natural persons, corporations) recognized by law that have rights and obligations, and the individuals (judges, lawyers) who operate the legal system. While integral to the *operation* of the system, they are better described as participants, actors, or subjects of the law and the judicial process, rather than foundational *components* of the system itself, which primarily consists of rules, principles, and structures.

The Indian legal system is a complex structure based on common law, civil law, and customary law, with the Constitution as its supreme authority. Its components include legal sources (Constitution, statutes, precedents), institutions (legislature, executive, judiciary), and processes (litigation, enforcement). Statement 4 describes who the law applies to and who administers the law, rather than the structure or content of the law itself.

47. Which one of the following is not among the thematic areas of National

Which one of the following is not among the thematic areas of National Mission on Sustainable Habitat ?

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Energy and Green Building

Mobility and Air Quality

Waste Management

Rural Planning, Green cover and Biodiversity

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Rural Planning, Green cover and Biodiversity is not among the thematic areas specifically listed for the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NMSH).

– The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NMSH) is one of the eight missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
– Its focus is on making cities sustainable through improvements in urban planning, energy efficiency, waste management, and transportation.
– The primary thematic areas generally include:
– Energy Efficiency in Buildings
– Sustainable Urban Transport
– Solid Waste Management
– Options A, B, and C relate directly to these core urban focus areas. “Energy and Green Building” covers energy efficiency in buildings. “Mobility and Air Quality” relates to sustainable urban transport and its impact. “Waste Management” covers solid waste management.
– Option D, “Rural Planning, Green cover and Biodiversity”, includes “Rural Planning” which is outside the scope of this mission, which is focused on *urban* habitats. While green cover and biodiversity can be aspects of urban planning, the inclusion of “Rural Planning” makes this option the one that does not fit the NMSH thematic areas.

Other missions under NAPCC focus on areas like sustainable agriculture, water, Himalayan ecosystem, strategic knowledge for climate change, etc. The NMSH aims to promote sustainable development in urban areas by improving energy efficiency, waste management, and public transport.

48. Consider the following statements: 1. The Flag Code of India supers

Consider the following statements:

1. The Flag Code of India superseded the ‘Flag Code-India’.
2. The state emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

– Statement 1: The Flag Code of India, 2002 is a compilation of laws, conventions, and practices that govern the display of the National Flag. It superseded the ‘Flag Code – India’ (an executive instruction issued by the Government of India) and also incorporates provisions of the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971. Thus, the Flag Code of India superseded the earlier framework, including the ‘Flag Code-India’. This statement is correct.
– Statement 2: The State Emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath. It features four Asiatic lions standing back to back on a circular abacus, with sculptures of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and a lion, separated by dharma chakras. This statement is correct.

The Flag Code of India came into effect on 26 January 2002, allowing the unrestricted display of the Tricolour by citizens and private organisations and educational institutions, provided they adhere to the provisions of the Code. The Lion Capital was adopted as the State Emblem of India on 26 January 1950, the day India became a Republic. Only three lions are visible from the front in the State Emblem.

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49. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

List-I
(Training Institute)

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A. National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes and Narcotics	1. Mussoorie
B. LBS National Academy of Administration	2. Shimla
C. National Academy of Audit and Accounts	3. Mumbai
D. All India Institute of Local Self Government	4. Palasamudram

Code :

3 2 1 4

3 1 2 4

4 1 2 3

4 2 1 3

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The correct match is A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3.

– A. National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes and Narcotics (NACIN): The main campus is located at Palasamudram, Andhra Pradesh.
– B. LBS National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA): This is the premier training institution for the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and other Group ‘A’ Central Civil Services. It is located in Mussoorie, Uttarakhand.
– C. National Academy of Audit and Accounts (NAAA): This is the training institution for the Indian Audit and Accounts Service (IA&AS). It is located in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.
– D. All India Institute of Local Self Government: This is an institute providing training, research, and consultancy in urban local governance. Its headquarters and main branch are located in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

These academies play a crucial role in training civil servants in India in their respective fields. NACIN trains officers of the Indian Revenue Service (Customs & Indirect Taxes), B-1 trains officers joining various civil services, C-2 trains officers of the Indian Audit and Accounts Service, and D-3 is dedicated to local self-governance.

50. In Sun-Earth system, the Sun, the Earth and the Lagrange point L4 form

In Sun-Earth system, the Sun, the Earth and the Lagrange point L4 form :

an isosceles triangle

an equilateral triangle

a straight line

a scalene triangle

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In the Sun-Earth system, the Sun, the Earth, and the Lagrange point L4 form an equilateral triangle.

– Lagrange points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of two large bodies, like the Sun and Earth, balance the centrifugal force on a smaller object, allowing the smaller object to remain in a stable position relative to the two large bodies.
– There are five such points (L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5).
– Points L4 and L5 are located 60 degrees ahead of and behind the smaller body (Earth in this case) in its orbit around the larger body (Sun), respectively.
– The distances from L4 (or L5) to the Sun and to the Earth are equal to the distance between the Sun and the Earth.
– This geometric arrangement forms an equilateral triangle with the two large bodies at two vertices and L4 (or L5) at the third vertex.

The L1, L2, and L3 points lie along the line connecting the two large bodies and are points of unstable equilibrium in practice, requiring station-keeping maneuvers. The L4 and L5 points are points of stable equilibrium for small objects orbiting within the system. Asteroids known as Trojans can be found orbiting in the vicinity of the L4 and L5 points of planet-Sun systems.

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