UPSC IAS

41. Consider the following statements : The India-Africa Summit 1. held

Consider the following statements :
The India-Africa Summit

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  • 1. held in 2015 was the third such Summit
  • 2. was actually initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1951

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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UPSC IAS – 2016
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Statement 1 is correct, while statement 2 is incorrect. The first India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) was held in New Delhi in 2008. The second was in Addis Ababa in 2011, and the third was in New Delhi in 2015. Therefore, the 2015 summit was indeed the third such summit.
The India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) is the official platform for the India-Africa partnership. It was established in 2008.
While India under Jawaharlal Nehru was a strong proponent of Afro-Asian solidarity and decolonization, establishing early diplomatic ties with newly independent African nations, the specific format of the ‘India-Africa Forum Summit’ as a structured, recurring meeting between India and African heads of state/government is a modern initiative, not dating back to 1951. The Bandung Conference of 1955 is a significant historical example of Afro-Asian cooperation championed by Nehru.

42. With reference to the ‘Trans-Pacific Partnership’, consider the follow

With reference to the ‘Trans-Pacific Partnership’, consider the following statements:

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  • 1. It is an agreement among all the Pacific Rim countries except China and Russia.
  • 2. It is a strategic alliance for the purpose of maritime security only.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was a comprehensive trade agreement involving several countries around the Pacific Rim.
Statement 1 is incorrect. The TPP involved 12 specific countries (Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, United States). While it did exclude China and Russia, it did not include *all* Pacific Rim countries (many others were not members).
Statement 2 is incorrect. The TPP was primarily an economic agreement focused on trade liberalization, reducing tariffs, and setting common standards across various sectors like intellectual property, labor, and environmental regulations. While economic cooperation can have strategic implications, it was not solely or primarily a strategic alliance for maritime security.
The United States withdrew from the TPP in 2017. The remaining 11 countries proceeded with a revised agreement called the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which came into effect in 2018.

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43. With reference to the ‘Gram Nyayalaya Act’, which of the following sta

With reference to the ‘Gram Nyayalaya Act’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

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  • 1. As per the Act, Gram Nyayalayas can hear only civil cases and not criminal cases.
  • 2. The Act allows local social activists as mediators/reconciliators.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008, was enacted by the Parliament of India to provide for the establishment of Gram Nyayalayas (Village Courts) at the grassroots level for the purpose of providing access to justice to the citizens at their doorstep.
Statement 1 is incorrect. As per the Act, Gram Nyayalayas have jurisdiction over both civil and criminal cases. They can hear petty criminal cases, civil disputes, and cases under certain specific acts.
Statement 2 is correct. The Act explicitly provides for the appointment of conciliators from among local social workers, who can assist the Nyayalaya in amicable settlement of disputes.
Gram Nyayalayas are presided over by a Nyayadhikari, who is appointed by the State Government in consultation with the High Court and holds the rank of a Judicial Magistrate of the First Class. Their proceedings are expected to be summary in nature.

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44. Who of the following had first deciphered the edicts of Emperor

Who of the following had first deciphered the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?

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Georg Bühler
James Prinsep
Max Müller
William Jones
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Emperor Ashoka’s edicts were inscribed on pillars and rocks throughout his empire in various scripts, primarily Brahmi and Kharosthi.
The first person to successfully decipher the ancient Brahmi script, which allowed for the reading and understanding of Ashoka’s edicts, was James Prinsep. Prinsep, an English scholar and antiquary, made this breakthrough in the 1830s while working as an assay master at the Calcutta Mint.
His decipherment of Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts was a monumental achievement that unlocked vast amounts of information about ancient Indian history, particularly the Mauryan period under Ashoka. Other scholars listed contributed significantly to Indology but were not the first to decipher Ashoka’s edicts.

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45. Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally

Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally

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agriculturists
warriors
weavers
traders
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Banjaras were a historical nomadic community in India.
During the medieval period and earlier, they were primarily known for their role as itinerant traders and transporters. They moved in large groups called Tandas, carrying goods, especially grain, on their bullocks across long distances, often serving as supply lines for armies and urban centers.
They played a crucial role in the economy by connecting producers and consumers across different regions before the development of extensive road and rail networks. While some might have been involved in agriculture seasonally or other activities, their most prominent historical role was that of traders/carriers.

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46. India’s ranking in the ‘Ease of Doing Business Index’ is sometimes see

India’s ranking in the ‘Ease of Doing Business Index’ is sometimes seen in the news. Which of the following has declared that ranking?

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Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
World Economic Forum
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
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The ‘Ease of Doing Business Index’ is a widely recognized index that ranks countries based on how conducive their regulatory environment is to the starting and operation of a local firm.
This index was published annually by the World Bank Group. It measured aspects such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency.
The World Bank discontinued the ‘Doing Business’ report series (which included the Ease of Doing Business Index) in September 2021 following allegations of data irregularities. However, during its publication period, the World Bank was the sole authority for this ranking.

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47. ‘Net metering’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of promoti

‘Net metering’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of promoting the

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production and use of solar energy by the households/consumers
use of piped natural gas in the kitchens of households
installation of CNG kits in motor-cars
installation of water meters in urban households
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‘Net metering’ is a billing mechanism applied to solar energy systems and other renewable energy systems.
It allows consumers who generate their own electricity (e.g., using rooftop solar panels) to send excess electricity back to the grid. The consumer’s electricity meter runs backward to provide a credit for the energy fed to the grid, or the utility tracks the credit separately. This credits the consumer for the energy produced, effectively promoting the production and use of renewable energy, particularly solar energy, by households and other consumers.
Net metering policies vary by region and utility but are designed to encourage investment in renewable energy generation by residential and commercial customers. It contrasts with gross metering, where all generated energy is exported to the grid and paid for separately from consumed energy.

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48. ‘Project Loon’, sometimes seen in the news, is related to

‘Project Loon’, sometimes seen in the news, is related to

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waste management technology
wireless communication technology
solar power production technology
water conservation technology
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‘Project Loon’ was a research and development project by Google (later spun out into Alphabet’s X, and then Loon LLC).
The project aimed at providing wireless communication technology, specifically internet access, to rural and remote areas using high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere. These balloons acted as floating cell towers.
Project Loon used software algorithms to determine where the balloons needed to go, then maneuvered them into a layer of wind blowing in the desired direction. By changing altitude, the balloons could be directed to where they were needed. The project was initiated in 2013 but was shut down in January 2021 as it was deemed commercially unviable.

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49. With reference to pre-packaged items in India, it is mandatory to the

With reference to pre-packaged items in India, it is mandatory to the manufacturer to put which of the following information on the main label, as per the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011?

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  • List of ingredients including additives
  • Nutrition information
  • Recommendations, if any, made by the medical profession about the possibility of any allergic reactions
  • Vegetarian/non-vegetarian

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1, 2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
1, 2 and 4
1 and 4 only
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According to the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011 in India, certain information is mandatory on the labels of pre-packaged food items.
Mandatory information typically includes the name of the food, list of ingredients (including additives), nutritional information, declaration regarding vegetarian or non-vegetarian status, name and address of the manufacturer/packer/importer, net quantity, date of manufacture/packaging, best before/expiry date, and consumer care details. Allergen information is also mandatory for common allergens.
Statement 1 (List of ingredients including additives), Statement 2 (Nutrition information), and Statement 4 (Vegetarian/non-vegetarian symbol) are all mandatory requirements as per FSSAI regulations. Statement 3, while related to health and allergies, is not a standard mandatory requirement *in the phrasing given* (“Recommendations, if any, made by the medical profession”). While allergen declaration is mandatory, specific recommendations by the medical profession are not required to be printed on every label. Therefore, 1, 2, and 4 are correct mandatory requirements.

50. Which of the following best describes/ describe the aim of ‘Green Indi

Which of the following best describes/ describe the aim of ‘Green India Mission’ of the Government of India?

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  • Incorporating environmental benefits and costs into the Union and State Budgets thereby implementing the ‘green accounting’
  • Launching the second green revolution to enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food security to one and all in the future
  • Restoring and enhancing forest cover and responding to climate change by a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
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UPSC IAS – 2016
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The Green India Mission (GIM) is one of the eight National Missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
Its primary aim is to protect, restore, and enhance India’s forest cover and to respond to climate change. This is achieved through a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures, focusing on enhancing carbon sinks, improving the ecosystem services provided by forests, and increasing the climate resilience of vulnerable communities and ecosystems.
Statement 1 refers to ‘green accounting’, which is a concept related to incorporating environmental costs and benefits into economic accounting, but it is not the core stated aim of GIM. Statement 2 refers to agricultural productivity enhancement, which is associated with ‘Green Revolution’, not GIM. Statement 3 accurately describes the core objectives of the Green India Mission.

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