UPSC CISF-AC-EXE Archives

21. Kingdom Monera includes

Kingdom Monera includes

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Euglenoids and Protozoans

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Fungi and Phycomycetes

Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes

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Kingdom Monera includes Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

– The Kingdom Monera is a biological kingdom composed of prokaryotic organisms, which are single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
– This kingdom traditionally included all bacteria. In modern classification systems (like the three-domain system), Monera is split into two domains: Archaea (Archaebacteria) and Bacteria (Eubacteria). However, in the older five-kingdom system (Whittaker’s classification), Monera encompassed both groups.
– Euglenoids and Protozoans belong to the Kingdom Protista (unicellular eukaryotes).
– Fungi, Phycomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes belong to the Kingdom Fungi (multicellular or unicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic).

The classification of life into kingdoms has evolved over time. The five-kingdom system (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) is widely taught but has been partly superseded by the three-domain system (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya) based on genetic analysis. Under the three-domain system, Monera as a single kingdom is obsolete, but the components (Archaea and Bacteria) align with the older Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

22. The Central Potato Research Institute is located at

The Central Potato Research Institute is located at

Almora

Shimla

Noida

Murshidabad

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The Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) is located at Shimla.

– The Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) is a premier research institution under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
– It was established in 1949 and its headquarters are located in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.
– CPRI conducts research on various aspects of potato cultivation, breeding, pest and disease management, and post-harvest technology.

Shimla is located in the foothills of the Himalayas and provides a suitable environment for potato research, especially regarding hill agriculture. CPRI has several regional research stations across India to cater to different agro-climatic conditions suitable for potato cultivation.

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23. Which one of the following countries is known as the “Land of a Thousa

Which one of the following countries is known as the “Land of a Thousand Lakes” ?

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Denmark

Finland

The Netherlands

Poland

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Finland is known as the “Land of a Thousand Lakes”.

– Finland is famous for its vast number of lakes, estimated to be around 188,000, covering about 10% of its total area. This characteristic feature gives rise to the nickname “Land of a Thousand Lakes”.
– Denmark is known for its coastline and islands.
– The Netherlands is famous for its polders (reclaimed land) and canals, but not for numerous large natural lakes.
– Poland also has many lakes, particularly in the Masurian Lake District, but the nickname is most strongly associated with Finland.

The numerous lakes in Finland are largely a legacy of the last Ice Age, carved out by glaciers. They are crucial to the country’s geography, ecology, and culture. Other countries known for numerous lakes include Canada and Sweden.

24. Which of the following cities are associated with ship building? 1. An

Which of the following cities are associated with ship building?
1. Antwerp
2. Trieste
3. Minsk
4. Hamburg
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 2 and 4 only

1 and 2 only

2, 3 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only

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Antwerp, Trieste, and Hamburg are cities associated with shipbuilding.

– Antwerp is a major port city in Belgium with a history and present activity in shipbuilding and ship repair.
– Trieste is a significant port city in Italy on the Adriatic Sea and has a long tradition of shipbuilding.
– Hamburg is Germany’s largest port and a major center for shipbuilding, marine technology, and related industries.
– Minsk is the capital of Belarus, a landlocked country, and is not associated with ocean-going shipbuilding.

Many major port cities worldwide have significant shipbuilding or ship repair industries due to their coastal location and maritime trade activities. Other well-known shipbuilding centers include Busan (South Korea), Shanghai (China), Tokyo (Japan), Rotterdam (Netherlands), and various locations in the USA and UK historically.

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25. Which of the following are products of Agro Based Industry? 1. Silk ya

Which of the following are products of Agro Based Industry?
1. Silk yarn
2. Cotton yarn
3. Polyfibre yarn
4. Polyester yarn
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1, 2 and 3 only

1 and 4 only

3 and 4 only

1 and 2 only

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Silk yarn and Cotton yarn are products of Agro Based Industry.

– Agro-based industries use agricultural produce as raw materials.
– Silk is obtained from silkworms, which are cultivated and fed on agricultural products like mulberry leaves. Sericulture is an agricultural activity. Thus, silk yarn is an agro-based product.
– Cotton is a fiber crop cultivated in agriculture. Cotton yarn is produced by processing raw cotton. Thus, cotton yarn is also an agro-based product.
– Polyfibre yarn and Polyester yarn are synthetic fibers produced from petrochemicals, not agricultural raw materials. They are products of the chemical industry.

Examples of agro-based industries include food processing (sugar, flour, fruits, vegetables), textile industries using natural fibers (cotton, jute, silk, wool), rubber, paper (from wood pulp, which can be considered related to forestry/agriculture), etc.

26. Which of the following items is/are associated with the mulberry plant

Which of the following items is/are associated with the mulberry plant?
1. Silk
2. Cocoon
3. Pashmina
4. Hemp
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 3 only

1 and 4 only

2 only

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Silk and Cocoon are directly associated with the mulberry plant.

– The mulberry plant (genus Morus) is the primary food source for the silkworm Bombyx mori, which is the most widely used species in commercial sericulture (silk production).
– Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves and then spin cocoons made of silk fibers. The silk yarn is subsequently obtained from these cocoons.
– Pashmina is a fine type of wool obtained from the Cashmere goat, native to high altitudes of the Himalayas. It is not related to the mulberry plant.
– Hemp is a fiber derived from the Cannabis plant and is used for textiles, paper, biofuels, etc. It is not associated with the mulberry plant.

Sericulture is the cultivation of silkworms for the production of silk. Different types of silk exist (like Muga, Eri, Tasar), some of which are produced by silkworms that feed on plants other than mulberry, but mulberry silk is the most common variety.

27. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

List I (Place)	List II (Industry)
A. Kanpur	1. Silk
B. Sualkuchi	2. Cotton
C. Korba	3. Copper
D. Khetri	4. Aluminium

Code :

2 1 4 3

2 4 1 3

3 4 1 2

3 1 4 2

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The correct match for the places and industries is: Kanpur with Cotton, Sualkuchi with Silk, Korba with Aluminium, and Khetri with Copper.

– Kanpur is a major industrial city in Uttar Pradesh, historically known for its cotton textile industry.
– Sualkuchi in Assam is famous for its Muga silk production.
– Korba in Chhattisgarh is a significant site for aluminium production, housing a major plant of BALCO (Bharat Aluminium Company Limited).
– Khetri in Rajasthan is well-known for its copper mines and associated industry.

Matching the specific industries with their prominent locations is a common type of question testing geographical and industrial knowledge. Other important industrial centers in India include Mumbai (cotton textiles), Jamshedpur (iron and steel), Bengaluru (IT, aerospace), etc.

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28. Which one among the following statements is not correct?

Which one among the following statements is not correct?

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Johannes Kepler proved that the path of each planet around the Sun is elliptical with the Sun at its focus.

The first successful attempt to establish the size of the Earth is credited to Eratosthenes.

The first Greek to profess a Sun-centred or Heliocentric Universe was Sir Isaac Newton.

The famous astronomical book Almagest was compiled by Ptolemy.

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The correct option is C) The first Greek to profess a Sun-centred or Heliocentric Universe was Sir Isaac Newton.

Statement A is correct. Johannes Kepler formulated his laws of planetary motion in the early 17th century, including the first law stating that planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths with the Sun at one focus.
Statement B is correct. Eratosthenes of Cyrene, a Greek scholar in the 3rd century BC, is famous for making the first relatively accurate calculation of the Earth’s circumference using geometry and astronomical observations.
Statement C is incorrect. The first known Greek astronomer to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system was Aristarchus of Samos in the 3rd century BC, predating Kepler and Newton by over a thousand years. Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) was a British physicist and mathematician, not Greek, and his work explained *why* planetary orbits are elliptical (gravity), building upon Kepler’s descriptive laws.
Statement D is correct. The Almagest is the 2nd-century AD astronomical treatise by Claudius Ptolemy, which presented a detailed geocentric model of the universe that remained the standard view for centuries.

Aristarchus’s heliocentric model was not widely accepted in antiquity, with the geocentric model of Aristotle and later Ptolemy dominating astronomical thought until the Copernican revolution in the 16th century.

29. Which one of the following pairs of glaciers and locations is not corr

Which one of the following pairs of glaciers and locations is not correctly matched?

Nubra Valley - Jammu and Kashmir

Milam Glacier - Uttarakhand

Bhaga Valley - Himachal Pradesh

Zemu Glacier - Arunachal Pradesh

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The correct option is D) Zemu Glacier – Arunachal Pradesh.

Statement A is correct. Nubra Valley is located in Ladakh (formerly part of Jammu and Kashmir). Significant glaciers like Siachen are in this region.
Statement B is correct. Milam Glacier is located in the Kumaon Himalayas in Uttarakhand.
Statement C is correct. The Bhaga Valley is part of the Lahaul region in Himachal Pradesh, a glaciated area that forms one of the headwaters of the Chandrabhaga (Chenab) river.
Statement D is incorrect. The Zemu Glacier is located in Sikkim, India, on the eastern face of Kangchenjunga. It is the largest glacier in the Eastern Himalayas and is the source of the Teesta River. It is not located in Arunachal Pradesh.

Glaciers in the Himalayas are important sources of water for major river systems in India and surrounding countries. Knowing the location of major glaciers is relevant for understanding regional geography and environmental issues.

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30. Which of the following is/are the objective(s) of the Rashtriya Uchcha

Which of the following is/are the objective(s) of the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) ?

It creates an enabling atmosphere in the higher educational institutions and ensures capacity building at all levels of employment.
It ensures reforms in the affiliation, academic and examination systems.

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1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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The correct option is C) Both 1 and 2.

Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) is a flagship scheme of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education) aimed at providing strategic funding to eligible state higher educational institutions.
Statement 1 is correct. A key objective of RUSA is to improve the overall quality of state institutions by ensuring adequate infrastructure, promoting research and innovation, and enhancing the skills and capabilities of faculty and staff (capacity building).
Statement 2 is correct. RUSA also aims to improve the governance structure and systems of higher education institutions, which includes facilitating reforms in processes like affiliation of colleges to universities, academic curriculum development, and examination systems to improve efficiency and relevance.

Other objectives of RUSA include improving equity in higher education, ensuring adequate availability of quality faculty, and creating a more conducive environment for learning and research.