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11. Which one of the following was not included in the terms and conditi

Which one of the following was not included in the terms and conditions of Subsidiary Alliance System of Lord Wellesley ?

The British would protect their ally.

The ally was free to enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare.

In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed.

The ally would have to provide resources for the maintenance of the British armed contingent.

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One of the key conditions of the Subsidiary Alliance System was that the Indian ruler had to give up his foreign relations and could not enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare without the permission of the British. Therefore, the statement that “The ally was free to enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare” is incorrect.

– The Subsidiary Alliance System was introduced by Lord Wellesley, Governor-General of Bengal from 1798 to 1805.
– Key terms included accepting a British Resident, stationing of a British contingent within the state’s territory, payment of subsidy or cession of territory for the contingent’s maintenance, and surrendering control over foreign policy to the British.
– In return, the British promised to protect the ally from external aggression.

– The Subsidiary Alliance effectively made the Indian states dependent on the British and was a major instrument in the expansion of British control over India.
– The first state to accept the Subsidiary Alliance was the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1798.

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12. Which one of the following pairs of Newspaper and Editor is not corr

Which one of the following pairs of Newspaper and Editor is not correctly matched ?

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Newspaper	Editor
Navjivan	Mahatma Gandhi
Mahratta	Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bengalee	Surendranath Banerjea
Voice of India	Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Navjivan Mahatma Gandhi

Mahratta Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bengalee Surendranath Banerjea

Voice of India Gopal Krishna Gokhale

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The pair ‘Voice of India – Gopal Krishna Gokhale’ is not correctly matched.

– ‘Navjivan’ was a Gujarati weekly published/edited by Mahatma Gandhi.
– ‘Mahratta’ (English) and ‘Kesari’ (Marathi) were two newspapers founded and edited by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
– ‘Bengalee’ was a prominent nationalist newspaper founded and edited by Surendranath Banerjea.
– ‘Voice of India’ was a newspaper founded by Dadabhai Naoroji, initially published in London and later from Bombay. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was not its founder or primary editor, although he was associated with various newspapers and journals like ‘Mahratta’ (as a contributor in its early phase) and ‘Sudharak’.

– Dadabhai Naoroji used ‘Voice of India’ to highlight the drain of wealth from India to Britain.
– Gopal Krishna Gokhale was closely associated with the newspaper ‘Sudharak’ (The Reformer), which he started with Gopal Ganesh Agarkar.

13. The headquarters of Ghadar Movement/Party were at

The headquarters of Ghadar Movement/Party were at

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San Francisco

Stanford University

Portland

Florida

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The headquarters of the Ghadar Movement/Party were located in San Francisco, California, USA.

– The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by Punjabi Indians, mainly Sikhs, living on the Pacific Coast of North America, with the aim to overthrow British rule in India.
– It was formally established in 1913. The party’s newspaper, ‘Hindustan Ghadar’, was published in various Indian languages from its headquarters.

– Prominent leaders of the Ghadar Party included Lala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, and Kartar Singh Sarabha.
– The Ghadar Movement played a significant role in inspiring anti-British sentiments among Indians abroad and also attempted to incite rebellion within India during World War I.

14. Who among the following did not belong to the group of

Who among the following did not belong to the group of ‘No-Changers’?

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M.A. Ansari

Vithalbhai Patel

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari

Kasturi Ranga Iyengar

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Vithalbhai Patel belonged to the group of ‘Pro-Changers’, also known as the Swarajists, while M.A. Ansari, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, and Kasturi Ranga Iyengar belonged to the ‘No-Changers’.

– Following the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Indian National Congress split into two factions: ‘Pro-Changers’ and ‘No-Changers’.
– Pro-Changers, led by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru, advocated for entering the legislative councils to obstruct the government from within. Vithalbhai Patel was a prominent leader and later President of the Central Legislative Assembly from the Swaraj Party.
– No-Changers, led by Mahatma Gandhi (though he initially withdrew from active politics), Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, M.A. Ansari, Kasturi Ranga Iyengar, and others, advocated for continuing Gandhi’s constructive program of spinning, removal of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity, and village upliftment outside the councils.

– The ‘No-Changers’ focused on strengthening the Congress organization from the grass-roots level and preparing for the next phase of mass struggle.
– The ‘Pro-Changers’ formed the Swaraj Party in 1923 to contest the elections to the legislative councils.

15. Which of the following was/were the founder member(s) of Hindustan Soc

Which of the following was/were the founder member(s) of Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in September, 1928?
1. Bhagat Singh
2. Jatindranath
3. Ajoy Ghosh
4. Phanindranath Ghosh
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1 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3 only

1, 2, 3 and 4

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Bhagat Singh, Jatindranath Das, and Ajoy Ghosh were among the key figures involved in the formation of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in September 1928.

– The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was reorganized and renamed as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in September 1928 at a meeting in Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi.
– Key revolutionaries present at this meeting and considered founder members included Chandrasekhar Azad (who became the leader), Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Shiv Verma, Bijoy Kumar Sinha, Jaidev Kapoor, Ajoy Ghosh, and potentially others like Jatindra Nath Das, who was closely associated and involved in early activities.

– Phanindranath Ghosh was a member of the HSRA but later turned approver in the Lahore Conspiracy Case, which led to the conviction and execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru. While he was a member, his status as a ‘founder member’ is less certain or emphasized compared to figures like Bhagat Singh, Azad, or Ajoy Ghosh.
– Jatindra Nath Das became famous for his hunger strike in Lahore Jail demanding better conditions for political prisoners, leading to his death in September 1929. He was involved with the organization around the time of its formation.

16. The provision for separate electorate for Muslims was given in

The provision for separate electorate for Muslims was given in

Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909

Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, 1919

Communal Award, 1932

Government of India Act, 1935

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The provision for separate electorate for Muslims was first introduced in the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909.

– The Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act 1909) introduced communal representation by providing separate electorates for Muslims.
– This meant that Muslim members would be elected by Muslim voters only in specific constituencies.

– The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act 1919) extended separate electorates to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans.
– The Communal Award of 1932, announced by Ramsay MacDonald, extended separate electorates to the Depressed Classes (later modified by the Poona Pact).
– The Government of India Act, 1935, further continued and extended the system of communal electorates.

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17. From among the following Mahajanapadas, identify the gana/sangha

From among the following Mahajanapadas, identify the gana/sangha (oligarchy):

Magadha

Vajji

Avanti

Kosala

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The Mahajanapadas of ancient India (around 6th century BCE) were either monarchies or republics (known as *gana-sanghas* or oligarchies). Among the options provided, Magadha, Avanti, and Kosala were powerful monarchical kingdoms. Vajji (or Vriji), with its capital at Vaishali, was a confederacy of several clans, including the Lichhavis, and is a prominent example of a *gana-sangha*, where rule was not by a single monarch but by an assembly of rulers or representatives.

Vajji was one of the major *gana-sanghas* (republican/oligarchic states) among the sixteen Mahajanapadas.

Other *gana-sanghas* included the Malla (capital Kushinagar and Pava). The rise of powerful monarchies like Magadha eventually led to the decline and absorption of these republican states.

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18. Which one of the following methods is followed in electing the Preside

Which one of the following methods is followed in electing the President of India?

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Proportional Representation only

First-Past-the-Post System only

Proportional Representation and the Single Transferable Vote System

Proportional Representation and the First-Past-the-Post System

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As per Article 55 of the Constitution of India, the election of the President is held in accordance with the system of Proportional Representation by means of the Single Transferable Vote. This system ensures that the voting is by secret ballot and the value of votes of elected members of Parliament and state legislative assemblies is proportional to the population they represent.

The President of India is elected using the Proportional Representation by means of the Single Transferable Vote system.

The Electoral College for the Presidential election consists of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry. The value of votes of MLAs varies depending on the population of their state, while the value of votes of MPs is uniform.

19. Which one of the following statements about a Bill for Amendment of th

Which one of the following statements about a Bill for Amendment of the Constitution of India is not correct?

It is governed by Article 368(2) of the Constitution of India.

Joint sitting can be resorted to for passing a Bill amending the Constitution of India.

The State Legislatures cannot initiate any Bill or proposal for amendment of the Constitution of India.

The previous sanction of the President of India is not required for introducing any Bill in the Parliament for amendment of the Constitution of India.

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A Bill for the amendment of the Constitution of India is governed by Article 368. This article specifies that the Bill must be passed in each House of Parliament by a special majority (a majority of the total membership of that House and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting). Article 368 does *not* include a provision for a joint sitting of Parliament in case of a deadlock between the two Houses over a constitutional amendment bill. Therefore, a joint sitting cannot be resorted to for passing such a Bill. Statement B is incorrect.

Joint sittings are not permissible for Constitutional Amendment Bills under Article 368.

Article 368 provides for different procedures depending on the nature of the amendment. Some amendments require ratification by half of the state legislatures in addition to the special majority in Parliament. Only Parliament has the power to initiate a constitutional amendment. Prior recommendation of the President is not needed for introducing a constitutional amendment bill.

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20. Which one of the following statements about the Speaker of Lok Sabha i

Which one of the following statements about the Speaker of Lok Sabha is not correct?

He shall vacate his office if he ceases to be a member of the House of the People.

He may, at any time, resign by writing his resignation to the President of India.

He may be removed from his office by a resolution of the House of the People passed by majority of all the then members of the House.

While the office of the Speaker is vacant, the duties of the office shall be performed by the Deputy Speaker.

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According to Article 94 of the Constitution of India, the Speaker of the House of the People (Lok Sabha) may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Deputy Speaker. Resignation is *not* addressed to the President of India. Statement B is therefore incorrect. Statements A, C, and D accurately reflect the provisions regarding the vacation of office, removal, and performance of duties when the Speaker’s office is vacant, as per Article 94 and 95.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha addresses their resignation to the Deputy Speaker, not the President.

The removal of the Speaker requires a resolution passed by a majority of all the then members of the House. The Speaker continues to hold office even after the dissolution of the Lok Sabha until immediately before the first meeting of the House after the dissolution.

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