UPSC CDS-1 Archives

61. Consider the following statements regarding Bhoonidhi Vista : It is

Consider the following statements regarding Bhoonidhi Vista :

It is a data visualisation service of Bhoonidhi providing full resolution mosaicked data visualisation capability through Web Map Service.
It is enabled for ResourceSat-2/2A, Sentinel 1 and 2 satellites.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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The correct option is C) Both 1 and 2.

Statement 1 is correct: Bhoonidhi is ISRO’s Earth Observation Data Dissemination portal. Bhoonidhi Vista is a service under Bhoonidhi that provides visualization capabilities for geospatial data, including full-resolution mosaicked data, often accessible via Web Map Service (WMS). Statement 2 is correct: ISRO/NRSC processes and provides data from its own ResourceSat series of satellites (ResourceSat-2/2A) and also serves as a dissemination node for European Space Agency’s Copernicus data, including from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites. Bhoonidhi and its visualization tools like Vista are enabled to handle and display data from these diverse sources.

Bhoonidhi aims to be a comprehensive platform for accessing and utilizing Indian and select international satellite remote sensing data. Integration of data from multiple satellite missions, including both national and international ones like the Sentinel series, is a key feature of such modern geospatial data portals to provide a wider range of datasets to users for various applications.

62. Which of the following statements about the International Court of Jus

Which of the following statements about the International Court of Justice is/are correct?

The Court consists of members, wherein two members cannot be nationals of the same State.
The General Assembly and the Security Council proceed independently of one another to elect the members of the Court.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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The correct option is C) Both 1 and 2.

Statement 1 is correct: According to Article 3, paragraph 1 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Court consists of fifteen members, and no two of them may be nationals of the same State. Statement 2 is correct: As per Article 8 of the Statute, the members of the Court are elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council, which proceed independently of one another during the election process. A candidate must obtain an absolute majority of votes in both organs.

The independent voting process in the General Assembly and the Security Council ensures that candidates elected to the ICJ bench have broad support within the United Nations system. This method is designed to prevent any single permanent member of the Security Council from unilaterally blocking a candidate while also ensuring representation and legitimacy through the General Assembly.

63. Consider the following statements : In India, the Special Marriage A

Consider the following statements :

In India, the Special Marriage Act protects an individual if one enters into an interreligious marriage.
Right to marry a person of one’s choice is an integral aspect of one’s Fundamental Rights under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights also resonates marital rights of every adult consenting individuals.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

1 only

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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The correct option is C) 1, 2 and 3.

Statement 1 is correct: The Special Marriage Act, 1954, provides a legal framework for civil marriage in India, enabling interreligious and inter-caste marriages without requiring conversion, thereby protecting the individual’s right to marry outside their religion. Statement 2 is correct: The Supreme Court of India has affirmed in several judgments that the right to marry a person of one’s choice is an integral part of the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. Statement 3 is correct: Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) explicitly recognizes the right of men and women of full age to marry and found a family, based on their free and full consent, without discrimination.

The legal recognition of the right to marry a person of one’s choice under Article 21 reinforces individual autonomy and choice in personal matters. The Special Marriage Act is a crucial piece of legislation supporting this right by providing a secular avenue for marriage registration. The UDHR sets a global standard for human rights, and Article 16 is a foundational statement on the right to marry.

64. Which of the following statements about ‘Marrakech Partnership’ is/are

Which of the following statements about ‘Marrakech Partnership’ is/are correct?

It is an intergovernmental partnership for global climate action.
It is not only an intergovernmental partnership for global climate action but also a collaboration between governments and other stakeholders like cities, businesses and investors.
This partnership is guided by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

2 only

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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The correct option is C) 1, 2 and 3.

The Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action supports the implementation of the Paris Agreement. It mobilizes climate action by Parties (governments) and non-Party stakeholders including cities, businesses, investors, and civil society. Therefore, it is indeed a collaboration that involves governments (making it partly intergovernmental) but is not limited to them (as stated in point 2). The climate action goals under the Paris Agreement are aligned with and contribute to the broader 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly SDG 13 on climate action, so the partnership is guided by this agenda.

The Marrakech Partnership aims to accelerate climate action through annual events (like the Global Climate Action High-Level Event at COPs) and various initiatives that foster collaboration between state and non-state actors. Its focus is on demonstrating how non-Party stakeholders can support governments in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement.

65. On a day when I am in hurry to go to office, I have a fixed quantity o

On a day when I am in hurry to go to office, I have a fixed quantity of rice which was just cooked and kept in a bowl. In order to cool it quickly, which one of the following is the best option?

Let it be kept on the table in a room where there is no fan, no air conditioner

Let it be kept in a room with AC set at a temperature around 23 °C and a ceiling fan (or table fan) operating at slow speed

Let it be kept in a bowl of water (at room temperature) and operating a ceiling fan (or table fan) at full speed

Let it be kept in a bowl of water at room temperature only

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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The correct option is C) Let it be kept in a bowl of water (at room temperature) and operating a ceiling fan (or table fan) at full speed.

Rapid cooling is achieved by maximizing the rate of heat transfer from the rice to the surroundings. Putting the bowl in a water bath (option C and D) allows for efficient heat transfer by conduction from the rice through the bowl to the water. Operating a fan (option B and C) increases the rate of convection of air over the surface, enhancing cooling. The combination of placing the bowl in water and using a fan is the most effective because the water bath provides good conductive heat transfer, and the fan significantly increases the rate of evaporation from the water’s surface (which cools the water and thus the rice) and also enhances convective cooling of the rice itself.

Evaporation is a very efficient cooling process as it requires a significant amount of latent heat to change water from liquid to gas phase, drawing heat from the surroundings. Convection is heat transfer through the movement of fluids (air or water); forced convection (with a fan) is faster than natural convection. Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact. Option C utilizes conduction, evaporation, and forced convection for maximum cooling speed.

66. Which one of the following is not a ferromagnetic material?

Which one of the following is not a ferromagnetic material?

Cobalt

Iron

Silver

Ferric chloride

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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The correct option is C) Silver.

Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted to magnetic fields and can be permanently magnetized. Common examples include iron, cobalt, nickel, and their alloys. Silver is a diamagnetic material, which means it is weakly repelled by a magnetic field. Ferric chloride is a paramagnetic material, which is weakly attracted by a magnetic field. Neither diamagnetic nor paramagnetic materials are classified as ferromagnetic.

Magnetic properties of materials are categorized into diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism. The strength of the magnetic interaction and the behavior of magnetic dipoles within the material determine its category. Ferromagnetism is a cooperative phenomenon requiring a strong interaction between atomic magnetic moments.

67. Which one of the following is the first commercial space station?

Which one of the following is the first commercial space station?

Axiom Station

International Space Station

Galileo

Voyager 1

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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Axiom Station is being developed by Axiom Space with the explicit goal of being the world’s first commercial space station. It is planned to initially attach modules to the International Space Station (ISS) before becoming a free-flying independent commercial platform. The International Space Station is a government-led international collaboration, not a commercial entity. Galileo is a navigation satellite system, and Voyager 1 is a space probe. Therefore, Axiom Station is the only option representing a commercial space station.

The development of commercial space stations like Axiom Station is part of a broader trend towards the commercialization of space activities, including private spaceflight and infrastructure.

68. The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope consists of

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope consists of

a single parabolic antenna

multiple parabolic antennas

multiple circular antennas

a combination of circular and parabolic antennas

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is a major astronomical facility located near Pune, India. It operates at meter wavelengths. The GMRT consists of an array of thirty large parabolic antennas, each 45 meters in diameter, spread over a region of about 25 kilometres. It functions as a single telescope using the technique of aperture synthesis. Therefore, it consists of multiple parabolic antennas.

Radio telescopes typically use parabolic dishes to focus radio waves. The GMRT’s design with multiple antennas allows it to achieve high resolution comparable to a much larger single dish.

69. Consider the following statements about the early phase of the Nationa

Consider the following statements about the early phase of the National Movement in India :

Ferozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji and others formed the Bombay Presidency Association.
Surendranath Banerjee and his group planned an Indian National Conference at Calcutta.
Allan Octavian Hume decided to create an all-India body as a rival to the above organisations to give vent to the grievances of the poor and marginalised Indians.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

All

None

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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Statement 1 is correct. The Bombay Presidency Association was formed in 1885 by prominent leaders like Pherozeshah Mehta, K.T. Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji as a regional political organization preceding and later becoming associated with the Indian National Congress.
Statement 2 is correct. Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose founded the Indian National Association (which held the Indian National Conference) in 1876. They convened the Indian National Conference in Calcutta in 1883 and again in 1885, which ran parallel to the first session of the Indian National Congress in Bombay.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British ICS officer, played a key role in the formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885. However, the INC was conceived as an all-India body to provide a platform for educated Indians and voice their concerns to the British government, potentially acting as a ‘safety valve’. It was not formed as a rival to existing organizations like the Bombay Presidency Association or the Indian National Conference; rather, it aimed to consolidate nationalist activities and ultimately absorbed many leaders from these regional bodies. The primary stated objective was not specifically to represent the grievances of the ‘poor and marginalised Indians’ in the early phase, but rather the educated middle class seeking constitutional reforms and greater representation.

The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 marked a significant step towards a unified national movement, bringing together various regional political associations and leaders.

70. Which of the following industries was most affected by the ‘deindustri

Which of the following industries was most affected by the ‘deindustrialisation’ of India in the 19th century?

Silk manufacture

Cotton textiles

Iron and steel

Woolen manufacture

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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During the 19th century, India experienced a process of deindustrialisation, particularly in its traditional handicraft industries. This was largely due to colonial policies that favoured British manufactured goods and raw material extraction from India. The cotton textile industry, which was historically one of India’s largest and most important sectors, was arguably the most severely affected. The influx of cheap, machine-made textiles from Britain devastated the indigenous handloom industry, leading to mass unemployment and impoverishment among weavers and artisans.

While other industries like silk, iron and steel, and woollen manufacture were also impacted, the scale and social impact of the decline of the cotton textile industry were immense, affecting rural and urban populations across vast regions of India.