UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

21. Which one of the following is not detected by fire detectors ?

Which one of the following is not detected by fire detectors ?

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Radiation
Heat
Light
Smoke
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Fire detectors are designed to detect signs of fire: Smoke, Heat, or specific types of Radiation (like UV or Infrared) emitted by flames. Standard fire detectors do not typically detect other forms of radiation, such as X-rays or nuclear radiation, which are not characteristics of a typical fire. While flame detectors detect UV/IR radiation from the fire itself, the term ‘Radiation’ alone is broad and can encompass types not related to fire. Given the other options (Heat, Light, Smoke) are directly detected by common types of fire detectors (heat detectors, smoke detectors, flame detectors), ‘Radiation’, interpreted broadly (e.g., X-rays), is the phenomenon not typically detected by fire detectors.
– Fire detection methods include sensing smoke, heat, and flame.
– Flame detectors specifically detect UV and IR radiation from flames.
– Standard fire detectors do not detect other forms of radiation like X-rays or nuclear radiation.
Common types of fire detectors are smoke detectors (ionization and photoelectric), heat detectors (fixed temperature and rate-of-rise), and flame detectors (UV, IR, or UV/IR). While ‘Light’ could refer to visible light (less common for primary detection than UV/IR), and ‘Radiation’ specifically refers to the UV/IR detected by flame detectors, the option ‘Radiation’ alone is broad enough to include types not related to fire, making it the least likely phenomenon detected by *fire* detectors in a general sense. Assuming ‘Radiation’ is not limited to UV/IR from flame, it is the correct answer.

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22. Which one of the following is not a function of Personnel Access Contr

Which one of the following is not a function of Personnel Access Control System ?

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To prepare Identity Card
To interrogate
To take decisions
To respond
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A Personnel Access Control System is designed to control who can access specific areas based on predefined rules and credentials. Its functions include interrogating the credential presented (e.g., reading a card or biometric scan), deciding whether access should be granted or denied based on the person’s identity and permissions, and responding by activating a lock, triggering an alarm, or logging the event. However, the system itself does not typically *prepare* or issue the physical identity cards or credentials; that is usually a separate administrative or security function managed by a different system or department (like HR or a dedicated badging system).
– Access Control Systems verify identities and permissions.
– Core functions include reading credentials (interrogate), checking rules (decide), and enabling/denying access (respond).
– The creation or issuance of identity cards is separate from the access control *system’s* real-time function.
Access Control Systems manage databases of individuals and their access levels, but the physical process of designing, printing, and issuing ID cards is typically handled by dedicated identity management software or manual processes outside the core access control transaction processing.

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23. Card reader as a means of Access Control is becoming popular as compar

Card reader as a means of Access Control is becoming popular as compared to a human guard. In this context, which one of the following statements is not correct ?

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It offers better security as it cannot be bribed.
It is more economical.
It can never fail.
It is always alert.
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Statement C, “It can never fail,” is not correct. Electronic systems, including card readers for access control, are subject to potential failures. These can include technical glitches, power outages, software errors, network issues, or physical damage to the reader or the card. While generally reliable, stating they can *never* fail is inaccurate.
– Card readers are electronic access control devices.
– Electronic systems are susceptible to various forms of failure (technical, power, software).
– Human guards have different failure modes (bribed, distracted, tired) compared to electronic systems.
Statements A, B, and D highlight advantages of automated access control: being incorruptible (A), potentially more economical in the long run (B), and consistently vigilant (D), compared to human guards. However, the possibility of technical failure remains a reality for electronic systems.

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24. The concept ‘fallback liability’, recently in the news, is in relation

The concept ‘fallback liability’, recently in the news, is in relation to :

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the Central Government grants to States.
business of e-commerce companies.
recapitalisation of public sector banks.
merger of small banks with big banks.
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The concept of ‘fallback liability’ became prominent in relation to the Consumer Protection (e-Commerce) Rules, 2020 in India. It refers to the potential liability of an e-commerce entity (the marketplace) if a seller on its platform fails to deliver goods or services as promised, and the e-commerce entity fails to resolve the consumer’s grievance within a specified time frame.
– Fallback liability relates to the responsibility of e-commerce marketplaces.
– It arises when sellers on the platform fail to meet their obligations.
– It implies that the e-commerce platform may become liable if it doesn’t address consumer grievances related to such failures.
This rule was introduced to provide greater protection to consumers shopping on e-commerce platforms and ensure that marketplace entities take responsibility for the transactions facilitated through their platform, especially concerning seller defaults or non-compliance.

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25. Which one of the following statements with regard to historical import

Which one of the following statements with regard to historical importance of Kushinagar, is correct ?

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Siddhartha Gautama's 'great departure' took place here and he became an ascetic, a Sramana.
Siddhartha Gautama obtained his enlightenment here and he became Buddha.
Buddha gave his first sermon known as Dharmachakra-parivartana sutra.
Buddha passed away here, which is known as Mahaparinirvana.
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Kushinagar is a significant Buddhist pilgrimage site because it is where Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, passed away. This event is known as the Mahaparinirvana (the great cessation) and is one of the four principal pilgrimage destinations in Buddhism.
– Mahaparinirvana (passing away) of Buddha occurred at Kushinagar.
– This is one of the four most important sites in Buddhist pilgrimage (Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar).
– Siddhartha Gautama’s ‘great departure’ happened from Kapilavastu/Lumbini.
– Enlightenment happened at Bodh Gaya.
– First sermon (Dharmachakra-parivartana sutra) happened at Sarnath.
The Mahaparinirvana Stupa and Temple in Kushinagar mark the site of Buddha’s final resting place. The site was rediscovered and excavated in the 19th century.

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26. Consider the following statements with respect to Polavaram Project of

Consider the following statements with respect to Polavaram Project often mentioned in the news :

  • 1. It is being constructed on river Godavari.
  • 2. It is meant to supply irrigation water to parts of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Chhattisgarh.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Statement 1 is correct. The Polavaram Project is a multi-purpose irrigation project being constructed on the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh.
Statement 2 is incorrect. While the project has implications and attracts concerns from neighboring states like Telangana, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha regarding submergence and water allocation, its primary purpose is to provide irrigation water to parts of Andhra Pradesh, along with provisions for drinking water, power generation, and industrial use within Andhra Pradesh. It is not directly meant to supply irrigation water to parts of Telangana and Chhattisgarh as a primary objective; these states have their own water usage and projects from the Godavari basin, and the Polavaram project’s impact on them relates more to water availability and submergence issues.
– Polavaram is a major irrigation project on the Godavari River.
– The project’s command area for irrigation is primarily in Andhra Pradesh.
– Inter-state disputes exist, but the project’s main beneficiary for irrigation is Andhra Pradesh.
The Polavaram Project is designated as a National Project by the Government of India. It aims to transfer Godavari water to the Krishna River basin and provide irrigation to large areas in coastal Andhra Pradesh.

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27. Recently, the Supreme Court of India ordered the laying of underground

Recently, the Supreme Court of India ordered the laying of underground high-voltage power lines in Gujarat and Rajasthan to save the :

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Great Indian Bustard
Great Indian Hornbill
Spot-Billed Pelican.
Sarus Crane.
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The Supreme Court of India ordered the laying of underground high-voltage power lines in priority areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan specifically to protect the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB). These birds, which are large ground-dwelling birds, have poor frontal vision and are highly susceptible to collisions with overhead power lines, which is a major cause of their mortality.
– The Great Indian Bustard is a critically endangered bird species found in arid and semi-arid grasslands of India and Pakistan.
– Overhead power lines are a significant threat to the survival of GIB due to bird collisions.
– The Supreme Court intervened to mandate mitigation measures, including the undergrounding of power lines, in key GIB habitats.
Other avian species like raptors can also be impacted by power lines, but the Supreme Court’s specific directive was primarily aimed at protecting the severely threatened GIB population in these regions. The proposed action affects parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan, which are crucial GIB habitats.

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28. Which one among the following countries, which was in the news recentl

Which one among the following countries, which was in the news recently, has lost more than 90% of the value of its currency in two years?

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Algeria
Lebanon
Morocco
Turkey
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Lebanon’s currency has experienced a massive devaluation since late 2019, losing well over 90% of its value against the US dollar in the informal market due to a severe economic and financial crisis. This has led to hyperinflation and widespread poverty.
– Lebanon faced a major economic crisis starting in 2019.
– The Lebanese pound’s value plummeted dramatically on the black market.
– The crisis was driven by a combination of factors including political instability, unsustainable debt, and a failing financial system.
While other countries like Turkey have also faced significant currency depreciation in recent years, Lebanon’s currency collapse has been one of the most drastic globally in the specified timeframe, exceeding 90% loss in value.

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29. The Central Government is planning to make major interventions in whic

The Central Government is planning to make major interventions in which one of the following regions of India to make it an oil palm hub?

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Coromandel Coast
North-Eastern States
Rayalaseema
Saurashtra
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The correct answer is North-Eastern States.
India is one of the world’s largest importers of edible oils, including palm oil. To reduce dependence on imports and boost domestic production, the Indian government launched the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP). This mission specifically focuses on increasing the area under oil palm cultivation and productivity in certain regions of India with suitable climatic conditions. The North-Eastern States and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands have been identified as having significant potential for oil palm cultivation due to their high rainfall and favourable temperatures. The mission aims to achieve a substantial increase in oil palm production primarily by expanding cultivation in these regions.
While oil palm is also cultivated in other parts of India like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, the NMEO-OP targets a major expansion in the Northeast and Andaman & Nicobar Islands to significantly boost domestic production. The other regions listed (Coromandel Coast, Rayalaseema, Saurashtra) are either not the primary focus for this major intervention (Coromandel Coast), or are less suitable for extensive oil palm cultivation without significant irrigation (Rayalaseema, Saurashtra).

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30. Recently, the WHO has approved the widespread use of the World’s first

Recently, the WHO has approved the widespread use of the World’s first vaccine against which one of the following diseases/infections ?

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Hepatitis C
Nipah Virus
Malaria
Zika Virus
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The correct answer is Malaria.
In October 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the widespread use of the RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) malaria vaccine among children in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions with moderate to high *Plasmodium falciparum* malaria transmission. This marked the first time the WHO had recommended a malaria vaccine for widespread use, making it the “world’s first vaccine against malaria” to receive such a recommendation for implementation.
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is a major public health problem, particularly in Africa. The development and approval of the malaria vaccine is considered a significant step in the fight against this disease, although the vaccine’s efficacy is moderate and it is used as part of a comprehensive malaria control strategy. Vaccines for Hepatitis C, Nipah Virus, and Zika Virus were not recommended for widespread use by the WHO in this manner around that time.

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