UPSC CAPF

41. Which one of the following cities has been identified as the best habi

Which one of the following cities has been identified as the best habitable city in the 18th Mercer Quality of Life Study, 2016 ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Munich” option2=”Vienna” option3=”Zurich” option4=”Vancouver” correct=”option2″]

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According to the 18th Mercer Quality of Life Study released in 2016, Vienna was ranked as the city with the best quality of life in the world for the seventh consecutive year.
Mercer’s Quality of Life survey evaluates living conditions based on factors like political and social environment, economic environment, socio-cultural environment, medical and health considerations, schools and education, public services and transportation, recreation, consumer goods, housing, and natural environment.
Other cities consistently ranked high in the study included Zurich, Auckland, Munich, and Vancouver. Major global cities like London, Paris, and New York typically rank much lower due to factors like congestion, crime, and cost of living.

42. Which one among the following is the oldest Regiment of Indian Army ?

Which one among the following is the oldest Regiment of Indian Army ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Sikh Regiment” option2=”Kumaon Regiment” option3=”Punjab Regiment” option4=”Madras Regiment” correct=”option4″]

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The Madras Regiment is the oldest infantry regiment of the Indian Army. It was raised in 1758 as the Coast Sepoys by the British East India Company.
The Madras Regiment’s history predates most other regiments and traces its lineage back to the forces raised for the protection of the Company’s interests in South India.
The Punjab Regiment is one of the oldest, raised in 1761, but the Madras Regiment is marginally older. The Kumaon Regiment has its origins in the Hyderabad Contingent raised earlier, but its formal recognition as the Kumaon Rifles came later, while the Sikh Regiment was raised in the mid-19th century.

43. Which of the following statements about Subedar Major Fateh Singh is /

Which of the following statements about Subedar Major Fateh Singh is / are correct ?

  • He was a big bore rifle shooter who won two gold medals during first Commonwealth championship
  • He retired from Bihar regiment before joining Defence Service Corps
  • He was killed during the terror attack at Pathankot Air Force Base

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option4″]

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All three statements about Subedar Major Fateh Singh are correct. He was an international-level shooter who won medals, including two golds at the Commonwealth Championship. He served with the Bihar Regiment before joining the Defence Service Corps (DSC) after retirement. He was killed during the terrorist attack on the Pathankot Air Force Base in January 2016 while defending the base.
Subedar Major Fateh Singh was a distinguished sportsman and a brave soldier who sacrificed his life defending the nation.
He was a veteran of the Dogra Regiment and later served in the Bihar Regiment before his posting with the DSC. He was part of the Indian shooting contingent that participated in the first Commonwealth Shooting Championship in 1995 where he won two gold medals. He was posthumously awarded the Shaurya Chakra for his gallantry during the Pathankot attack.

44. Consider the following statements about the Santhal Hool of 1855-56:

Consider the following statements about the Santhal Hool of 1855-56:

  • The Santhals were in a desperate situation as tribal lands were leased out
  • The Santhal rebels were treated very leniently by British officials
  • Santhal inhabited areas were eventually constituted into separate administrative units called Santhal parganas
  • The Santhal rebellion was the only major rebellion in mid 19th century India

Which of the statements given above is / are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 and 3″ option3=”1, 3 and 4″ option4=”1 and 3 only” correct=”option4″]

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Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is correct; the Santhals were increasingly exploited by moneylenders, landlords, and government officials, losing their land. Statement 3 is correct; following the rebellion, certain areas were demarcated and constituted into Santhal Parganas through the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act of 1876, aiming to protect their land rights. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Santhal rebels were suppressed with extreme brutality by the British. Statement 4 is incorrect; there were numerous other major rebellions in mid-19th century India, such as the Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Munda Rebellion (starting 1899), etc., not to mention the widespread Sepoy Mutiny of 1857-58.
The Santhal Hool (rebellion) was a significant tribal uprising against exploitation and land alienation by outsiders and the colonial state.
The rebellion was led by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu. The Santhals proclaimed themselves independent and took action against moneylenders and government forces. The brutal suppression highlighted the state’s response to such uprisings but also led to some protective measures being enacted later.

45. Who among the following founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815 ?

Who among the following founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815 ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Keshab Chandra Sen” option2=”Debendranath Tagore” option3=”Ram Mohan Roy” option4=”Bijoy Krishna Goswami” correct=”option3″]

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Ram Mohan Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815 in Calcutta.
Atmiya Sabha was one of the earliest socio-religious reform organizations, dedicated to the propagation of monotheism and discussion of philosophical subjects.
Ram Mohan Roy is considered one of the pioneers of modern India and is known as the ‘Father of Modern India’. He later founded the Brahmo Sabha (later Brahmo Samaj) in 1828, which evolved from the activities of Atmiya Sabha.

46. Which of the following is / are characteristic(s) of the Ryotwari syst

Which of the following is / are characteristic(s) of the Ryotwari system?

  • 1. It was the brainchild of Thomas Munro
  • 2. It was meant to reduce intermediaries
  • 3. Cultivating peasants were gradually impoverished by the system
  • 4. It was introduced in parts of Madras and Bengal Presidency

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1, 2 and 3″ option3=”2 and 4 only” option4=”2, 3 and 4″ correct=”option2″]

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Statements 1, 2, and 3 are characteristic of the Ryotwari system. Statement 1: Thomas Munro, along with Charles Reed, was instrumental in developing and implementing the Ryotwari system. Statement 2: It aimed to establish a direct settlement between the government and the cultivator (Ryot), thereby reducing the role of intermediaries like Zamindars. Statement 3: While initially intended to benefit peasants, high revenue demands fixed by the state and rigid collection methods often led to the impoverishment of cultivating peasants. Statement 4 is incorrect; the Ryotwari system was primarily introduced in parts of the Madras and Bombay Presidencies, as well as Assam, but not Bengal Presidency (where the Permanent Settlement was prevalent).
The Ryotwari system established a direct relationship between the colonial state and the individual peasant cultivator regarding land revenue collection.
The revenue under the Ryotwari system was not permanently fixed but was periodically revised (usually every 20-30 years). This system eliminated the Zamindars as intermediaries but placed the burden of direct revenue payment and the risk of crop failure squarely on the peasant.

47. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Permanent Settle

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Permanent Settlement ?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Permanent Settlement vested landownership rights in the Zamindar” option2=”The Permanent Settlement continued to pay attention to the customary occupancy rights of peasants” option3=”The burden of the high revenue assessment was shifted to the peasants under the Permanent Settlement” option4=”The condition of the actual cultivators of the land declined under Permanent Settlement” correct=”option2″]

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The Permanent Settlement, introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis, explicitly ignored the customary occupancy rights of the peasants. It vested ownership rights in the Zamindars (landlords).
The Permanent Settlement created a new class of landlords (Zamindars) who were given proprietary rights over land in exchange for a fixed revenue payment to the state, largely disregarding the traditional rights of cultivators.
Under the Permanent Settlement, the revenue demand was fixed at a high rate. Zamindars, in turn, extracted high rents from the peasants, leading to their impoverishment and decline in condition. If Zamindars failed to pay the fixed revenue, their land could be confiscated and sold.

48. Which one of the following statements regarding Human Rights is not co

Which one of the following statements regarding Human Rights is not correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Human Rights derive their inspiration from moral principles” option2=”They are applicable subject to their adoption by States” option3=”The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was adopted by the United Nations in the year 1948″ option4=”The universalism of Human Rights is challenged by the cultural relativists” correct=”option3″]

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The statement that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was adopted by the United Nations in the year 1948 is not correct. While the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted in 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) was adopted in 1966 and entered into force in 1976.
The ICCPR, along with the UDHR and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), forms the International Bill of Human Rights.
Human Rights do derive inspiration from moral principles and are considered inherent. While international human rights norms exist, their application within a state is often subject to the state’s ratification and incorporation into domestic law. The concept of universalism of human rights is indeed challenged by cultural relativists who argue that rights should be understood within specific cultural contexts.

49. The Joint Training Exercise, Garuda Shakti, is conducted as part of mi

The Joint Training Exercise, Garuda Shakti, is conducted as part of military diplomacy between Indian Army and:

[amp_mcq option1=”Bangladesh Army.” option2=”Royal Bhutan Army.” option3=”Nepalese Army.” option4=”Indonesian Army.” correct=”option4″]

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The Joint Training Exercise, Garuda Shakti, is conducted between the Special Forces of the Indian Army and the Special Forces of the Indonesian Army.
Garuda Shakti is a bilateral exercise aimed at enhancing military cooperation and interoperability between India and Indonesia.
Such joint exercises are part of India’s military diplomacy to build relations and share best practices with friendly foreign countries. The exercises cover various aspects like counter-terrorism, jungle warfare, and urban operations.

50. Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism ?

Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Every State Government has powers of its own” option2=”Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution and the powers of different levels of Government” option3=”States are subordinate to the Central Government” option4=”Sources of revenue for each level of Government are clearly specified” correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is C.
In a federal system, the constituent units (states) are not subordinate to the central government; rather, power is divided between coordinate levels of government, each supreme in its own sphere as defined by the constitution. While the Indian federal system has a strong central bias, the principle of state autonomy in their defined areas means they are not constitutionally subordinate in all respects. Options A, B, and D are features present in the Indian system reflecting aspects of federalism or its framework: states have their own powers (A), courts interpret the constitution and powers (B), and revenue sources are specified (D).
India is often described as ‘quasi-federal’ or ‘federal in form, unitary in spirit’ due to various centralising features like single citizenship, integrated judiciary, appointment of governors by the centre, emergency provisions, and the relatively greater financial power of the centre. However, the division of legislative and executive powers between the Union and States is a core federal feature that contradicts complete state subordination.
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