UPSC CAPF

31. Who among the following was the author of Hind Swaraj?

Who among the following was the author of Hind Swaraj?

Aurobindo Ghose
C. R. Das
Mahatma Gandhi
Rajendra Prasad
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Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is a book written by Mohandas K. Gandhi in 1909. It expresses his views on Swaraj, modern civilization, mechanisation, etc.
Hind Swaraj is a key text outlining Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of Swaraj and his critique of Western civilization.
Aurobindo Ghose was a philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist. C. R. Das (Chittaranjan Das) was a prominent freedom fighter and founder of the Swaraj Party. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India.

32. Which one of the following is not a part of the Directive Principles o

Which one of the following is not a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy?

Uniform Civil Code for all citizens
Separation of Judiciary from Executive
Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living
Promotion of scientific temper, humanity and the spirit of inquiry and reform
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Promotion of scientific temper, humanity and the spirit of inquiry and reform is listed as a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(h) of the Constitution. It is not a Directive Principle of State Policy.
Fundamental Duties (Part IVA) are distinct from Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV). DPSPs are guidelines for the State, while Fundamental Duties are responsibilities of citizens.
Uniform Civil Code for all citizens is a DPSP (Article 44). Separation of Judiciary from Executive is a DPSP (Article 50). The duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living is a DPSP (Article 47).

33. Which one of the following concerns has found a place in both Fundamen

Which one of the following concerns has found a place in both Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy?

Safeguard of public property
Protection and improvement of environment, forests and wildlife
Respect for the rich composite culture
Promotion of cooperative societies
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Article 48A of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) states that “The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.” Article 51A(g) of the Fundamental Duties states that “it shall be the duty of every citizen of India… to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.” Thus, the concern for the protection and improvement of the environment, forests, and wildlife is present in both DPSPs and Fundamental Duties.
Both the State (via DPSPs) and the citizens (via Fundamental Duties) have a responsibility towards protecting and improving the environment.
Safeguarding public property is a Fundamental Duty (Article 51A(i)) but not explicitly a DPSP. Respect for the rich composite culture is a Fundamental Duty (Article 51A(f)) but not a DPSP. Promotion of cooperative societies is a DPSP (Article 43B) but not a Fundamental Duty.

34. Which one of the following statements with regard to Panchayats is not

Which one of the following statements with regard to Panchayats is not correct?

Members of Panchayats are elected directly by the Gram Sabha.
The elections to Panchayats are conducted by the State Election Commission.
The Central Government may by law authorize a Panchayat to levy taxes.
Every Panchayat continues for five years from the date of convening of its first meeting.
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Statement C is incorrect. According to Article 243H of the Constitution, the *Legislature of a State* may, by law, authorize a Panchayat to levy, collect and appropriate taxes, duties, tolls, and fees. The Central Government does not have the authority to do this by law.
The power to authorize Panchayats to levy taxes rests with the State Legislature, not the Central Government. This is a key aspect of the fiscal decentralization under Part IX of the Constitution relating to Panchayats.
Statement A is partially misleading but generally taken as correct in the context of direct election by the electorate within the ward; the Gram Sabha consists of all registered voters in a village, and these voters directly elect the members (ward representatives). Statement B is correct as per Article 243K. Statement D is correct as per Article 243E, ensuring a fixed term of five years for Panchayats.

35. The National Green Tribunal, set up to deal with the expeditious dispo

The National Green Tribunal, set up to deal with the expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection, was set up under the

12th Five-Year Plan
11th Five-Year Plan
10th Five-Year Plan
9th Five-Year Plan
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The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established in India by the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. The period covered by the 11th Five-Year Plan in India was from 2007 to 2012. Since the NGT Act was passed in 2010, its establishment falls within the duration of the 11th Five-Year Plan.
The key point is the year of establishment of the National Green Tribunal and the corresponding period of the Five-Year Plan. The NGT was established in 2010.
The National Green Tribunal is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues. It aims for expeditious environmental justice. It is an important statutory body created to handle cases relating to environmental protection, conservation of forests and other natural resources.

36. Which of the following statements about Binodini Dasi, a pioneering fi

Which of the following statements about Binodini Dasi, a pioneering figure in Bengali theatre in the late 19th-early 20th century, is/are correct?

  • 1. She was one of the prime movers behind the setting up of the Star Theatre (1883) in Calcutta.
  • 2. She serialized her autobiography Amar Katha (My Story) between 1910 and 1913.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The correct answer is C) Both 1 and 2.
Both statements about Binodini Dasi are correct:
1. Binodini Dasi (Noti Binodini) was a pivotal figure in the development of Bengali theatre. She was indeed instrumental in the establishment of the Star Theatre in Calcutta in 1883. She contributed significantly to the fundraising efforts for the theatre.
2. Her autobiography is titled ‘Amar Katha’ (My Story). It was first serialized in the periodical ‘Probashi’ between 1910 and 1913 before being published as a book. It provides valuable insights into her life, career, and the theatre world of her time.
Binodini Dasi was a highly successful actress who pioneered realistic acting on the Bengali stage. She worked with famous theatre personalities like Girish Chandra Ghosh and fostered the growth of public theatres in Calcutta. Her autobiography is considered a significant work in Bengali literature and history.

37. Which one of the following commercial centres declined after mid-eight

Which one of the following commercial centres declined after mid-eighteenth century?

Calcutta
Madras
Dhaka
Bombay
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The correct answer is C) Dhaka.
After the mid-eighteenth century, particularly following the Battle of Plassey (1757) and the consolidation of British power, colonial trade policies and the rise of port cities favoured by the British led to the decline of many traditional inland commercial centres. Dhaka, a major trading city and centre for fine textiles like muslin under Mughal rule, experienced a significant decline as British trade patterns shifted towards Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, and traditional industries faced competition from British manufactured goods. Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, on the other hand, grew exponentially under British rule, becoming major Presidency towns and hubs of colonial administration and trade.
The economic policies of the British East India Company and later the British Crown transformed India’s economy, leading to the decline of traditional manufacturing and trading centres and the rise of new port cities that served as nodes for exporting raw materials and importing finished goods from Britain.

38. Which of the following is/are considered as India’s green initiative(s

Which of the following is/are considered as India’s green initiative(s)?

  • 1. National Green Highways Mission
  • 2. R & D for Clean Coal Technologies
  • 3. National Green Corridor Programme

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
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The correct answer is D) 1, 2 and 3.
All three listed initiatives are considered India’s green initiatives aimed at environmental protection, sustainability, or promoting clean energy:
1. National Green Highways Mission focuses on developing green corridors along highways through plantations, which helps in carbon sequestration, reducing air pollution, and improving aesthetics.
2. R & D for Clean Coal Technologies aims to mitigate the environmental impact of coal-based power generation, which is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, by developing technologies like carbon capture and storage, and efficient combustion methods. This is a green initiative focused on reducing the environmental footprint of a major energy source.
3. National Green Corridor Programme (or Green Energy Corridor) facilitates the transmission of renewable energy (like solar and wind power) from generation rich areas to load centres, enabling greater integration of clean energy into the grid.
India has undertaken numerous initiatives under national missions and policies to promote sustainable development, renewable energy, pollution control, and environmental conservation. These three programs align with the broader goals of reducing carbon footprint and promoting environmental sustainability.

39. Multipliers will be lower with which one of the following?

Multipliers will be lower with which one of the following?

High marginal propensity to consume
Low marginal propensity to consume
High marginal propensity to invest
Low marginal propensity to save
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The correct answer is B) Low marginal propensity to consume.
In the simple Keynesian model, the multiplier (k) is given by the formula k = 1 / (1 – MPC), where MPC is the Marginal Propensity to Consume. MPC is the proportion of an increase in income that is spent on consumption.
– If MPC is high, (1 – MPC) is low, and the multiplier (1 / (1 – MPC)) is high.
– If MPC is low, (1 – MPC) is high, and the multiplier (1 / (1 – MPC)) is low.
Therefore, multipliers will be lower with a low marginal propensity to consume.
The Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) is the proportion of an increase in income that is saved. MPC + MPS = 1. So, the multiplier can also be written as k = 1 / MPS. A low MPC means a high MPS, and k = 1 / (high MPS) will be low. Conversely, a high MPC means a low MPS, and k = 1 / (low MPS) will be high.

40. Suppose the price of mangoes increases from ₹ 50 per kg to ₹ 75 per kg

Suppose the price of mangoes increases from ₹ 50 per kg to ₹ 75 per kg. Due to this, the demand for mangoes declines from 100 kg to 50 kg. Which one of the following is the price elasticity of demand for mangoes?

4
3
2
1
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The correct answer is D) 1.
The price elasticity of demand (Ed) can be calculated using the point elasticity formula. Using the initial point:
Price (P1) = ₹50, Quantity (Q1) = 100 kg
Price (P2) = ₹75, Quantity (Q2) = 50 kg
Change in Quantity (ΔQ) = Q2 – Q1 = 50 – 100 = -50
Change in Price (ΔP) = P2 – P1 = 75 – 50 = 25
Ed = |(ΔQ / Q1) / (ΔP / P1)| or |(ΔQ / ΔP) * (P1 / Q1)|
Ed = |(-50 / 100) / (25 / 50)| = |-0.5 / 0.5| = |-1| = 1.
Using the formula |(ΔQ / ΔP) * (P1 / Q1)| = |(-50 / 25) * (50 / 100)| = |-2 * 0.5| = |-1| = 1.
Using the final point (P2, Q2) would yield Ed = |(-50 / 25) * (75 / 50)| = |-2 * 1.5| = |-3| = 3. However, the standard calculation from the initial state is typically preferred unless using the midpoint formula (which would yield approx 1.67, not an option). Given the options, 1 is the result of the standard point elasticity calculation from the initial price and quantity.
Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in price. An elasticity of 1 means the demand is unit elastic, where the percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to the percentage change in price.
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