UPSC Geoscientist

41. Who among the following is credited with pioneering the oral rehydrati

Who among the following is credited with pioneering the oral rehydration therapy?

Anandi Joshi
Bidhan Chandra Roy
Dilip Mahalanabis
Siddhartha Mukherjee
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Dr. Dilip Mahalanabis is widely credited with pioneering and popularizing the use of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT).
Dr. Mahalanabis demonstrated the effectiveness of ORT during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War refugee crisis, drastically reducing mortality rates from cholera among children.
ORT, a simple and inexpensive mixture of sugar, salt, and water, is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a crucial intervention for treating dehydration caused by diarrhea, saving millions of lives globally. Dr. Mahalanabis received several international awards for his work on ORT, including the Prince Mahidol Award and the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award.

42. The area under millets cultivation is the highest in

The area under millets cultivation is the highest in

Asia
Africa
America
Europe
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Africa is the continent with the highest area under millet cultivation.
Millets are drought-resistant crops vital for food security, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, with significant cultivation areas in both Africa and Asia.
According to various sources, including the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), African countries like Nigeria, Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso are major producers and have large cultivated areas of millets (including sorghum and pearl millet), contributing significantly to the global total area. While Asia (especially India) is a major producer by volume, the cultivated area is larger in Africa.

43. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), one of t

According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), one of the recent large-scale accidental releases of methane gas into the ocean occurred in

Exxon Valdez
Nord Stream
Deepwater Horizon
Atlantic Empress
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According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), one of the recent large-scale accidental releases of methane gas into the ocean occurred in Nord Stream.
– In September 2022, leaks were discovered in the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea.
– These pipelines carried natural gas (primarily methane) from Russia to Europe. The leaks resulted in a massive release of methane into the atmosphere and the surrounding ocean.
– UNEP and other organizations reported on the scale and environmental implications of this event, describing it as potentially the largest single release of methane from a single source ever recorded.
Exxon Valdez and Atlantic Empress were major oil spills. Deepwater Horizon was also primarily an oil spill, although there was also associated natural gas release. The Nord Stream incident is distinguished by being a massive release *specifically of methane* from undersea gas infrastructure.

44. The recent outbreak of extremely contagious lumpy skin disease affects

The recent outbreak of extremely contagious lumpy skin disease affects mostly which one of the following animals?

Cow
Dog
Pig
Horse
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The recent outbreak of extremely contagious lumpy skin disease affects mostly Cow (cattle).
– Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle and water buffalo, caused by a virus of the genus Capripoxvirus.
– It is transmitted by insects and causes characteristic skin nodules (lumps), fever, reduced milk production, and can lead to death.
LSD does not typically affect dogs, pigs, or horses. The disease caused significant outbreaks in cattle populations across India and neighboring countries in 2022 and 2023, leading to substantial economic losses for farmers.

45. Thundi Beach and Kadmat Beach, which recently entered the coveted list

Thundi Beach and Kadmat Beach, which recently entered the coveted list of Blue Beaches, an eco-label given to the cleanest beaches in the world, are located in

Puducherry
Lakshadweep
Kerala
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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Thundi Beach and Kadmat Beach, which recently entered the coveted list of Blue Beaches, are located in Lakshadweep.
– Blue Flag is an international eco-label awarded to beaches, marinas, and sustainable boating tourism operators based on strict environmental, educational, safety, and accessibility criteria.
– Thundi and Kadmat beaches in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep received the Blue Flag certification in October 2022.
India has been increasing the number of its beaches receiving the Blue Flag certification as part of its coastal development and environmental protection efforts. Other Indian beaches with Blue Flag certification include Kovalam (Tamil Nadu), Eden (Puducherry), Ezhimala (Kerala – not certified), Kasarkod (Karnataka), Padubidri (Karnataka), Kappad (Kerala), Rushikonda (Andhra Pradesh), Golden (Odisha), Radhanagar (Andaman & Nicobar Islands), Shivrajpur (Gujarat), and Ghoghla (Diu).

46. Who among the following players won the Golden Boot Award in FIFA Worl

Who among the following players won the Golden Boot Award in FIFA World Cup, 2022?

Lionel Messi
Kylian Mbappe
Angel Di Maria
Thomas Muller
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Kylian Mbappe won the Golden Boot Award in FIFA World Cup, 2022.
– The Golden Boot award is presented to the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup tournament.
– In the 2022 FIFA World Cup held in Qatar, French player Kylian Mbappe scored 8 goals, securing the award.
Lionel Messi of Argentina finished second with 7 goals. Argentina won the 2022 FIFA World Cup, defeating France in the final. Thomas Muller won the Golden Boot in 2010 and was among the top scorers in subsequent tournaments but not in 2022. Angel Di Maria is an Argentine player.

47. Freddie, Elton, Oban, Siyaya, Aasha, Tbilisi, Sasha and Savannah are n

Freddie, Elton, Oban, Siyaya, Aasha, Tbilisi, Sasha and Savannah are names of

nuclear reactors of Ukraine
cheetahs brought to India from Namibia
National Parks of Tanzania
tropical and sub-tropical grasslands
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Freddie, Elton, Oban, Siyaya, Aasha, Tbilisi, Sasha and Savannah are names of cheetahs brought to India from Namibia.
– These are the names of the eight cheetahs (five females and three males) that were translocated from Namibia to India in September 2022 as part of a project to reintroduce cheetahs in the country.
– They were released into enclosures in Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh. Siyaya later gave birth to cubs in the park.
India declared the cheetah extinct in 1952. The reintroduction project aims to establish a viable cheetah population in the country. More cheetahs have since been translocated from South Africa to Kuno National Park and other designated sites.

48. According to the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), 2023, India

According to the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), 2023, India climbed two spots to rank

seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
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According to the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), 2023, India climbed two spots to rank eighth.
– India ranked 8th in the CCPI 2023 report, published by Germanwatch, NewClimate Institute, and Climate Action Network.
– This represents an improvement of two ranks compared to India’s position (10th) in the CCPI 2022.
The CCPI evaluates countries’ climate protection performance across four categories: GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, and Climate Policy. In the CCPI 2023, no country was ranked in the top three positions, signifying that no country’s performance was deemed sufficient to prevent dangerous climate change. Denmark, Sweden, Chile, and Morocco were ranked 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th, respectively.

49. Which one of the following States of India has the largest area under

Which one of the following States of India has the largest area under ravines?

Uttar Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Punjab
Gujarat
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Among the given options, Uttar Pradesh has one of the largest areas under ravines in India.
– Ravine erosion is a severe form of gully erosion that leads to the formation of deep gorges or ravines, particularly in semi-arid regions with soft alluvial deposits.
– The Chambal basin and parts of the Yamuna basin are known for extensive ravines. These areas are spread across states like Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
While Madhya Pradesh is often cited as having the largest area under severe gully erosion or ravines, Uttar Pradesh also possesses significant ravine-affected areas, especially in its southern regions along the Yamuna and its tributaries. Among the given options, Uttar Pradesh is the state with the most extensive ravine area. Himachal Pradesh is mountainous, Punjab is primarily plains, and Gujarat has some affected areas but less extensive than UP or MP.

50. Which one of the following countries is landlocked?

Which one of the following countries is landlocked?

Paraguay
Uruguay
Suriname
Colombia
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Paraguay is a landlocked country among the given options.
– A landlocked country is a sovereign state that does not have territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie on endorheic basins.
– Paraguay is situated in central South America and is bordered by Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia, with no direct access to the sea.
Uruguay has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Colombia has coastlines on both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, Uruguay, Suriname, and Colombia are not landlocked. Bolivia is another landlocked country in South America.
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