UPSC CDS-1 Archives

11. Which one of the following is the largest linguistic group of India ?

Which one of the following is the largest linguistic group of India ?

Sino-Tibetan

Austric

Indo-Aryan

Dravidian

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The largest linguistic group in India is the Indo-Aryan group. Languages belonging to this family, such as Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Urdu, Gujarati, Punjabi, etc., are spoken by the majority of the Indian population.

India has several linguistic families, but the Indo-Aryan family accounts for the largest share of speakers, followed by the Dravidian group.

The major linguistic families in India are Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austric, and Sino-Tibetan. According to Census data, over 75% of the population speaks Indo-Aryan languages, while around 20% speak Dravidian languages.

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12. Which of the following statements with regard to the creation of a new

Which of the following statements with regard to the creation of a new state or alteration of boundaries of states is/are correct ?

1. An amendment has to be moved in the Parliament under Article 368 of the Constitution of India.
2. Ratification by one half of the states is necessary after the amendment is made by the Parliament.
3. The legislation can be passed by a simple majority of both Houses of Parliament.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 3 only

2 only

3 only

2 and 3 only

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The creation of a new state or alteration of boundaries of states is governed primarily by Article 3 of the Indian Constitution. Article 4(2) states that any law made under Article 2 (admission or establishment of new states) or Article 3 shall not be deemed to be an amendment of the Constitution for the purposes of Article 368. Therefore, it does not require an amendment under Article 368. The legislation can be passed by a simple majority of both Houses of Parliament. Ratification by states is not required for this process. Thus, only statement 3 is correct.

The power to create new states or alter existing ones rests with the Parliament, and it can be exercised through ordinary legislative procedure (simple majority), not requiring the special majority and state ratification process mandated by Article 368 for constitutional amendments.

Article 3 requires that a bill for the purpose of creating a new state or altering boundaries must be introduced in Parliament only on the recommendation of the President. Before recommending, the President has to refer the bill to the state legislature(s) concerned for expressing its/their views within a specified period. However, Parliament is not bound by the views of the state legislature.

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13. Which mega public sector undertaking is designated with ‘Navratna’ sta

Which mega public sector undertaking is designated with ‘Navratna’ status ?

IndianOil Corporation Limited

Gas Authority of India Limited

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

Bharat Electronics Limited

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Among the options provided, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is designated with ‘Navratna’ status by the Government of India.

Navratna status is granted to certain large Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) based on specific criteria related to profitability, net worth, and operational efficiency, providing them with greater autonomy.

The other options, IndianOil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL), and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), hold the higher ‘Maharatna’ status, which is granted to select PSUs based on even higher financial and operational benchmarks compared to Navratnas.

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14. Who among the following founded the Marathi newspaper ‘Kesari’ ?

Who among the following founded the Marathi newspaper ‘Kesari’ ?

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Lokmanya Tilak

Vallabhbhai Patel

Lala Lajpat Rai

Mahatma Gandhi

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Bal Gangadhar Tilak, famously known as Lokmanya Tilak, founded the Marathi newspaper ‘Kesari’ in 1881.

‘Kesari’ was a prominent newspaper during India’s freedom struggle, used by Tilak to propagate nationalist ideas and mobilize public opinion against British rule.

Along with ‘Kesari’ (in Marathi), Tilak also started an English newspaper called ‘Mahratta’. These newspapers played a significant role in awakening political consciousness among the masses.

15. M.M. Punchhi Commission on Centre-State Relations has recommended the

M.M. Punchhi Commission on Centre-State Relations has recommended the disposal of a bill reserved for the consideration of the Union Executive within

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four months.

six months.

eight months.

five months.

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The M.M. Punchhi Commission, established in 2007 to review Centre-State relations, recommended that the Union Government should take a decision on a bill reserved by the Governor for the consideration of the President within six months.

The recommendation aims to prevent undue delay in decision-making regarding state legislation reserved by the Governor, thereby addressing a long-standing issue in Centre-State relations.

Article 201 of the Indian Constitution deals with bills reserved by the Governor for the consideration of the President. While it outlines the process, it does not specify a time limit within which the President must give assent or withhold assent. The Punchhi Commission’s recommendation sought to introduce a time limit to improve efficiency and accountability.

16. Who among the following was the Chairman of the National Commission fo

Who among the following was the Chairman of the National Commission for Review of the Working of the Constitution (2000) ?

Justice M.N. Venkatachaliah

Justice J.S. Verma

Justice Ranganath Mishra

Justice Y.K. Sabharwal

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The National Commission for Review of the Working of the Constitution was set up by the Government of India in February 2000 to examine whether the existing provisions of the Constitution were adequate to meet the needs of the time and to suggest possible amendments. The commission was headed by Justice M.N. Venkatachaliah, a former Chief Justice of India.

– The commission submitted its report in 2002.
– It made recommendations on various aspects of the Constitution’s working.

The commission’s recommendations covered areas such as electoral reforms, powers of the President and Governors, fundamental rights, directive principles, and the structure of government. While the report was discussed, many of its key recommendations have not been implemented through constitutional amendments.

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17. Which one of the following scholars of Akbar’s court translated Bhaska

Which one of the following scholars of Akbar’s court translated Bhaskaracharya’s Lilavati into Persian ?

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Abul Fazl

Faizi

Fathullah Shirazi

Ataullah Rashidi

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Bhaskaracharya’s important mathematical treatise, *Lilavati*, was translated into Persian at the instance of Emperor Akbar. The translation was undertaken by Faizi (Shaikh Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak), who was Akbar’s poet laureate and the brother of Abul Fazl.

– Akbar’s reign saw significant patronage of literature, translation, and cultural exchange.
– Many important Sanskrit works were translated into Persian during this period.

Faizi was part of Akbar’s ‘Navaratnas’ (nine jewels). He was skilled in Sanskrit and was given the responsibility of leading the translation department (Mahakma-i-Tarjama). Abul Fazl was the author of *Akbarnama* and *Ain-i-Akbari*. Fathullah Shirazi was a noted scholar and administrator at Akbar’s court. Ataullah Rashidi translated *Lilavati* much later, during the reign of Shah Jahan.

18. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :

List I (Author)	List II (Poetical work)
A. Brindavan Das	1. Shivasankirttan
B. Krishnadas Kaviraj	2. Chandimangal
C. Mukundaram Chakravarti	3. Chaitanyacharitamrita
D. Rameshwar Bhattacharya	4. Chaitanyamangal

Code :

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4, 2, 3, 1

4, 3, 2, 1

1, 3, 2, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

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The correct matching is:
A. Brindavan Das – 4. Chaitanyamangal (A biographical work on Chaitanya Mahaprabhu)
B. Krishnadas Kaviraj – 3. Chaitanyacharitamrita (A detailed biography of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu)
C. Mukundaram Chakravarti – 2. Chandimangal (A narrative poem celebrating the goddess Chandi)
D. Rameshwar Bhattacharya – 1. Shivasankirttan (A poetical work on Lord Shiva)
This matches option B: 4, 3, 2, 1.

– These are important poetical works from the medieval Bengali literature.
– ‘Mangal Kavya’ is a genre of Bengali narrative poetry from the medieval period.

Brindavan Das and Krishnadas Kaviraj are key biographers of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, a 15th-century saint and reformer of Gaudiya Vaishnavism. Mukundaram Chakravarti was a major poet of the Mangal Kavya tradition. Rameshwar Bhattacharya is known for his ‘Shivasankirttan’ within the tradition of devotional poetry.

19. Which one of the following painters was not associated with Humayun ?

Which one of the following painters was not associated with Humayun ?

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Mir Sayyid Ali

Maulana Dost Musawir

Maulana Yusuf

Bihzad

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Mir Sayyid Ali and Abd al-Samad were Persian painters brought to India by Humayun, who played a crucial role in establishing the foundations of the Mughal school of painting. Maulana Dost Musawir and Maulana Yusuf were also associated with the Persian painting tradition from which Mughal painting emerged. Bihzad (Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād Herawī) was a renowned Persian painter of the late 15th and early 16th centuries, primarily associated with the Herat school under the Timurids and Safavids. While highly influential, he was a contemporary of Babur (Humayun’s father) and not directly associated with Humayun’s court in India.

– Mughal painting evolved from a synthesis of Indian and Persian styles.
– Humayun’s stay in the Safavid court in Persia influenced his patronage of painting.

Humayun invited Mir Sayyid Ali and Abd al-Samad to his court, first in Kabul and later in Delhi, commissioning works like the Hamzanama, which became foundational for Mughal art. Bihzad is considered one of the greatest masters of Persian miniature painting and his work significantly influenced later artists, including those in the Mughal court, but he himself was not a court painter for Humayun.

20. Who among the following socialist activists persuaded Gandhiji not to

Who among the following socialist activists persuaded Gandhiji not to restrict the salt march protest to men alone ?

Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay

Sarojini Naidu

Matangini Hazra

Mithuben Petit

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During the preparations for the Salt March in 1930, socialist leader and freedom fighter Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay is noted for having persuaded Mahatma Gandhi not to make the march solely for men but to include women, arguing that the fight for independence was for all.

– The Salt March (Dandi March) was a major act of nonviolent civil disobedience led by Gandhi in 1930.
– Women played a significant role in the Civil Disobedience Movement, including picketing liquor shops and foreign cloth shops.

Sarojini Naidu was one of the key leaders who participated in the Salt March after Gandhi’s arrest and led the raid on the Dharasana Salt Works. Mithuben Petit also participated in the Salt March. Matangini Hazra was a prominent figure in the Quit India movement in Bengal.

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