Human body works in the pH range of:
[amp_mcq option1=”6.8 – 7.2″ option2=”7.0 – 7.8″ option3=”6.5 – 7.5″ option4=”7.5 – 8.0″ correct=”option2″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
UPSC NDA-1
2. Water gas is a mixture of:
Water gas is a mixture of:
[amp_mcq option1=”CO₂ and H₂” option2=”CO and H₂” option3=”CO₂ and H₂O” option4=”CO and H₂O” correct=”option2″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
3. Which of the following statements about Vijayanagara king Krishnadevar
Which of the following statements about Vijayanagara king Krishnadevaraya’s expeditions are correct ?
- 1. In the early years of his reign he marched against the ruler of Orissa.
- 2. In 1520 CE, he captured the fort of Raichur from Ismail Adil Khan.
- 3. Krishnadevaraya restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power and assumed the title of Yavanasthapanacharya.
Select the answer using the code given below :
[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 3 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1, 2 and 3″ option4=”1 and 2 only” correct=”option3″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
– **Statement 2: In 1520 CE, he captured the fort of Raichur from Ismail Adil Khan.** This is correct. The Battle of Raichur in 1520 CE was a major military engagement where Krishnadevaraya decisively defeated the forces of Ismail Adil Shah, the Sultan of Bijapur, and captured the strategic fort of Raichur Doab, located between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers.
– **Statement 3: Krishnadevaraya restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power and assumed the title of Yavanasthapanacharya.** This is correct. Krishnadevaraya intervened in the affairs of the Bahmani Sultanate (which had fragmented into Deccan Sultanates). After defeating some factions, he helped restore the rightful Bahmani Sultan, Mahmud Shah II, who had been imprisoned, to the throne. In recognition of this act of re-establishing the “Yavana” (Muslim) kingdom, he took the title ‘Yavanarajya sthapanacharya’ or ‘Establisher of the Yavana Kingdom’.
4. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :
| List-I (System/Category) |
List-II (Description) |
|---|---|
| A. Upari | 1. Peasants directly responsible for the payment of revenue |
| B. Pattadar | 2. Category of tenancy tenure held under the Marathas |
| C. Mirasidar | 3. Gifts of land or land revenue |
| D. Inam lands | 4. Co-parcenary title holder and designated revenue payer in southern India |
[amp_mcq option1=”2 1 4 3″ option2=”2 4 1 3″ option3=”3 4 1 2″ option4=”3 1 4 2″ correct=”option1″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
– **B. Pattadar:** A Pattadar is a landholder who possesses a ‘patta’, a document issued by the government acknowledging ownership or occupancy rights and often specifying the land revenue to be paid. Pattadars were directly responsible for paying revenue on the land recorded in their name. This matches with List-II Description 1 (Peasants directly responsible for the payment of revenue).
– **C. Mirasidar:** Mirasidars were a class of hereditary proprietors or co-parceners of village land in southern India, particularly in the Tamil country, during the pre-British and early British periods. They held traditional rights in the village lands and were collectively or individually responsible for paying the land revenue. This matches with List-II Description 4 (Co-parcenary title holder and designated revenue payer in southern India).
– **D. Inam lands:** Inam refers to a grant of land or land revenue, often made by rulers as a reward or for services, to individuals, religious institutions, or service holders. These lands were often exempted from or assessed at a reduced rate of land tax. This matches with List-II Description 3 (Gifts of land or land revenue).
5. Consider the following events : 1. Launch of Non-Cooperation Movemen
Consider the following events :
- 1. Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement
- 2. All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi
- 3. Passing of the Rowlatt Act
- 4. Jallianwala Bagh incident
Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the given events (earliest to latest) ?
[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2, 3, 4″ option2=”3, 4, 2, 1″ option3=”3, 2, 4, 1″ option4=”2, 3, 4, 1″ correct=”option2″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
– **4. Jallianwala Bagh incident:** This horrific event took place on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab. A large crowd had gathered peacefully to protest the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of nationalist leaders, when British troops, under the command of General Dyer, fired upon the unarmed crowd, resulting in hundreds of deaths.
– **2. All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi:** Several Khilafat conferences were held. A major conference took place in Delhi in November 1919, where the leadership, including Gandhiji, discussed cooperation with the Non-Cooperation movement. Gandhiji became president of the All-India Khilafat Committee later.
– **1. Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement:** Gandhiji announced the formal launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement on August 1, 1920, following the death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak and in conjunction with the Khilafat issue. The movement gained momentum in the following months after the Calcutta Special Session (September 1920) and Nagpur Session (December 1920) of the Indian National Congress approved the program.
6. Social theorists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries emphasised
Social theorists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries emphasised the emergence of industrialisation, urbanisation, secularisation and bureaucratisation as hallmarks of :
[amp_mcq option1=”Modernity” option2=”Feudalism” option3=”Kingship” option4=”Medievalism” correct=”option1″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
– **Industrialisation** is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It involves technological innovation and factory production.
– **Urbanisation** is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. It is closely linked to industrialisation as factories and jobs are often concentrated in cities.
– **Secularisation** is the process by which religion loses its social and cultural significance in a society. It involves a shift from religious institutions dominating social life to religious belief becoming a more private matter.
– **Bureaucratisation** is the process by which organisations are increasingly structured by impersonal rules, hierarchical authority, and specialized roles, as described by sociologist Max Weber as a characteristic of modern states and large organizations.
7. First coins in Indian history bearing the names and images of rulers w
First coins in Indian history bearing the names and images of rulers were issued by the :
[amp_mcq option1=”Mauryas” option2=”Pushyabhutis” option3=”Guptas” option4=”Indo-Greeks” correct=”option4″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
– The **Indo-Greeks** ruled parts of northwestern India from around the late 3rd century BCE to the early 1st century CE. Influenced by Hellenistic numismatic traditions, they introduced coins featuring realistic portraits of the rulers along with their names, often in Greek and Brahmi or Kharosthi scripts. This marked a significant departure in Indian coinage.
– The **Guptas** (c. 320–550 CE) later issued a wide variety of sophisticated gold, silver, and copper coins. Their gold coins, in particular, featured images of the rulers (e.g., Samudragupta playing the Veena, Chandragupta II with a lion) and their names, continuing and evolving the tradition introduced by the Indo-Greeks.
– The **Pushyabhutis** (or Vardhana dynasty, 6th and 7th centuries CE) ruled in parts of northern India much later than the Indo-Greeks and Guptas. Their coinage included types like those of Harshavardhana, which were influenced by earlier Gupta styles but were not the *first* to bear rulers’ names and images.
8. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :
List-I
(Unit in use in early India)
List-II
(Content)
| A. Muhurta | 1. Measure of weight |
| B. Raktika | 2. Measure of time |
| C. Angula | 3. Metre of poetry |
| D. Pada | 4. Measure of length |
Code :
| A | B | C | D | |
| (a) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| (b) | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| (c) | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| (d) | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
[amp_mcq option1=”2, 1, 4, 3″ option2=”2, 4, 1, 3″ option3=”3, 4, 1, 2″ option4=”3, 1, 4, 2″ correct=”option1″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
– **Raktika:** Raktika (often known as Ratti) is a traditional Indian unit of mass or weight, historically based on the seed of the Abrus precatorius plant. It was widely used for weighing precious materials like gold and silver and in coinage. This matches with List-II Content 1 (Measure of weight).
– **Angula:** Angula is an ancient Indian unit of length, roughly equivalent to the width of a finger. Different texts and regions had slightly varying definitions, but it fundamentally represented a measure of length. This matches with List-II Content 4 (Measure of length).
– **Pada:** In the context of ancient Indian literature and grammar, Pada primarily refers to a ‘foot’ or a quarter-verse in poetry. It is a unit used in the structure and metre of poetic compositions. This matches with List-II Content 3 (Metre of poetry).
9. Which of the following statements are correct ? 1. British ‘trade su
Which of the following statements are correct ?
- 1. British ‘trade surplus’ with India in the nineteenth century meant that the value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British imports from India.
- 2. India played a crucial role in the late-nineteenth-century world economy by helping Britain balance its deficits.
- 3. Britain grew opium in India and exported it to China and, therefore, for a while after the 1820s, opium became India’s single largest export.
- 4. The nineteenth century saw export of Indian raw materials decline, and that of manufactured goods increase.
Select the answer using the code given below :
[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”3 and 4 only” option3=”1, 2, 3 and 4″ option4=”1, 2 and 3 only” correct=”option4″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
– **Statement 2:** India played a crucial role in the late-nineteenth-century world economy by helping Britain balance its deficits. This is correct. India’s large trade surplus with countries like China and other parts of the world, primarily through the export of raw materials and opium, generated foreign exchange that was remitted to Britain to cover Britain’s own trade deficits with countries like the US and in Europe.
– **Statement 3:** Britain grew opium in India and exported it to China and, therefore, for a while after the 1820s, opium became India’s single largest export. This is largely correct. Opium cultivation in India was promoted and controlled by the British East India Company and later the British government. The export of opium to China, especially after the 1820s, became hugely profitable and constituted a significant portion of India’s export revenue, arguably becoming the single largest commodity export during certain periods.
– **Statement 4:** The nineteenth century saw export of Indian raw materials decline, and that of manufactured goods increase. This is incorrect. The 19th century was characterized by the deindustrialization of India, particularly its traditional textile industry, due to competition from British manufactured goods and colonial policies. Consequently, exports of Indian manufactured goods declined, while exports of raw materials (cotton, jute, indigo, tea, etc.) increased significantly to feed British industries.
10. Consider the two statements given below: Statement-1 : Infrared waves
Consider the two statements given below: Statement-1 : Infrared waves are also called heat waves. Statement-2 : Water molecules readily absorb infrared waves. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
[amp_mcq option1=”Both the statements are individually true and Statement-2 is the correct explanation of Statement-1.” option2=”Both the statements are individually true, but Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of Statement-1.” option3=”Statement-1 is true, but Statement-2 is false.” option4=”Statement-2 is true, but Statement-1 is false.” correct=”option1″]
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
– **Statement-2: Water molecules readily absorb infrared waves.** This is also true. Water molecules have vibrational modes that efficiently absorb infrared radiation, particularly in certain wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. This strong absorption is why water heats up when exposed to infrared sources (like sunlight or a heater) and why infrared spectroscopy is useful for studying water.