UPSC CAPF

21. SAUBHAGYA, a Central Government scheme, is related to

SAUBHAGYA, a Central Government scheme, is related to

providing cash money to women giving birth of single female child
connecting kitchen of every house-hold with piped cooking gas
strengthening and augmenting infrastructure for piped water supply
achieving universal household electrification in the country
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The correct option is D.
SAUBHAGYA is the acronym for Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana. This scheme was launched by the Government of India in 2017 with the objective of achieving universal household electrification in the country. It aimed to provide electricity connections to all remaining unelectrified households in rural and urban areas.
The scheme involved identifying unelectrified households, wiring their homes, and providing electricity connections. It included provisions for free connections for poor households and nominal charges for others, which could be paid in installments. The scheme significantly increased the number of electrified households in India.

22. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

List I
(Name of Shifting
Cultivation)		 List II
(Country)
A. Milpa 1. Zaire
B. Ladang 2. Brazil
C. Rocca 3. Malaysia
D. Masole 4. Mexico

Code :

4 3 2 1
4 2 3 1
1 2 3 4
1 3 2 4
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The correct option is A.
The question asks to match different local names of shifting cultivation with the countries where they are practiced.
A. Milpa is a term for shifting cultivation used in Mexico and other parts of Central America. So, A matches 4.
B. Ladang is a term used for shifting cultivation, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia (Southeast Asia). So, B matches 3.
C. Rocca is the term for shifting cultivation in Brazil (South America). So, C matches 2.
D. Masole is a term used for shifting cultivation in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo) and other parts of Central Africa. So, D matches 1.
Shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is a form of agriculture in which a plot of land is cleared and cultivated for a short period of time, then abandoned and allowed to revert to its natural vegetation while the cultivator moves to a new plot. It is practiced in tropical regions around the world and has various local names.

23. Which of the following statement(s) regarding promulgation of ordinanc

Which of the following statement(s) regarding promulgation of ordinance is/are correct ?

  • 1. President can promulgate ordinances which are of temporary duration
  • 2. An ordinance promulgated by the President has to be ratified by Parliament within six weeks of its re-assembly

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The correct option is C.
Statement 1 is correct: Article 123 of the Constitution empowers the President to promulgate ordinances when both Houses of Parliament are not in session, or when either of the two Houses is not in session, and circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action. These ordinances have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament but are temporary laws.
Statement 2 is correct: An ordinance promulgated by the President must be laid before both Houses of Parliament when they re-assemble. It ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the re-assembly of Parliament, or if before the expiration of that period resolutions disapproving it are passed by both Houses. The period of six weeks is calculated from the date on which the Houses of Parliament re-assemble, or from the date on which the later of the Houses meets if they re-assemble on different dates.
The maximum life of an ordinance can be six months and six weeks (assuming Parliament does not reassemble for six months and then takes the maximum allowed time of six weeks to approve or disapprove it). Ordinances can be withdrawn by the President at any time.

24. Which of the following statement(s) regarding passing a law under the

Which of the following statement(s) regarding passing a law under the State List is/are correct ?

  • 1. Even in the sphere (State List) exclusively reserved for the States, Parliament can legislate under certain circumstances
  • 2. Parliament cannot legislate a subject under the State List under any circumstances
  • 3. A resolution supported by two-thirds of the members present and voting is required to be passed by Rajya Sabha to pass a law under the State List

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 2 and 3
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1 only
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The correct option is C.
Statement 1 is correct: Parliament can legislate on State List subjects under certain exceptional circumstances, such as when the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution declaring that it is necessary or expedient in the national interest (Article 249), during a Proclamation of Emergency (Article 250), when two or more states request Parliament to legislate on a State subject for them (Article 252), or for implementing international treaties (Article 253).
Statement 2 is incorrect: As explained above, Parliament can legislate on State List subjects under specific circumstances.
Statement 3 is correct: Article 249 allows Parliament to legislate on a State List subject if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting, declaring it necessary or expedient in the national interest for Parliament to do so.
Laws made by Parliament under Article 249 remain in force for a specified period (up to one year at a time), while those under Article 250 are valid during the Emergency. Laws under Article 252 apply only to the states which have requested the legislation, and any other state which adopts it subsequently. Laws under Article 253 are made to give effect to international agreements or conventions.

25. As per provisions of the Constitution of India, which one of the follo

As per provisions of the Constitution of India, which one of the following is correct ?

Only Parliament has the power to legislate over a subject under the Concurrent List
Both Parliament and State Legislatures have the power to legislate over a subject under the Concurrent List
A legislation made under the Concurrent List by Parliament should be ratified by half of the State Legislatures so as to become a law of the country
Only State Legislatures are empowered to make laws under Concurrent List
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The correct option is B.
The Constitution of India places subjects under three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. The Union List contains subjects on which only the Parliament can legislate. The State List contains subjects on which only the State Legislatures can legislate under normal circumstances. The Concurrent List contains subjects on which both the Parliament and the State Legislatures can legislate.
Article 246 of the Constitution deals with the subject matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States, specifying the subjects in the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. In case of a conflict between a central law and a state law on a subject in the Concurrent List, the central law generally prevails (Article 254), unless the state law has received the assent of the President.

26. In relation to the powers of the Union Government of India, which one

In relation to the powers of the Union Government of India, which one of the following statements is NOT correct?

The Government of India may undertake legislative functions of a territory outside of India by agreement with the Government of that territory
The Union Government may not entrust a State Government with functions over matters where executive power of the Union extends
The Union Government may direct States for construction and maintenance of means of communication of military importance
The Governor may, with consent of Government of India, entrust its officers with functions on matters which fall within the executive power of the State
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Statement B is incorrect. Article 258(1) of the Constitution explicitly states that the President may, with the consent of the Government of a State, entrust either conditionally or unconditionally to that Government or to its officers functions in relation to any matter to which the executive power of the Union extends. This provision allows the Union Government to delegate executive functions to the states.
Articles 256 to 263 in Part XI of the Constitution deal with administrative relations between the Union and the States. They provide for cooperation and distribution of executive functions. Article 258 and Article 258A allow for the mutual entrustment of functions between the Union and the States with their respective consents.
Statement A is correct based on Article 260, which deals with the Union’s jurisdiction over territories outside India. Statement C is correct based on Article 257(2), which allows the Union to give directions to states regarding means of communication of national or military importance. Statement D is a slightly confusing phrasing but likely refers to the State’s power under Article 258A (inserted by the 7th Amendment), which states that a State may, with the consent of the Government of India, entrust to the Union Government or its officers functions in relation to any matter to which the executive power of the State extends. This is a State’s power, not a Union’s power *over* states, but B is a clear misstatement about a specific power the Union possesses.

27. At which one of the following places is the Vitthala temple located?

At which one of the following places is the Vitthala temple located?

Elephanta
Chidambaram
Hampi
Nagarjunakonda
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The Vitthala Temple complex is located in Hampi, Karnataka. Hampi was the capital of the powerful Vijayanagara Empire (14th to 16th centuries). The Vitthala Temple is one of the most magnificent structures in Hampi, known for its impressive architecture, intricate carvings, musical pillars, and the iconic stone chariot.
Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, preserving the ruins of the Vijayanagara capital. The Vitthala Temple is a major highlight of the site, showcasing the architectural prowess of the Vijayanagara period.
Elephanta caves are near Mumbai, famous for Shaivite rock-cut architecture. Chidambaram is in Tamil Nadu, home to the famous Thillai Nataraja Temple (Shiva as the cosmic dancer). Nagarjunakonda is an archaeological site in Andhra Pradesh, known for ancient Buddhist structures from the Ikshvaku dynasty period.

28. Consider the following statements about the Lingayats : 1. They bury t

Consider the following statements about the Lingayats :
1. They bury their dead
2. They are great believers in the caste system, especially in the theory of purity and pollution
3. They are against child marriage and favour widow remarriage

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2
1 only
2 and 3
1 and 3
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Statement 1 is correct. Lingayats, unlike most other Hindu communities in India, typically bury their dead instead of cremating them. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Lingayat movement, founded by Basava in the 12th century, explicitly challenged the caste system, rejected the authority of the Vedas, and opposed Brahminical rituals and the concept of purity and pollution associated with caste. They preached equality among all adherents. Statement 3 is correct. The Lingayat movement advocated for social reforms, including opposition to child marriage and promotion of widow remarriage, which were radical stances at the time.
The Lingayat movement (also known as Virashaivism) originated in Karnataka in the 12th century under the leadership of Basava and his followers (Sharana movement). It is a distinctive tradition within Shaivism, emphasizing devotion to Shiva in the form of Ishalinga worn on the body.
Lingayats are a significant community in Karnataka. While the movement started as a reformist one rejecting caste, over time, internal social stratification did emerge within the community, although the foundational philosophy remained anti-caste and socially reformist.

29. Which one of the following is the correct description of Kandaria

Which one of the following is the correct description of Kandaria Mahadeo?

A Shiva temple at Elephanta
The title of a work by Bhatti
The capital of Chandella kings
A temple at Khajuraho
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Kandariya Mahadeo is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in the Khajuraho complex in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is one of the largest and most ornate temples built by the Chandella rulers between 1025 and 1050 AD. It is renowned for its extensive carvings and elaborate architecture, representing the pinnacle of Chandella temple building.
The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its temples famous for their Nagara style architecture and erotic sculptures. The Kandariya Mahadeo temple is the most prominent structure within this complex.
Elephanta refers to caves near Mumbai known for rock-cut sculptures, predominantly dedicated to Shiva. Bhatti was a Sanskrit poet (possibly 6th or 7th century CE), author of the Bhatti-kavya or Ravanavadha. The Chandella kings were a Rajput dynasty who ruled parts of central India during the medieval period and are famous for building the temples at Khajuraho. Option D correctly identifies the location and nature of Kandariya Mahadeo.

30. Who among the following is the author of the Kiratarjuniya?

Who among the following is the author of the Kiratarjuniya?

Magha
Bharavi
Bhasa
Bhavabhuti
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The Kiratarjuniya is a celebrated work of classical Sanskrit poetry (maha-kavya). It was written by Bharavi in the 6th century CE. The epic poem narrates the battle between Arjuna (disguised as a hunter) and Shiva (disguised as a Kirata or mountain-dweller).
Bharavi is known for his complex and ornate style, particularly his mastery of language and metre. The Kiratarjuniya is considered one of the great Sanskrit epics, alongside Kalidasa’s works and Magha’s Shishupala Vadha.
Magha was another prominent Sanskrit poet, author of Shishupala Vadha. Bhasa was an early Sanskrit playwright. Bhavabhuti was a Sanskrit playwright of the 8th century, known for plays like Uttararamacharita. These are all significant figures in Sanskrit literature, but Kiratarjuniya is definitively attributed to Bharavi.
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