UPSC NDA-1

21. Consider the following statements: 1. The Constitution of India empo

Consider the following statements:

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  • 1. The Constitution of India empowers the Parliament to form new States and to alter the areas, boundaries or names of existing States by passing a resolution in simple majority.
  • 2. Jammu and Kashmir has been given special status under Article 370 of the Constitution of India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The correct answer is B) 2 only.
– Statement 1 says Parliament can form new States or alter areas/boundaries/names by “passing a resolution in simple majority”. Article 3 of the Constitution empowers Parliament to do so by enacting a *law*. Such a law requires a simple majority for passage (as per Article 4(2), it is not considered an amendment under Article 368). However, the process is through a legislative bill, not merely a resolution. A resolution is typically a formal expression of opinion or a decision on a procedural matter, not the instrument for creating a law. Thus, statement 1 is technically incorrect due to the use of the term “resolution”.
– Statement 2 says Jammu and Kashmir was given special status under Article 370. This is factually correct based on the Constitution of India as it existed until August 2019. Article 370 granted special autonomous status to J&K. While this status was subsequently revoked/modified, the statement accurately reflects a constitutional provision that existed for a long period. Assuming the question refers to the Constitution generally, this statement is correct.
– Therefore, only statement 2 is correct.
Article 3 of the Indian Constitution deals with the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. The process requires a Bill introduced in Parliament on the recommendation of the President, who must usually refer it to the concerned state legislature for expressing its views within a specified period. However, Parliament is not bound by the views of the state legislature. Article 370, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir, was abrogated/modified by the Government of India in August 2019 through Presidential Orders, effectively integrating J&K more fully with the Union.

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22. Which one of the following pairs of the Schedule in the Constitution o

Which one of the following pairs of the Schedule in the Constitution of India and its Content is not correctly matched ?

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Eighth Schedule : Languages
Second Schedule : The forms of oaths and affirmations
Fourth Schedule : Allocation of seats in the Council of States
Tenth Schedule : Provisions as to disqualification on the ground of defection
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The correct answer is B) Second Schedule : The forms of oaths and affirmations.
– The Second Schedule of the Constitution of India deals with the emoluments, allowances, privileges, and so on of: The President of India, the Governors of States, the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of a State, the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State, the Judges of the Supreme Court, the Judges of the High Courts, and the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
– The Third Schedule deals with the Forms of Oaths or Affirmations for various constitutional functionaries (Union and State Ministers, Members of Parliament and State Legislature, Judges, CAG, etc.).
– Eighth Schedule lists the languages recognized by the Constitution.
– Fourth Schedule deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the States and Union Territories.
– Tenth Schedule contains provisions relating to disqualification of Members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection (Anti-defection law).
– Therefore, the pairing of the Second Schedule with the forms of oaths and affirmations is incorrect.
There are currently 12 Schedules in the Constitution of India. They contain details about the provisions of the Articles of the Constitution. The original Constitution had 8 Schedules; four more were added through amendments.

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23. What is the number of mole(s) of H₂(g) required to saturate one mole b

What is the number of mole(s) of H₂(g) required to saturate one mole benzene ?

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1
2
3
4
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The correct answer is C) 3.
– Benzene (C₆H₆) is a cyclic organic compound with a hexagonal ring structure containing alternating single and double bonds (represented by resonance). Effectively, there are three double bonds in the benzene ring.
– Saturation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon involves adding hydrogen (H₂) to break the double or triple bonds, converting them into single bonds.
– The reaction for the complete hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) is:
C₆H₆ + 3 H₂ → C₆H₁₂
– Each mole of H₂ reacts with one mole of a double bond. Since benzene has three double bonds, 3 moles of H₂ are required to saturate one mole of benzene.
This reaction is typically carried out at high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst like Nickel, Platinum, or Palladium. The saturation of aromatic compounds like benzene is more difficult than that of simple alkenes or alkynes.

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24. Jelep La pass is located in

Jelep La pass is located in

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Punjab Himalaya
Sikkim Himalaya
Kumaon Himalaya
Kashmir Himalaya
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The correct answer is B) Sikkim Himalaya.
– Jelep La (also known as Jeluk La) is a high mountain pass situated at an altitude of approximately 4,267 meters (13,999 ft) in the Himalayas.
– It connects Sikkim in India with the Tibet Autonomous Region in China.
– Geographically, Sikkim falls within the Eastern Himalayas, specifically often referred to as the Sikkim Himalaya region.
Major mountain passes in the Himalayas are significant for trade, travel, and strategic reasons. Other important passes include Nathu La (also in Sikkim), Shipki La (Himachal Pradesh), Mana Pass and Niti Pass (Uttarakhand), and Zoji La and Banihal Pass (Jammu & Kashmir/Ladakh).

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25. The motion of a car along a straight path is shown by the following fi

The motion of a car along a straight path is shown by the following figure :
[Figure shows a line starting from O (0km) and points A (25km), B (35km), C (60km) along the path]
The car starts from O and reaches at A, B and C at different instants of time. During its motion from O to C and back to B, the distance covered and the magnitude of the displacement are, respectively

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25 km and 60 km
95 km and 35 km
60 km and 25 km
85 km and 35 km
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The correct answer is D) 85 km and 35 km.
– The car starts from O (0 km). It goes to C (60 km) and then comes back to B (35 km).
– Distance is the total path length covered. The car travels from O to C (60 km) and then from C back to B (60 km – 35 km = 25 km). Total distance covered = 60 km + 25 km = 85 km.
– Displacement is the straight-line distance and direction from the initial position to the final position. Initial position is O (0 km). Final position is B (35 km). The displacement is B – O = 35 km – 0 km = 35 km in the positive direction. The magnitude of displacement is 35 km.
Distance is a scalar quantity representing the total length of the path traveled. Displacement is a vector quantity representing the change in position from the starting point to the ending point. Its magnitude is the shortest distance between the initial and final points, and its direction is from initial to final.

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26. Which one of the following is not a form of stored energy ?

Which one of the following is not a form of stored energy ?

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Nuclear energy
Potential energy
Electrical energy
Chemical energy
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The correct answer is C) Electrical energy.
– Nuclear energy is stored energy within the nucleus of an atom.
– Potential energy is stored energy due to position, condition, or state (e.g., gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy).
– Chemical energy is stored energy in the bonds of chemical compounds.
– Electrical energy, as typically referred to (e.g., in a circuit), is energy associated with the movement of electric charges (current) or stored in electric fields (e.g., in a capacitor, which is a form of potential energy). While energy can be stored in electric fields or converted from/to electrical forms (like in batteries which store chemical energy), ‘electrical energy’ itself is often considered energy in transit or being used to do work, rather than a fundamental form of stored energy in the same way as potential, chemical, or nuclear energy.
Energy can exist in many forms and can be converted from one form to another according to the laws of thermodynamics. Stored energy, also known as potential energy in a broad sense, is energy that is not currently doing work but has the potential to do so.

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27. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched ? (National Park

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched ?
(National Park) : (Famous for)

1. Ranthambhore : Tiger
2. Periyar : Elephant
3. Manas : Lion
4. Gir : Rhinoceros

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1, 2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 4 only
2 only
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The correct answer is B) 1 and 2 only.
– Pair 1 (Ranthambhore : Tiger) is correctly matched. Ranthambhore National Park in Rajasthan is renowned for its tiger population and conservation efforts.
– Pair 2 (Periyar : Elephant) is correctly matched. Periyar National Park in Kerala is famous for its elephant reserve and tiger reserve.
– Pair 3 (Manas : Lion) is incorrectly matched. Manas National Park in Assam is known for tigers, pygmy hogs, elephants, and rhinos, but not lions. Asiatic Lions are primarily found in Gir National Park.
– Pair 4 (Gir : Rhinoceros) is incorrectly matched. Gir National Park in Gujarat is famous as the last refuge of the Asiatic Lion. Rhinoceroses (especially the Indian single-horned rhino) are found in parks like Kaziranga and Manas in Assam.
National Parks are areas designated for the protection and conservation of wildlife and biodiversity. Each park often has specific flagship species it is particularly known for, although they host a variety of flora and fauna.

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28. Which one of the following statements with regard to expansion of mate

Which one of the following statements with regard to expansion of materials due to heating is not correct ?

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As ice melts, it expands uniformly up to 4°C.
Mercury thermometer works using the principle of expansion due to heating.
Small gap is kept between two rails to allow for expansion due to heating.
The length of metallic wire increases when its temperature is increased.
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The statement “As ice melts, it expands uniformly up to 4°C” is not correct.
Most substances expand when heated, but water exhibits anomalous expansion between 0°C and 4°C. When ice melts at 0°C, it forms liquid water which is denser than ice. As liquid water is heated from 0°C to 4°C, it *contracts* and its density increases, reaching maximum density at 4°C. Only above 4°C does water expand like most other substances when heated. Therefore, the statement that water expands uniformly up to 4°C after melting is incorrect; it contracts from 0°C to 4°C.
Statements B, C, and D are correct applications or observations of thermal expansion. Mercury thermometers work because mercury expands linearly with temperature. Gaps in railway tracks prevent buckling caused by the linear expansion of the rails on hot days. Metallic wires also undergo linear expansion when heated, increasing their length. The anomalous expansion of water is crucial for aquatic life in cold climates, as the densest water (at 4°C) sinks to the bottom, preventing lakes from freezing solid from top to bottom.

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29. The impulse on a particle due to a force acting on it during a given t

The impulse on a particle due to a force acting on it during a given time interval is equal to the change in its

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force
momentum
work done
energy
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The impulse on a particle due to a force acting on it during a given time interval is equal to the change in its momentum.
This is a fundamental principle in physics known as the Impulse-Momentum Theorem. Impulse (J) is defined as the product of the force (F) and the time interval (Δt) over which the force acts (J = FΔt). Momentum (p) is the product of mass (m) and velocity (v) (p = mv). The theorem states that the impulse applied to an object is equal to the change in its momentum: J = Δp = mv_f – mv_i, where v_f is the final velocity and v_i is the initial velocity.
Impulse is a vector quantity, having the same direction as the force. The unit of impulse is Newton-second (N·s), which is equivalent to the unit of momentum, kilogram-meter per second (kg·m/s). The Impulse-Momentum Theorem is derived from Newton’s second law of motion (F = ma = m * Δv/Δt) rearranged as FΔt = mΔv.

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30. In Thar region, the shifting sand dunes are locally known as

In Thar region, the shifting sand dunes are locally known as

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Dhrian
Daurs
Dhoros
Dhaya
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In the Thar region, the shifting sand dunes are locally known as Dhrian.
The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, has various types of sand dunes. Shifting sand dunes, which change shape and location due to wind action, are a prominent feature. In the local dialect of the region (parts of Rajasthan), these shifting dunes are referred to as ‘Dhrian’. ‘Dhoros’ is another local term, often used for sand hills or dunes, which may be stabilized or partially stabilized, but ‘Dhrian’ specifically refers to the actively shifting variety.
Other types of dunes found in the Thar Desert include barchans (crescent-shaped dunes), parabolic dunes, and longitudinal dunes. Local terminology varies across the region.

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