UPSC NDA-2

11. The founders of the Paramhansa Mandali founded in Maharashtra believed

The founders of the Paramhansa Mandali founded in Maharashtra believed in which one of the following?

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Social distancing along caste lines
Glorification of caste system
Forbidding widow remarriage
One God and in breaking caste rules
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The Paramhansa Mandali was a secret society founded in 1849 in Maharashtra. Its founders were influenced by the Derozians and believed in monotheism and were primarily concerned with the abolition of caste.
Paramhansa Mandali focused on religious and social reform, particularly challenging the caste system.
Members of the Mandali took food cooked by people of lower castes in their meetings to signify their commitment to breaking caste rules. They also advocated for widow remarriage and education for women, going against orthodox Hindu practices.

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12. Which of the following statements about Mahatma Gandhi’s anti-untoucha

Which of the following statements about Mahatma Gandhi’s anti-untouchability campaign is/are correct ?

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  • 1. The All India Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded for this purpose.
  • 2. The campaign was to root out untouchability, since it did not enjoy the sanction of the Hindu shastras.

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Both statements about Mahatma Gandhi’s anti-untouchability campaign are correct.
Gandhi launched a significant movement against untouchability, terming the untouchables ‘Harijans’ (children of God).
Statement 1: The All India Harijan Sevak Sangh was indeed founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 to work for the eradication of untouchability and the welfare of the untouchables. Statement 2: Gandhi argued vehemently that untouchability was a blot on Hinduism and was not sanctioned by the true spirit or correct interpretation of the Hindu shastras. He sought to reform Hinduism from within and persuade caste Hindus to abandon this practice on moral and religious grounds.

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13. Which of the following statements about the first Indian Factory Act p

Which of the following statements about the first Indian Factory Act passed in 1881 is/are correct ?

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  • 1. The Act dealt primarily with the problem of child labour.
  • 2. The Act laid down that children between 7 years and 12 years of age would not work for more than 9 hours a day.

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Both statements are correct regarding the first Indian Factory Act of 1881.
The Act of 1881 was the first legislation in British India aimed at improving labour conditions, primarily focusing on child labour.
Specifically, the Act prohibited the employment of children below the age of 7 in factories. It limited the working hours for children between 7 and 12 years of age to a maximum of 9 hours per day. It also mandated four holidays per month for children and required fencing off dangerous machinery.

14. The periodic rise and fall of ocean water in response to gravitational

The periodic rise and fall of ocean water in response to gravitational forces is called

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Current
Waves
Tides
Tsunami
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Tides are the periodic rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun, and the rotation of the Earth.
Gravitational forces from the Moon and Sun are the primary drivers of tides.
Ocean currents are continuous, directed movement of sea water. Waves are disturbances on the surface of water bodies. A tsunami is a series of large waves caused by earthquakes or other underwater disturbances.

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15. Which one of the following is the longest parallel of latitude ?

Which one of the following is the longest parallel of latitude ?

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Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Arctic Circle
Equator
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The Earth is roughly spherical, and parallels of latitude are circles drawn parallel to the Equator. The circumference of these circles decreases as they move away from the Equator towards the poles. The Equator itself is the largest circle of latitude, dividing the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
The Equator is the 0-degree parallel of latitude and has the largest circumference among all parallels.
The Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N), Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S), Arctic Circle (66.5° N), and Antarctic Circle (66.5° S) are all parallels of latitude, but their lengths are progressively shorter than the Equator.

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16. Which one of the following coalfields is not located in Jharkhand ?

Which one of the following coalfields is not located in Jharkhand ?

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Jharia
Ramgarh
Deogarh
Umaria
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Jharkhand is a state rich in mineral resources, particularly coal. Major coalfields located in Jharkhand include Jharia, Bokaro, Ramgarh, Karanpura, Giridih, Daltonganj, etc.
Checking the options:
– Jharia is a major coalfield located in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand.
– Ramgarh is a coalfield located in Ramgarh district, Jharkhand.
– Deogarh district in Jharkhand is part of the Rajmahal Hills coal region, although “Deogarh coalfield” as a specific major field is less commonly listed compared to Jharia or Ramgarh. However, coal is found in the Deogarh-Rajmahal belt.
– Umaria is a town and district in Madhya Pradesh, which has a notable coalfield known as Umaria Coalfield, part of the larger Sohagpur basin.
Thus, Umaria coalfield is not located in Jharkhand.
– Jharkhand is the largest coal-producing state in India.
– Major coalfields in Jharkhand are Jharia, Bokaro, Ramgarh, Karanpura, etc.
– Umaria is a coalfield located in Madhya Pradesh.
Other significant coal-producing states in India include Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh. Knowledge of the location of major mineral deposits is important for geography and economic studies.

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17. Which of the following pairs of crop and product is/are correctly matc

Which of the following pairs of crop and product is/are correctly matched ?

  • 1. Food crop : Ragi
  • 2. Cash crop : Jute
  • 3. Plantation crop : Coconut

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1 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
3 only
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Let’s examine each pair:
1. Food crop : Ragi – Ragi (Finger Millet) is a cereal grain that is primarily cultivated for human consumption as food. This pairing is correct.
2. Cash crop : Jute – Jute is a fibre crop grown for sale rather than for local consumption. It is a significant cash crop in states like West Bengal and Bihar. This pairing is correct.
3. Plantation crop : Coconut – Coconut palms are typically grown in large estates or plantations, especially in coastal regions. Crops grown on a large estate are classified as plantation crops. This pairing is correct.
All three pairs are correctly matched.
– Food crops are grown primarily for direct human consumption (cereals, pulses, vegetables, etc.).
– Cash crops are grown primarily for sale in the market (jute, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, spices, etc.).
– Plantation crops are grown on extensive farms or estates, often for export or industrial processing (tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, spices like cardamom and pepper, etc.).
Crop classification can sometimes overlap (e.g., some food crops can also be cash crops if grown commercially). However, the given examples fit the classifications well.

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18. The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through which one of the following

The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through which one of the following States ?

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Manipur
West Bengal
Gujarat
Jharkhand
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The Tropic of Cancer (23.5° North latitude) passes through eight Indian states. These are, from west to east: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Checking the given options:
– Manipur is located to the north-east of Mizoram, but it is south of Arunachal Pradesh and significantly north of the equator. The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through Manipur.
– West Bengal is one of the states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes.
– Gujarat is the westernmost state through which the Tropic of Cancer passes.
– Jharkhand is one of the states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes.
Therefore, the Tropic of Cancer does not pass through Manipur.
– The Tropic of Cancer is an important latitude marker.
– Knowing the states through which it passes is essential for Indian geography.
– The 8 states are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Agartala (Tripura) and Aizawl (Mizoram) are state capitals located close to the Tropic of Cancer. The Tropic of Cancer also roughly divides India into a tropical zone (south) and a subtropical zone (north).

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19. In which one of the following years did the British demarcate a large

In which one of the following years did the British demarcate a large area of land as Damin-i-koh for settling the Santhals ?

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1810
1793
1885
1832
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The British demarcated the Damin-i-koh (meaning ‘skirt of the hills’) in the Rajmahal Hills area (present-day Jharkhand) specifically for settling Santhals. This was part of a strategy starting in the 1830s to expand settled agriculture, control the hill tribes, and increase revenue collection. The demarcation and settlement process for Damin-i-koh began around 1832.
– Damin-i-koh was a special territory created by the British in the Rajmahal Hills.
– It was intended for the settlement of Santhals and the promotion of settled agriculture.
– The policy led to the Santhal Rebellion in 1855-56 due to exploitation by zamindars and moneylenders who infiltrated the area.
The creation of Damin-i-koh involved clearing forests and bringing land under cultivation. The Santhals were encouraged to settle there with favourable initial terms, but gradually, the influx of outsiders and oppressive policies led to their revolt.

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20. Which one of the following statements about Tattvabodhini Patrika is c

Which one of the following statements about Tattvabodhini Patrika is correct ?

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It promoted a systematic study of India's past in the Bengali language.
It promoted a systematic study of India's past through Sanskrit sources.
It promoted a systematic study of India's past through Persian sources.
It promoted a systematic study of India's past through Western sources.
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Tattvabodhini Patrika was the mouthpiece of the Tattvabodhini Sabha, founded by Debendranath Tagore in 1839. The Sabha and the Patrika played a crucial role in the Bengal Renaissance. The Patrika, published in Bengali, aimed to promote rational thinking, Vedantic philosophy, and a critical study of Indian history, literature, and science. It encouraged a systematic study of India’s past, often countering the narratives put forth by missionaries and colonial rulers, and contributed significantly to the development of Bengali prose.
– Tattvabodhini Patrika was a prominent Bengali journal of the 19th century.
– It was associated with the Tattvabodhini Sabha.
– It promoted rational thought, social reform, and a study of India’s heritage.
– It was instrumental in Bengali intellectual discourse.
Akshay Kumar Datta was a notable editor of the Tattvabodhini Patrika. The journal covered a wide range of subjects including philosophy, science, history, geography, literature, and social issues, all presented through the lens of rational inquiry and Bengali language.

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