UPSC CDS-1

21. Who among the following founded the Bhil Seva Mandal in 1922 ?

Who among the following founded the Bhil Seva Mandal in 1922 ?

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Dayaram Gidumal
Gurusaday Dutt
Dhondo Keshav Karve
Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar
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Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar, popularly known as Thakkar Bappa, was a social worker who dedicated his life to the service of tribal communities in India. He founded the Bhil Seva Mandal in 1922 in Gujarat to work for the welfare of the Bhil tribal people.
– Thakkar Bappa was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and was involved in various social service activities.
– He was also the General Secretary of the Harijan Sevak Sangh.
Dayaram Gidumal was a social reformer and educationist from Sindh. Gurusaday Dutt was an Indian civil servant and a pioneer in the Folk Dance movement. Dhondo Keshav Karve was a prominent social reformer who championed women’s education and widow remarriage.

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22. Which one of the following statements about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1

Which one of the following statements about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 is correct ?

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The Government would not release those prisoners who had been non-violent.
The Government would not release those prisoners who had indulged in the peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops.
The Congress did not agree to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
The Congress agreed to take part in the Second Round Table Conference.
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The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed on March 5, 1931, was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India. A key term of the pact was that the Indian National Congress would agree to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and participate in the Second Round Table Conference in London.
– The pact aimed to resolve the political impasse following the Civil Disobedience Movement.
– Other provisions included the release of political prisoners not convicted of violence, the right to peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops, and the return of confiscated properties not yet sold.
Option A is incorrect because the pact specifically agreed to release prisoners who had been non-violent. Option B is incorrect because the pact allowed peaceful picketing. Option C is incorrect because the Congress agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement as part of the pact.

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23. The percentage by which the money the borrower pays back exceeds the m

The percentage by which the money the borrower pays back exceeds the money that was borrowed is called as

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Bank rate
Nominal interest rate
Real interest rate
Terms of credit
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The nominal interest rate is the stated percentage increase in money that the borrower pays back over and above the principal amount borrowed. It represents the cost of borrowing or the return on lending, expressed as a percentage per period (usually annually), without adjusting for inflation.
– It is the rate agreed upon by the lender and the borrower.
– The total amount paid back includes the principal plus the nominal interest.
The Bank Rate is the rate at which a central bank lends money to commercial banks. The Real interest rate is the nominal interest rate adjusted for inflation, reflecting the true cost of borrowing or earning in terms of purchasing power. Terms of credit refer to the conditions under which a loan is granted, including the interest rate, repayment schedule, fees, etc.

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24. The asset or assets that a borrower pledges in order to guarantee repa

The asset or assets that a borrower pledges in order to guarantee repayment of a loan is called as

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Cheque
Collateral
Guarantee card
Bond
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Collateral is an asset or piece of property that a borrower pledges to a lender as security for a loan. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender has the right to seize and sell the collateral to recover the outstanding debt.
– Collateral reduces the risk for the lender, making them more willing to extend credit.
– Common examples of collateral include real estate (for mortgages), vehicles (for car loans), or other valuable assets.
A cheque is a payment instrument. A guarantee card is not a standard financial term for pledged assets. A bond is a debt instrument representing money lent by an investor to a borrower (typically a government or corporation), not an asset pledged *by* a borrower *to* guarantee repayment.

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25. The increase in private investment spending induced by the increase in

The increase in private investment spending induced by the increase in Government spending is known as

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Crowding in
Deficit financing
Crowding out
Pumping out
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Crowding in refers to the phenomenon where increased government spending stimulates aggregate demand, leading to higher economic activity and improved business confidence. This positive economic environment can induce firms to increase their private investment spending.
– Crowding in occurs when fiscal expansion leads to an increase, rather than a decrease, in private investment.
– This typically happens when the economy has significant unused capacity or when government spending specifically targets infrastructure or research that complements private sector activities.
Crowding out is the opposite phenomenon, where increased government borrowing to finance spending raises interest rates, making it more expensive for private firms to borrow and invest, thus reducing private investment. Deficit financing is the method of funding government spending when revenue is insufficient, often through borrowing. Pumping out is not a standard economic term.

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26. The situation in an economy which is growing slowly along with rapid i

The situation in an economy which is growing slowly along with rapid inflation (rising price level) is called

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Stagnation
Deflation
Stagflation
Recession
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Stagflation is an economic condition characterised by a combination of stagnant economic growth (stagnation), high unemployment, and high inflation (rising price levels). The situation described in the question – “growing slowly along with rapid inflation” – precisely defines stagflation.
– Stagnation refers to a period of slow or no economic growth.
– Inflation is a general increase in prices and decrease in the purchasing value of money.
– Stagflation combines these two undesirable phenomena.
– Deflation is a decrease in the general price level.
– Recession is a significant, widespread, and prolonged downturn in economic activity.
Stagflation is particularly challenging for policymakers because measures typically used to combat inflation (like raising interest rates) can worsen unemployment and slow growth, while measures to boost growth (like increasing government spending) can exacerbate inflation. The most notable period of stagflation occurred in many developed economies during the 1970s, largely attributed to supply shocks like the oil crisis.

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27. The mismatch in the regional or occupational pattern of job vacancies

The mismatch in the regional or occupational pattern of job vacancies and the pattern of worker availability results in

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Structural unemployment
Disguised unemployment
Altered unemployment
Cyclical unemployment
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Structural unemployment arises from a mismatch between the skills, knowledge, or location of the workforce and the requirements or locations of available jobs. This can be due to technological changes, shifts in the economy’s structure, or geographical immobility of workers. The description in the question, a mismatch in regional or occupational patterns of job vacancies and worker availability, perfectly fits the definition of structural unemployment.
– Structural unemployment is long-term unemployment caused by fundamental shifts in the economy.
– It persists even when the economy is healthy because workers lack the necessary skills or are in the wrong location.
– Disguised unemployment is when more people are employed than necessary (often in agriculture).
– Cyclical unemployment is tied to the business cycle, rising during recessions and falling during expansions.
Addressing structural unemployment often requires policies focused on education, training, retraining, and facilitating labour mobility to help workers adapt to the changing demands of the labour market.

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28. Which one of the following statements is not correct ?

Which one of the following statements is not correct ?

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Real GDP is calculated by valuing outputs of different years at common prices.
Potential GDP is the real GDP that the economy would produce if its resources were fully employed.
Nominal GDP is calculated by valuing outputs of different years at constant prices.
Real GDP per capita is the ratio of real GDP divided by population.
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Statement C is not correct. Nominal GDP is calculated by valuing the output of goods and services at current market prices for each year. Real GDP, on the other hand, is calculated by valuing the output at the prices of a base year (constant prices) to remove the effect of inflation and reflect changes in the actual volume of production.
– Real GDP uses constant prices (base year prices) to measure production growth.
– Nominal GDP uses current prices, which include the effects of both production changes and price changes (inflation/deflation).
– Potential GDP represents the maximum sustainable output an economy can produce.
– Real GDP per capita indicates the average standard of living or economic productivity per person.
The distinction between nominal and real GDP is crucial for accurately assessing economic performance over time. Comparing nominal GDP across years can be misleading if there has been significant inflation, whereas real GDP provides a more reliable measure of economic growth.

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29. The Government of India has recently constituted a civilian award in t

The Government of India has recently constituted a civilian award in the name of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in the field of contribution to

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unity and integrity of India
art and culture
social work
entrepreneurship
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The Government of India instituted a civilian award in the name of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel for outstanding contribution to the unity and integrity of India. The award, known as the Sardar Patel National Unity Award, was announced in 2019 on the occasion of Sardar Patel’s birth anniversary (October 31).
– Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is widely recognised for his crucial role in the integration of princely states into the Indian Union after independence.
– The award seeks to recognise notable efforts towards strengthening India’s unity and integrity.
The award is the highest civilian award for contribution to the unity and integrity of India and is presented by the President of India. It is given for commendable contribution to the cause of unity and integrity of India and promoting the values of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

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30. BRICS Summit, 2020 will be hosted by

BRICS Summit, 2020 will be hosted by

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India
China
Russia
Brazil
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The BRICS Summit hosting rotates among the member countries in the order of the acronym B-R-I-C-S. Brazil hosted the 11th BRICS Summit in 2019. Following the rotation, Russia hosted the 12th BRICS Summit in 2020.
– BRICS is an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
– The chairship and hosting of the annual summit rotate sequentially among the member states.
The 12th BRICS Summit in 2020 was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic, under the chairmanship of Russia. India subsequently hosted the 13th BRICS Summit in 2021.

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