UPSC CDS-1

31. Which one of the following was the host country for World Tourism Day,

Which one of the following was the host country for World Tourism Day, 2019?

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USA
India
Russia
Canada
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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India was the host country for World Tourism Day in 2019. The theme for World Tourism Day 2019 was “Tourism and Jobs: a Better Future for All”.
– World Tourism Day is celebrated every year on September 27.
– The event aims to foster awareness among the international community of the importance of tourism and its social, cultural, political, and economic value.
The host country for World Tourism Day is selected by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Hosting the event provides a platform for the country to showcase its tourism potential and discuss the role of tourism in global development.

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32. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

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List-I
(Market structure)		 List-II
(Characteristic)
A. Perfect competition 1. Only one producer selling one commodity
B. Monopoly 2. Few producers selling similar or almost similar products
C. Monopolistic competition 3. Many producers selling differentiated products
D. Oligopoly 4. Many producers selling similar products

Code :

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A 4, B 3, C 1, D 2
A 4, B 1, C 3, D 2
A 2, B 1, C 3, D 4
A 2, B 3, C 1, D 4
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UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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Matching the market structures with their characteristics:
– Perfect competition (A): Characterised by many producers selling identical or similar products (homogeneous) and free entry/exit. This matches Characteristic 4 (Many producers selling similar products).
– Monopoly (B): Characterised by a single producer selling a unique product with high barriers to entry. This matches Characteristic 1 (Only one producer selling one commodity).
– Monopolistic competition (C): Characterised by many producers selling differentiated products and relatively easy entry/exit. This matches Characteristic 3 (Many producers selling differentiated products).
– Oligopoly (D): Characterised by a few producers selling similar or differentiated products with significant barriers to entry. This matches Characteristic 2 (Few producers selling similar or almost similar products).
Thus, the correct match is A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2.
– Perfect competition: Many firms, homogeneous product, free entry.
– Monopoly: Single firm, unique product, high barriers.
– Monopolistic competition: Many firms, differentiated product, low barriers.
– Oligopoly: Few firms, homogeneous or differentiated product, high barriers.
These market structures represent different degrees of competition, ranging from perfect competition (most competitive) to monopoly (least competitive). Real-world markets often fall somewhere between these ideal types.

33. Suppose an agricultural labourer earns ₹400 per day in her village. Sh

Suppose an agricultural labourer earns ₹400 per day in her village. She gets a job to work as babysitter in a nearby town @ ₹700 per day. She chose to work as agricultural labourer. Which one of the following is the opportunity cost of the agricultural labourer?

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₹1,100
₹700
₹400
₹300
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Opportunity cost is the cost of the next best alternative that is given up when a choice is made. In this scenario, the agricultural labourer has two options: earn ₹400 per day as an agricultural labourer or earn ₹700 per day as a babysitter. She chooses the agricultural labourer job. The opportunity cost of this choice is the income she foregoes by not taking the babysitting job, which is ₹700.
– Opportunity cost is the value of the forgone alternative.
– It is not the sum of the alternatives or the difference between them; it is the value of the single best alternative not chosen.
Understanding opportunity cost is fundamental in economics as it helps in analysing trade-offs and decision-making processes for individuals, firms, and governments. It highlights that resources are scarce, and choosing one option means giving up another.

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34. According to the Census 2011, in India, what is the percentage of peop

According to the Census 2011, in India, what is the percentage of people (approximately) considered to be migrants (internal), i.e., now settled in a place different from their previous residence?

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25%
35%
45%
55%
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UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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According to the Census of India 2011 data, the total number of migrants by place of last residence was about 45.6 crore. The total population of India as per Census 2011 was about 121.08 crore. Calculating the percentage gives approximately (45.6 / 121.08) * 100 ≈ 37.66%. Among the given options, 35% is the closest approximation.
– Census defines a migrant as a person whose place of last usual residence is different from the place of enumeration.
– The figure includes both inter-state and intra-state migrants.
Migration is a significant factor in India’s demographic and socio-economic landscape, influencing urbanisation, labour markets, and social dynamics. The Census provides detailed data on reasons for migration (work, education, marriage, etc.).

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35. Which one of the following is the nodal agency in India for the United

Which one of the following is the nodal agency in India for the United Nations Environment Programme?

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The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
The Ministry of Science and Technology
The Ministry of Earth Sciences
The Ministry of Home Affairs
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The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is the nodal ministry in the Government of India dealing with environmental matters. It serves as the focal point for engaging with international bodies and conventions related to the environment, including the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
– MoEFCC is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry policies and programmes in India.
– UNEP is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda.
Other ministries listed have different primary roles: The Ministry of Science and Technology promotes scientific research and development; the Ministry of Earth Sciences deals with meteorology, oceanography, seismology, etc.; and the Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible for internal security and domestic policy.

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36. Which one of the following is the latest addition to the AYUSH group o

Which one of the following is the latest addition to the AYUSH group of health care system?

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Unani
Siddha
Sowa-Rigpa
Reiki
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UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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AYUSH is an acronym for Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy.
Sowa-Rigpa, a traditional Tibetan system of medicine, was officially recognized by the Government of India in 2010 and added to the list of officially recognized systems under the AYUSH framework.
While Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy were already recognized systems being promoted alongside Ayurveda, Sowa-Rigpa is the most recent addition to this list for focused development and promotion under the AYUSH Ministry (formerly Department).

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37. The formulation of policy in respect to Intellectual Property Rights (

The formulation of policy in respect to Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) is the responsibility of

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the Ministry of Law and Justice
the Department of Science and Technology
the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
the Ministry of Human Resource Development
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UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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In India, the formulation of policy related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) is primarily the responsibility of the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), which is part of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
DPIIT oversees the offices of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (CGPDTM), which administers the various IPR laws in India.
While other ministries might be involved in specific sector-related IPR issues (e.g., agriculture, health), the overarching policy framework and coordination for IPRs in India fall under the domain of DPIIT.

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38. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of formation of the

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of formation of the Commissions starting from the earliest?

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Finance Commission, Planning Commission, Investment Commission, Election Commission
Election Commission, Planning Commission, Finance Commission, Investment Commission
Planning Commission, Election Commission, Finance Commission, Investment Commission
Investment Commission, Finance Commission, Planning Commission, Election Commission
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Let’s check the establishment dates of the commissions: Election Commission (Jan 25, 1950), Planning Commission (Mar 1950), Finance Commission (1951), Investment Commission (2004).
Arranging them chronologically based on their formation gives the sequence: Election Commission, Planning Commission, Finance Commission, Investment Commission.
The Election Commission and Finance Commission are constitutional bodies established under specific articles. The Planning Commission was an extra-constitutional body established by executive resolution (replaced by NITI Aayog in 2015). The Investment Commission was an advisory body.

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39. The National Water Academy (NWA) is located at

The National Water Academy (NWA) is located at

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Dehradun
Hyderabad
Bhopal
Khadakwasla
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UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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The National Water Academy (NWA) is the training institute of the Central Water Commission (CWC), Ministry of Jal Shakti.
It is located at Khadakwasla, near Pune, Maharashtra.
NWA conducts training programs for engineers and professionals in the water sector, focusing on various aspects of water resources development and management, including dam safety, hydrology, and project management.

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40. Which one of the following rivers does not drain into Black Sea?

Which one of the following rivers does not drain into Black Sea?

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Volga
Dnieper
Don
Danube
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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The Volga River is the longest river in Europe and flows through Russia.
The Volga River drains into the Caspian Sea, not the Black Sea.
The Danube, Dnieper, and Don (via the Sea of Azov) are major rivers that flow into the Black Sea or its connected basins. The Caspian Sea is an endorheic basin, meaning it has no natural outflow to an ocean or sea, and rivers like the Volga flow into it.

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