UPSC CDS-1

31. Which one among the following is not a feature of centralization?

Which one among the following is not a feature of centralization?

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National unity
Uniformity
Prosperity
Liberty
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Liberty is generally considered *not* a feature, or even potentially curtailed by, centralization.
– Centralization refers to the concentration of power and decision-making authority at a higher level in an organization or system.
– National unity (A) and Uniformity (B) are often seen as potential benefits or features resulting from centralized control, as policies and administration are applied consistently across the unit.
– Prosperity (C) is an economic outcome that can be influenced by various factors, including governmental structure, but it is not an inherent or guaranteed feature solely of centralization.
– Liberty (D), in the context of individual or local autonomy, is often seen as being restricted by increased centralization, which tends to limit freedom at lower levels or for individuals by imposing uniform rules and control from the centre.
While centralization might bring efficiency in certain aspects and strengthen the state, critics often argue that it can stifle local initiative, reduce responsiveness to diverse local needs, and potentially impinge on freedoms by concentrating power. Decentralization is often advocated for promoting liberty, participation, and local responsiveness.

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32. Who founded the Central Hindu School at Benaras which was later develo

Who founded the Central Hindu School at Benaras which was later developed into Benaras Hindu University?

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Madan Mohan Malaviya
Annie Besant
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Madame H.P. Blavatsky
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The Central Hindu School at Benaras was founded by Annie Besant.
– Annie Besant, a Theosophist and later a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement, founded the Central Hindu School in 1898.
– The school was intended to promote religious education and Indian culture alongside modern Western education.
Madan Mohan Malaviya, along with other leaders, played a crucial role in the establishment of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in 1916. The Central Hindu School, founded by Annie Besant, was acquired by the university and became a constituent part of BHU. While Malaviya was instrumental in developing the institution into a university, Annie Besant founded the original school.

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33. In 1943, young leaders in which one of the following districts of Maha

In 1943, young leaders in which one of the following districts of Maharashtra set up a parallel Government with volunteer corps and village units?

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Pune
Nasik
Nagpur
Satara
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In 1943, young leaders in the Satara district of Maharashtra set up a parallel government.
– The parallel government in Satara, known as the ‘Prati Sarkar’, was one of the most significant and long-lasting parallel governments established during the Quit India Movement period.
– It was set up in 1943 and continued to function until 1946.
– Prominent leaders associated with the Prati Sarkar included Nana Patil, Y.B. Chavan, Vasantdada Patil, and others.
The Prati Sarkar established various activities including people’s courts (Nyayadandis), village units (Gram Rajyas), volunteer corps (Toofani Senas), and engaged in constructive work as well as resistance against British authorities, such as disrupting communication lines and carrying out raids. Other places that saw parallel governments or strong underground resistance during this period include Ballia (UP), Tamluk (Midnapore, Bengal), and Talcher (Odisha).

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34. Which of the following statements about the Sanyasi and Faqir disturba

Which of the following statements about the Sanyasi and Faqir disturbances/rebellions are correct?

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  • 1. Governor-General Warren Hastings faced the persistent Sanyasi and Faqir disturbances in Bengal and Bihar.
  • 2. There were a number of Shaivite Naga Sanyasis who formed into armed bands.
  • 3. Majnu Shah, who led bands into Bengal from 1771, was their prominent leader.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
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All three statements are correct regarding the Sanyasi and Faqir disturbances.
– Statement 1 is correct: Governor-General Warren Hastings (1772-1785) did face the persistent Sanyasi and Faqir disturbances, which were among the early uprisings against British rule in Bengal.
– Statement 2 is correct: The Sanyasi rebels included a significant number of Shaivite Naga Sanyasis, who were often organised into armed bands.
– Statement 3 is correct: Majnu Shah was a prominent leader of the Faqirs and led several incursions into Bengal from 1771 onwards, often clashing with the British forces.
The Sanyasi-Faqir Rebellion (roughly 1763-1800) was a series of skirmishes and conflicts primarily in Bengal and Bihar. The participants included dispossessed peasants, displaced zamindars, disbanded soldiers, and religious ascetics (both Hindu Sanyasis and Muslim Faqirs) who were affected by the economic disruption and oppressive land revenue policies introduced by the British after the grant of Diwani rights. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s novel ‘Anandamath’ is set against the backdrop of this rebellion.

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35. Chronologically arrange the following treaties/conventions signed betw

Chronologically arrange the following treaties/conventions signed between the Marathas and the British (starting with the earliest) :
1. Treaty of Salbai
2. Treaty of Purandar
3. Convention of Wadgaon
4. Treaty of Surat

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Select the correct answer using the code given below :

4-2-3-1
4-3-2-1
1-3-2-4
1-2-3-4
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The correct chronological order of the treaties/conventions is Treaty of Surat (1775), Treaty of Purandar (1776), Convention of Wadgaon (1779), and Treaty of Salbai (1782). Thus, the sequence is 4-2-3-1.
– Treaty of Surat (1775): Signed between the British Bombay Government and Raghunathrao (claimant to the Peshwaship), initiating the First Anglo-Maratha War.
– Treaty of Purandar (1776): Signed between Colonel Upton on behalf of the British Calcutta Council (who repudiated the Treaty of Surat) and the Maratha regency council.
– Convention of Wadgaon (1779): Signed after the British forces were defeated by the Marathas near Wadgaon. It was highly unfavourable to the British.
– Treaty of Salbai (1782): Concluded the First Anglo-Maratha War, mediated by Mahadaji Scindia. It restored peace and confirmed Maratha supremacy in the region while giving the British control over Salsette.
These treaties represent key stages in the conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Confederacy during the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782). The British sought to interfere in internal Maratha succession disputes and expand their influence.

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36. Which one of the following statements about the Coriolis force is not

Which one of the following statements about the Coriolis force is not correct ?

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It is maximum at the Poles.
It is absent at the Equator.
It deflects the wind to the right direction in the southern hemisphere.
It deflects the wind to the right direction in the northern hemisphere.
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The statement “It deflects the wind to the right direction in the southern hemisphere” is not correct.
The Coriolis force deflects moving objects (like wind and ocean currents) to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
The Coriolis force is zero at the Equator and maximum at the Poles, and its magnitude increases with the speed of the moving object. It is an apparent force resulting from the Earth’s rotation. The correct statement for the Southern Hemisphere would be that it deflects wind to the left.

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37. When the rivers discharge their waters from all directions into a lake

When the rivers discharge their waters from all directions into a lake or depression, the pattern is known as

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Trellis
Dendritic
Radial
Centripetal
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When rivers discharge their waters from all directions into a central lake or depression, the drainage pattern is known as Centripetal.
A centripetal drainage pattern is characterized by streams converging inward towards a low-lying area without an outlet.
A Dendritic pattern is tree-like and develops in areas with homogeneous underlying material. A Trellis pattern develops in folded mountain areas, following alternating resistant and less resistant rock layers. A Radial pattern involves streams flowing outwards from a central elevated point like a dome or volcano.

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38. Which one of the following tributaries of river Indus feeds the canal

Which one of the following tributaries of river Indus feeds the canal system of the Bhakra Nangal Project ?

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Chenab
Satluj
Ravi
Jhelum
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The Bhakra Nangal Project is built on the Satluj (Sutlej) river, and its canal system is fed by this river.
The Bhakra Dam, which is part of the project, is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej River in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh.
The Satluj is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab. It is a major tributary of the Indus River system. The Bhakra Nangal project is one of the earliest and largest multipurpose river valley development projects in India, providing irrigation and hydroelectric power. The other rivers listed (Chenab, Ravi, Jhelum) are also tributaries of the Indus but are associated with different projects and areas within the Indus basin.

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39. Which one of the following approaches of human development was initial

Which one of the following approaches of human development was initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and emphasised on health, education, food, water supply, sanitation and housing ?

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Welfare approach
Basic needs approach
Income approach
Capability approach
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The Basic Needs Approach to human development was initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and emphasised the satisfaction of essential needs like health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing.
This approach emerged in the 1970s as a direct way to address poverty by providing essential goods and services, rather than waiting for economic growth to trickle down.
The Income Approach focuses on Gross National Product (GNP) per capita as a measure of development. The Welfare Approach views people as passive beneficiaries of development policies. The Capability Approach, pioneered by Amartya Sen, focuses on expanding people’s freedom to achieve different functionings and well-being. The Basic Needs Approach is distinct in its focus on a specific set of essential requirements.

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40. Milpa and Ladang are different names for

Milpa and Ladang are different names for

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shifting cultivation.
mixed farming.
truck farming.
plantation agriculture.
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Milpa and Ladang are different regional names for shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture.
Shifting cultivation involves clearing land, cultivating crops for a few years, and then abandoning it to allow natural vegetation to grow, while the cultivators move to a new plot.
Milpa is the term used in Mexico and Central America, while Ladang is used in Indonesia and Malaysia for this type of agricultural system. Other regional names include Jhum (India), Caingin (Philippines), Ray (Vietnam), etc. Mixed farming involves growing crops and raising livestock simultaneously. Truck farming is commercial gardening of vegetables for market. Plantation agriculture is large-scale, commercial farming of single crops like tea, coffee, rubber, etc.

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