UPSC Geoscientist

1. Which one of the following mixtures will not have uniform composition?

Which one of the following mixtures will not have uniform composition?

Oil in water
Sulphur in carbon disulphide
Alcohol in water
Sugar in water
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The correct answer is Oil in water.
A mixture with uniform composition throughout is called a homogeneous mixture, while a mixture with non-uniform composition is called a heterogeneous mixture. Solutions (like sugar in water, alcohol in water, sulphur in carbon disulphide) are homogeneous mixtures.
Oil and water are immiscible liquids, meaning they do not dissolve in each other. When mixed, they form distinct layers, resulting in a heterogeneous mixture with non-uniform composition.

2. Which one of the following has the least density at room temperature?

Which one of the following has the least density at room temperature?

Milk
Acetone
Red soil
Iron
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Among the given options, Acetone has the least density at room temperature.
– Approximate densities at room temperature:
– Milk: Approx. 1.03 g/cm³ (slightly denser than water).
– Acetone: Approx. 0.79 g/cm³ (a lightweight organic solvent).
– Red soil: Bulk density varies greatly but is typically in the range of 1.2 to 1.6 g/cm³ or higher, depending on composition and compaction. Even the solid mineral components have densities around 2.6-2.7 g/cm³.
– Iron: Approx. 7.87 g/cm³ (a dense metal).
– Comparing these values, Acetone (0.79 g/cm³) has the lowest density.
– Density is defined as mass per unit volume.
– Different substances have different densities due to the mass of their constituent particles and how closely they are packed.
– Solids are generally denser than liquids, which are generally denser than gases, though there are exceptions (e.g., ice is less dense than water).

3. The speed of particles in a matter usually increases with a rise in te

The speed of particles in a matter usually increases with a rise in temperature. Which one of the following phenomena is responsible for it?

An increase in kinetic energy
A decrease in kinetic energy
An increase in decomposition
A decrease in reaction rate
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The phenomenon responsible for the speed of particles in matter usually increasing with a rise in temperature is an increase in kinetic energy.
– Temperature is a direct measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles (atoms, molecules, ions) within a substance.
– As temperature increases, the particles absorb thermal energy, which is converted into kinetic energy.
– Increased kinetic energy means the particles move faster and vibrate more vigorously.
– This increase in particle speed and kinetic energy explains phenomena like diffusion happening faster at higher temperatures, the expansion of matter when heated, and the transition between states of matter (solid to liquid, liquid to gas) as particles gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces.
– Options C and D relate to chemical reaction rates, which are influenced by the kinetic energy and collisions of particles, but the fundamental reason for increased particle speed with temperature is the increased kinetic energy itself.

4. Which one of the following statements with regard to the World Immigra

Which one of the following statements with regard to the World Immigration Report, 2020 prepared by the United Nations is NOT correct?

India had the largest number of migrants living abroad
United States was the top destination country
United States was the top remittance-sending country
China was the top remittance recipient country
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The statement “China was the top remittance recipient country” with regard to the World Migration Report, 2020 prepared by the United Nations (IOM) is NOT correct.
– The World Migration Report 2020, published by the UN’s International Organization for Migration (IOM), stated that India was the top remittance recipient country globally in 2019 (the data year for the 2020 report).
– Statement A is correct: The report confirmed India as the largest country of origin for international migrants.
– Statement B is correct: The report identified the United States as the main destination country for international migrants.
– Statement C is correct: While not explicitly stating the US as the *absolute* top sender in all categories, the US is consistently among the leading countries for total value of remittances sent globally due to its large economy and migrant population. World Bank data for 2019/2020 confirms the US as the top source country.
– Remittances are financial transfers from migrants to their home countries. They are a significant source of foreign exchange and income for many developing countries.
– The World Migration Report is a biennial publication providing data and analysis on international migration trends.

5. According to a recent report by the Ministry of Environment, Forest an

According to a recent report by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, how much of India’s total geographic area is covered as protected areas?

About 5%
About 7%
About 10%
About 15%
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According to reports by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), India’s total geographic area covered as protected areas is about 5%.
– Protected Areas (PAs) in India include National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserves.
– As of recent years (e.g., reports around 2020-2021), the total area covered by these categories is slightly over 5% of India’s total geographical area. For instance, data often cites figures around 5.03% to 5.2% depending on the exact count and declared area at the time of the report.
– The given option “About 5%” is the closest and most accurate representation among the choices.
– India has significantly increased its protected area network over the years.
– The protected areas play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and habitat protection.

6. Recently DRDO developed and handed over a bike-based casualty transpor

Recently DRDO developed and handed over a bike-based casualty transport emergency vehicle to CRPF. What is the name of the vehicle?

Pratiksha
Rakshita
Nirbhaya
Devdut
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The name of the bike-based casualty transport emergency vehicle developed by DRDO and handed over to CRPF is ‘Rakshita’.
– ‘Rakshita’ is a specially designed motorcycle ambulance.
– It was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)’s Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS).
– The vehicle is intended for use in narrow roads and remote locations where traditional ambulances cannot reach easily, particularly useful for paramilitary forces like CRPF operating in challenging terrains.
– The bike is equipped with a reclining casualty evacuation seat (which can be customised), a head immobiliser, safety harness jacket, and physiological parameter monitoring equipment.
– It allows for quick medical intervention and transport of injured personnel from difficult areas.

7. Who among the following Presidents of USA resigned before he could be

Who among the following Presidents of USA resigned before he could be impeached?

Richard Nixon
Andrew Johnson
Bill Clinton
Jimmy Carter
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Richard Nixon is the only US President who resigned from office before he could be impeached by the House of Representatives and potentially removed from office by the Senate.
– Richard Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974, amidst the Watergate scandal.
– The House Judiciary Committee had already approved articles of impeachment, and it was widely expected that the full House would vote to impeach him.
– Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton were both impeached by the House of Representatives but were acquitted by the Senate and thus remained in office.
– Jimmy Carter completed his term but was not re-elected; he did not face impeachment proceedings.
– Impeachment is a process by which a legislative body addresses charges against a government official. In the US, the House of Representatives has the power to impeach, and the Senate has the power to try the impeached official.
– Impeachment requires a simple majority vote in the House; conviction and removal require a two-thirds majority in the Senate.
– Three US Presidents have been impeached: Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and Donald Trump (twice). None have been removed from office through conviction in the Senate.

8. Pulikulam is an indigenous breed of:

Pulikulam is an indigenous breed of:

Buffalo
Horse
Cow
Goat
This question was previously asked in
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Pulikulam is an indigenous breed of Cow (cattle) found in Tamil Nadu, India.
– Pulikulam cattle are primarily found in the Madurai and Sivagangai districts of Tamil Nadu.
– They are known for their hardiness and are traditionally used as draft animals.
– This breed is also specifically associated with the traditional bull-taming sport of Jallikattu.
– Other indigenous Indian cattle breeds include Sahiwal, Gir, Red Sindhi, Tharparkar, Kankrej, etc.
– India has a rich diversity of indigenous livestock breeds adapted to local conditions.

9. Which one of the following statements on Climate of India is NOT

Which one of the following statements on Climate of India is NOT correct?

Year 2020 was the eighth warmest year on record since 1901
12 out of 15 warmest years were during the recent fifteen years (2006-2020)
During the year 2020, the monsoon season rainfall over the country as a whole was below normal
Past decade (2001-2010/ 2010-2020) was the warmest decade on record
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2021
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The statement “During the year 2020, the monsoon season rainfall over the country as a whole was below normal” is NOT correct.
– According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD) reports for 2020, the Southwest Monsoon rainfall over the country as a whole was above normal, specifically 109% of the Long Period Average (LPA).
– Statement A is correct: IMD data confirmed 2020 was the eighth warmest year on record since 1901.
– Statement B is correct: Global and Indian climate trends show that most of the warmest years on record have occurred in recent decades. IMD reports confirm that 12 out of the 15 warmest years during 1901-2020 were in the period 2006-2020.
– Statement D is correct: Recent decades, such as 2001-2010 and 2011-2020, have been the warmest decades on record for India, consistent with global warming trends.
– IMD releases annual climate summaries and reports on monsoon performance, which are key sources for such information.
– The Long Period Average (LPA) is the average rainfall recorded over a specific period (currently 1971-2020 for the southwest monsoon) used as a benchmark to classify monsoon performance (e.g., normal, above normal, below normal).

10. The CollabCAD software is jointly launched by NIC and:

The CollabCAD software is jointly launched by NIC and:

National Institute of Open Schooling
Central Board of Secondary Education
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan
Indira Gandhi National Open University
This question was previously asked in
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The CollabCAD software was jointly launched by NIC (National Informatics Centre) and the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).
– CollabCAD is a collaborative 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software.
– It was launched under the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) umbrella, in collaboration with NITI Aayog, NIC, and CBSE.
– The aim was to provide a platform for students, particularly in Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs), to create and modify 3D designs.
– The software is designed to promote creativity and innovation among school students, encouraging them to learn design skills.
– The collaboration leveraged NIC’s technological expertise and CBSE’s reach within the school education system.
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