UPSC CISF-AC-EXE

21. In a computer system, the signed numbers cannot be represented by

In a computer system, the signed numbers cannot be represented by

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signed magnitude
one's complement
two's complement
float magnitude
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The correct answer is D) float magnitude. Signed integers in computer systems are typically represented using methods like signed magnitude, one’s complement, or two’s complement. These methods handle the sign (positive or negative) of the integer value. ‘Float magnitude’ is not a standard method for representing signed integers. Floating-point numbers use a different format (usually IEEE 754 standard) involving a sign bit, an exponent, and a mantissa, which is distinct from signed integer representations.
Signed magnitude, one’s complement, and two’s complement are standard methods for representing signed integers in binary. Floating-point representation is used for real numbers and uses a different structure.
Signed magnitude uses the leftmost bit for the sign (0 for positive, 1 for negative) and the remaining bits for the magnitude. One’s complement represents negative numbers by inverting all bits of the positive number. Two’s complement is the most common method for representing signed integers due to its efficiency in arithmetic operations; it represents negative numbers by inverting all bits of the positive number and adding 1.

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22. The smallest addressable unit of memory is

The smallest addressable unit of memory is

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bit
byte
word
nibble
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In most modern computer architectures, the smallest addressable unit of memory is a byte. Memory addresses are typically assigned to individual bytes, allowing programs to access or modify memory one byte at a time.
– A byte consists of 8 bits.
– While a bit is the fundamental unit of digital information (0 or 1), it is usually not directly addressable in memory. Access is typically at the byte level or larger units like words.
– A nibble is a group of 4 bits, which is half a byte. It’s a useful concept in some contexts but not a standard addressable unit.
– A word is a native unit of data used by a particular processor design. Its size varies (e.g., 16, 32, 64 bits) and is typically aligned on byte boundaries.
– Understanding the smallest addressable unit is fundamental to understanding memory organization and pointers in programming.

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23. Which of the following is/are pointing device/devices? 1. Trackball

Which of the following is/are pointing device/devices?

  • 1. Trackball
  • 2. Touchscreen

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Both Trackball and Touchscreen are types of pointing devices. A pointing device allows a user to interact with a computer interface by controlling a cursor or pointing to objects on the screen.
– A trackball is an input device used to enter motion data into computers or other electronic devices. It functions like an upside-down mouse; the user rolls a ball to move the cursor.
– A touchscreen is a display screen that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area, typically by a finger or stylus.
– Other common pointing devices include the mouse, touchpad, pointing stick, joystick, and graphics tablet.
– Pointing devices are essential for graphical user interfaces (GUIs) as they provide an intuitive way for users to interact with elements displayed on the screen.

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24. In the context of universal character encoding standard, UTF stands

In the context of universal character encoding standard, UTF stands for

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Unicode Transformation Format
Unicode Transformation Form
Unique Transformation Format
Unique Transformation Form
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In the context of universal character encoding standard, UTF stands for Unicode Transformation Format. UTF is a mapping between the Unicode code points (numerical representations of characters) and sequences of bytes.
– Unicode is a standard for encoding, representing, and handling text expressed in most of the world’s writing systems.
– UTF encodings like UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 are variable-length encoding schemes for Unicode.
– UTF-8 is the most common encoding used on the web and for general-purpose text files because it is backward-compatible with ASCII and efficient for commonly used characters.
– UTF-16 uses 16-bit code units and is used by systems like Windows and Java.
– UTF-32 uses a fixed 32-bit code unit for every character.

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25. In HTML, which one of the following is used to open the linked documen

In HTML, which one of the following is used to open the linked document in a new browser window?

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_self
_link
_blank
_open
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In HTML, the `target` attribute of the `` (anchor) tag specifies where to open the linked document. The value `_blank` is used to open the linked document in a new browser window or tab.
– The `target` attribute determines the browsing context (window, tab, or frame) in which the linked document will be displayed.
– Common values for the `target` attribute include `_self` (default), `_blank`, `_parent`, and `_top`.
– `_self` opens the document in the same window/tab the link was clicked.
– `_parent` opens the document in the parent frame.
– `_top` opens the document in the full body of the window.
– Using `target=”_blank”` should be done judiciously as it can impact user experience, although it is very commonly used for external links.

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26. UNFCCC-COP28 was held in which one of the following cities?

UNFCCC-COP28 was held in which one of the following cities?

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Sharm el-Sheikh
Dubai
Glasgow
Baku
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The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the UNFCCC was held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from November 30 to December 13, 2023.
– COP is the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
– COP meetings assess the effects of measures taken to combat climate change and negotiate further actions.
– Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, hosted COP27 in 2022.
– Glasgow, UK, hosted COP26 in 2021.
– Baku, Azerbaijan, is scheduled to host COP29 in 2024.

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27. Which one among the following statements with regard to the legal faci

Which one among the following statements with regard to the legal facilities in India is not correct?

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Tele-Law is a pre-litigation advice mechanism.
The President of India is Patron-in-Chief of National Legal Services Authority (NALSA).
There are dedicated Commercial Courts at various places in India to handle commercial cases.
Some courts in India are paperless Digital Commercial Courts.
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Statement B is incorrect. The Patron-in-Chief of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) is the Chief Justice of India, not the President of India. The President of India holds the position of ‘Hon’ble Visitor’ for NALSA.
– NALSA was constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, to provide free legal aid and services to eligible persons and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes.
– The structure of NALSA includes the Patron-in-Chief (CJI), Executive Chairman (Union Law Minister), and other members.
– Tele-Law is a scheme under the Ministry of Law & Justice that connects poor and marginalized people seeking legal advice from Panel Lawyers through CSCs (Common Service Centers) using video/teleconferencing facilities. It serves as a pre-litigation advice mechanism.
– The Commercial Courts Act, 2015, provides for the constitution of Commercial Courts, Commercial Division, and Commercial Appellate Division in High Courts for adjudicating commercial disputes of a specified value.
– Many courts, including Commercial Courts, are adopting digital technologies and moving towards paperless functioning as part of the e-Courts project and other judicial modernization initiatives.

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28. Which one among the following States in India has received maximum fun

Which one among the following States in India has received maximum funds under Sub-Mission on Agriculture Mechanization from 2014-2015 to 2023-2024?

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Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
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Based on data released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare regarding the Sub-Mission on Agriculture Mechanization (SMAM) fund releases from 2014-15 up to December 2023, Uttar Pradesh has received the maximum funds compared to other states in this specific period.
– The Sub-Mission on Agriculture Mechanization (SMAM) aims to increase the reach of farm mechanization to small and marginal farmers and to the regions where it is low.
– The scheme provides subsidies and support for purchasing various agricultural machinery and equipment.
– The allocation and release of funds under central schemes like SMAM depend on various factors, including the area under cultivation, the number of eligible farmers, state proposals, and implementation capacity.
– Uttar Pradesh, being a large state with extensive agricultural activity and a high number of farmers, often receives substantial allocations under nationwide agricultural development schemes.

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29. Consider the following statements about the Global River Cities Allian

Consider the following statements about the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA):

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  • 1. It is an alliance of global river cities led by the National Mission for Clean Ganga under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India.
  • 2. GRCA is a unique alliance covering more than 275 global river cities in 11 countries.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct. The Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA) is indeed led by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, and it was launched as a global initiative involving cities from multiple countries. Official sources indicate engagement with or inclusion of cities from numerous countries, with initial launch involving 11 countries and referencing a network potentially covering over 275 river cities globally, demonstrating its unique and wide scope.
– GRCA was launched at COP28 in Dubai in December 2023.
– Its objective is to connect river cities globally to share best practices for river conservation, sustainable river management, and urban water management.
– The alliance was launched with member countries including India, Egypt, Netherlands, Denmark, Ghana, Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, Japan, Malaysia, and Singapore, along with international multilateral institutions.
– The alliance structure is intended to facilitate collaboration, knowledge exchange, and capacity building among participating cities and countries.

30. Which one among the following statements about Universal Health Covera

Which one among the following statements about Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is not correct?

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The United Nations is observing 12th December as the 'International Universal Health Coverage Day' since 2012.
UHC's motto is that everyone should have access to quality and affordable healthcare.
It is a central aspect of Sustainable Development Goals.
Population coverage, service coverage and financial protection are dimensions of UHC.
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Statement A is incorrect. While the United Nations does observe December 12th as the ‘International Universal Health Coverage Day’ (IUHCD), this observance was endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in December 2017, not 2012. The first official observance took place on December 12, 2017.
– Universal Health Coverage (UHC) means that all people have access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without financial hardship.
– The goal of UHC is encapsulated in the motto “Health for All”.
– UHC is a key target (3.8) of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being.
– The three main dimensions of UHC are population coverage (who is covered), service coverage (which services are covered), and financial protection (what share of costs is covered, minimizing out-of-pocket expenses).
– IUHCD on December 12th promotes the importance of UHC and advocates for stronger health systems.

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