Arrange the following in correct chronological order
1. Charak Samhita
2. Bharat’s Natyashastra
3. Sangam Literature
4. Ashtadhyayi
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
1 - 3 - 4 - 2
2 - 4 - 1 - 3
4 - 3 - 1 - 2
3 - 1 - 2 - 4
Answer is Wrong!
Answer is Right!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2023
Arranging the texts in chronological order based on approximate standard datings:
4. Ashtadhyayi by Panini: Generally dated to the 4th century BCE.
3. Sangam Literature: Spans roughly from 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE, with some earlier roots. The core period (Ettuthogai and Pattupattu) is often placed from 1st century BCE to 2nd century CE.
2. Bharat’s Natyashastra: Dates vary, but often placed between 2nd century BCE and 2nd century CE, frequently cited around the 1st century BCE or 1st century CE.
1. Charak Samhita: Classical text on Ayurveda, generally dated to the 1st-2nd century CE.
The most plausible chronological order, starting with the earliest, is Ashtadhyayi, followed by the beginning of Sangam Literature, then Charak Samhita and Natyashastra (which are roughly contemporary or Natyashastra slightly earlier, but often grouped together). Option C places them as 4-3-1-2, which corresponds to Ashtadhyayi -> Sangam -> Charak Samhita -> Natyashastra. While the relative order of Charaka and Natyashastra can be debated, this is the only option that correctly places the earliest text (Ashtadhyayi) first and the ancient literature (Sangam) before the classical texts (Charaka/Natyashastra).
The chronological order of ancient Indian texts is often based on scholarly dating approximations, which can sometimes vary slightly. Ashtadhyayi is one of the earliest known Sanskrit texts. Sangam literature represents an early period of Tamil literature. Charak Samhita and Natyashastra are foundational texts in Ayurveda and performing arts, respectively, belonging to the classical period.