UPSC CDS-2

11. Who among the following formed the National Liberation Federation (Lib

Who among the following formed the National Liberation Federation (Liberal Party)?

Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das
Muhammad Ali and C. R. Das
T. B. Sapru and M. R. Jayakar
M. R. Jayakar and C. R. Das
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The National Liberation Federation (Liberal Party) was formed by Moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress who disagreed with the methods and goals of the Extremists and, later, Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement. Prominent figures who formed this federation after leaving the Congress in 1918 included Surendranath Banerjea, Tej Bahadur Sapru, V. S. Srinivasa Sastri, and M. R. Jayakar.
The Liberal Party advocated for constitutional methods and gradual progress towards self-government, distinguishing themselves from the more radical approaches gaining prominence in the Congress after Gandhi’s rise.
Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das were leaders of the Swaraj Party, which emerged from within the Congress after differences over council entry following the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Muhammad Ali was a prominent leader of the Khilafat Movement and the Congress.

12. Who among the following was the first to accept a ministerial position

Who among the following was the first to accept a ministerial position in the Central Provinces in October 1925?

B. S. Moonje
M. R. Jayakar
S. B. Tambe
B. N. Sasmal
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The first prominent Swarajist leader to accept a ministerial position in the Central Provinces was S. B. Tambe. In October 1925, he accepted the position of an Executive Councillor, which was seen as a departure from the Swarajist strategy of obstructing the government from within the councils without taking office.
S. B. Tambe’s acceptance of an Executive Council position led to significant debate within the Swaraj Party and the Congress, particularly criticizing the leadership of C. R. Das (though Das had passed away earlier in 1925) and Motilal Nehru on the strategy of council entry and obstruction.
Other Swarajist leaders like M. R. Jayakar and N. C. Kelkar later resigned from the Bombay Legislative Council over similar issues, further highlighting the divisions within the party regarding cooperation with the government under the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.

13. After the First World War, the Triveni Sangh was formed by

After the First World War, the Triveni Sangh was formed by

the Jats and Gujjars
the Rajputs and Yadavas
the Jats and Yadavas
the Ahirs and Kurmis
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The Triveni Sangh was a political organization formed by the Ahirs (Yadavas) and Kurmis, along with Koeris, in Bihar.
The Triveni Sangh was founded in the 1930s in Bihar. It represented the interests of three intermediate peasant castes: Yadavas (also known as Ahirs), Kurmis, and Koeris. These communities sought to challenge the dominance of upper castes in the social and political structure.
The Sangh aimed for social equality, political power, and economic upliftment for these communities. It contested elections but faced significant opposition. Option D lists Ahirs (Yadavas) and Kurmis, two of the three core constituent castes of the Triveni Sangh, making it the most accurate option among the choices provided.

14. Who among the following founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Defence

Who among the following founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Defence Association (1893)?

Auckland Colvin
Badruddin Tyabji
Theodore Beck
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
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Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Defence Association in 1893.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan established this association with the objective of protecting the political rights of Muslims and consolidating Muslim opinion against joining the Indian National Congress. He believed that representative government based on elections would lead to Hindu majority dominance, which he perceived as detrimental to Muslim interests.
Auckland Colvin was a British official who supported Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. Badruddin Tyabji was one of the early presidents of the Indian National Congress and advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity within the Congress framework. Theodore Beck was the principal of Aligarh College and a close associate of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, also involved in his political activities.

15. Which one of the following was not a demand made by the Congress

Which one of the following was not a demand made by the Congress moderates?

Universal adult franchise
Repeal of the Arms Act
Extension of Permanent Settlement
Higher jobs for Indians in the army
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Universal adult franchise was not a demand made by the Congress moderates.
The early Congress moderates (roughly 1885-1905) primarily sought constitutional reforms, including a larger share for Indians in the administration and legislative councils, but based on limited franchise (often property or education based), not universal adult suffrage. Universal adult franchise became a core demand of the nationalist movement later.
The moderates did demand the repeal of discriminatory laws like the Arms Act. They also advocated for the Indianization of services and higher jobs for Indians, including in the army. While the demand regarding the extension of Permanent Settlement was not universally supported and had complexities, it was sometimes part of the discourse among certain sections of the Congress. However, universal adult franchise was clearly beyond the scope of the moderate demands of that era.

16. During the 19th century, who among the following wrote Satapatra

During the 19th century, who among the following wrote Satapatra Series?

M. G. Ranade
B. G. Tilak
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
G. H. Deshmukh
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During the 19th century, G. H. Deshmukh wrote the Satapatra Series.
Gopal Hari Deshmukh, known by his pen name ‘Lokahitawadi’, wrote a series of letters exposing the evils of Hindu society, published in the Marathi weekly ‘Prabhakar’. These letters, known as ‘Shatapatre’ or ‘Satapatra’ (hundred letters), were written between 1848 and 1850.
M. G. Ranade was a prominent social reformer and moderate leader. B. G. Tilak was a prominent nationalist leader and a key figure in the extremist faction of the Congress. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was a famous Bengali writer and composer of Vande Mataram. While all were significant figures of the 19th century, the ‘Satapatra’ series is specifically associated with Gopal Hari Deshmukh.

17. The largest barrier reef system in the world is found at

The largest barrier reef system in the world is found at

East Australian Coast
West Australian Coast
North Australian Coast
South Australian Coast
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The largest barrier reef system in the world, the Great Barrier Reef, is found off the East Australian Coast.
The Great Barrier Reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia. It stretches for over 2,300 kilometers.
While the option “East Australian Coast” is general, the reef is specifically located in the northeast. However, among the given options, “East Australian Coast” is the correct geographical area distinguishing it from the west, north, or south coasts where such a large barrier reef system is not found.

18. Buenos Aires and Montevideo are situated across the banks of

Buenos Aires and Montevideo are situated across the banks of

River Plate
Orinoco River
Purus River
Madeira River
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Buenos Aires and Montevideo are situated across the banks of the River Plate.
The River Plate, known as Río de la Plata in Spanish, is a large estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Paraná River. Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, is located on its western bank, and Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, is located on its northern bank.
The Orinoco River is primarily in Venezuela and Colombia. The Purus River and Madeira River are major tributaries of the Amazon River, located in the Amazon basin. None of these rivers are associated with the location of Buenos Aires and Montevideo.

19. Which one among the following Union Territories of India is the smalle

Which one among the following Union Territories of India is the smallest in geographical area?

Chandigarh
Puducherry
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Lakshadweep
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Lakshadweep is the smallest Union Territory of India in terms of geographical area.
The total geographical area of Lakshadweep is approximately 32 square kilometers.
Comparing the approximate areas of the other options: Chandigarh is about 114 sq km, Puducherry is about 490 sq km (spread across four districts), and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is about 603 sq km. Lakshadweep’s area is significantly smaller than the others listed.

20. Climax mine, the largest producer of molybdenum, is located in

Climax mine, the largest producer of molybdenum, is located in

Canada
USA
Australia
South Africa
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The Climax mine, a major producer of molybdenum, is located in the USA.
The Climax mine is situated in Colorado, United States, and historically has been one of the world’s largest primary molybdenum mines.
Molybdenum is a metallic element used in alloys to increase strength, toughness, electrical conductivity, and resistance to corrosion and wear. While molybdenum is mined in various countries including Canada, Chile, and China, the Climax mine in the US is particularly famous for its significant production capacity.
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