UPSC CDS-1 Archives

11. The First Anglo-Maratha War was concluded by which one of the

The First Anglo-Maratha War was concluded by which one of the following?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Treaty of Surat” option2=”The Treaty of Purandar” option3=”The Convention of Wadgaon” option4=”The Treaty of Salbai” correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is D, The Treaty of Salbai.

The First Anglo-Maratha War, which began in 1775, lasted for seven years. Various treaties were signed during this period, including the Treaty of Surat (1775) and the Treaty of Purandar (1776), but none definitively ended the conflict. Following complex negotiations, the war was finally concluded by the Treaty of Salbai in May 1782, although it was ratified by the Peshwa only in February 1783. This treaty established a period of peace between the Marathas and the British for twenty years.

The Convention of Wadgaon (1779) was a significant event during the war where the British faced a severe defeat and had to sign humiliating terms, but the British authorities in Bengal repudiated the convention, and the war continued.

13. Who among the following were referred to as the ‘Theris’ in ancient

Who among the following were referred to as the ‘Theris’ in ancient India?

[amp_mcq option1=”Respected women” option2=”Elder nuns in Buddhism” option3=”Women denied the Bhikkhuni status” option4=”Women expelled from the Buddhist Sangha” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is B, Elder nuns in Buddhism.

In ancient Indian Buddhism, the term ‘Theri’ (Pali) or ‘Sthavira’ (Sanskrit) referred to an elder or respected member of the monastic community. Specifically, ‘Theri’ was used for senior nuns who had achieved a certain level of spiritual development and seniority within the Bhikkhuni Sangha (the order of Buddhist nuns). The Therigatha, a collection of verses by early Buddhist nuns, provides insights into the lives and experiences of these ‘Theris’.

The female monastic order in Buddhism is known as the Bhikkhuni Sangha. Women were admitted to the Sangha after some initial hesitation, primarily due to the efforts of Mahapajapati Gotami, the Buddha’s foster mother, and Ananda, the Buddha’s attendant.

14. The notion of kinship projected by the Kushana rulers is best evidence

The notion of kinship projected by the Kushana rulers is best evidenced through which of the following?

[amp_mcq option1=”Their identification with deities” option2=”Grants to religious institutions” option3=”Inscriptional panegyrics” option4=”Coins and sculpture” correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is A, Their identification with deities.

Kushana rulers, such as Kanishka, projected a strong notion of kinship and authority by associating themselves with various deities from different pantheons (like Buddha, Iranian deities, and Hindu deities). The adoption of titles like ‘Devaputra’ (Son of God), which was inspired by Chinese titles, directly indicates their attempt to project divine lineage or connection to bolster their legitimacy and status. This deliberate identification with deities was a significant way they projected their notion of kinship and power.

While coins and sculpture (D) were media used to depict these associations and inscriptions (C) often contained panegyrics, the core notion being projected was their divine connection or identification with powerful deities (A). Grants to religious institutions (B) were also common practice but did not as directly project a specific notion of the ruler’s own kinship or divine status as much as the adoption of divine titles and imagery did.

15. Which of the following States/UTs are included in the Northern Zonal

Which of the following States/UTs are included in the Northern Zonal Council?

[amp_mcq option1=”Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir” option2=”Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and NCT of Delhi” option3=”Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan” option4=”Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is B, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and NCT of Delhi.

The Northern Zonal Council, established under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, comprises the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, and the Union Territories of Chandigarh, Delhi, Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh. Option B correctly lists several of the states and the National Capital Territory of Delhi, all of which are members of the Northern Zonal Council. Options A, C, and D incorrectly include Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, which belong to the Central Zonal Council.

Zonal Councils are advisory bodies that aim to promote inter-state cooperation and coordination. They were created to foster a sense of regionalism while ensuring national integration. There are five Zonal Councils: Northern, Central, Eastern, Western, and Southern. A separate North Eastern Council was established by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971.

16. Who among the following is given discretionary powers under the Fifth

Who among the following is given discretionary powers under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India to set up a Tribes Advisory Council in a State which has Scheduled Tribes but not Scheduled Areas?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Governor of the concerned State” option2=”The President of India” option3=”The Inter-State Council” option4=”The Parliament of India” correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is A, The Governor of the concerned State.

Paragraph 4(1) of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of a Tribes Advisory Council in each State having Scheduled Areas. It further states that such a Council may also be established, if the President so directs, in any other State having Scheduled Tribes but not Scheduled Areas. Paragraph 4(3) states that the Governor may make rules prescribing the number of members of the Council, the mode of their appointment, and the procedure for its meetings. Thus, the power to set up and regulate the Tribes Advisory Council within the state machinery, based on the President’s direction in states without Scheduled Areas, rests with the Governor.

The Fifth Schedule deals with the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, which are covered by the Sixth Schedule. The Tribes Advisory Council advises the Governor on matters relating to the welfare and advancement of the Scheduled Tribes in the State.

17. Which one among the following Departments/Authorities is not under the

Which one among the following Departments/Authorities is not under the Ministry of Home Affairs?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Department of States” option2=”The Department of Official Language” option3=”The National Authority Chemical Weapons Convention” option4=”The Department of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Affairs” correct=”option3″]

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The National Authority Chemical Weapons Convention (NACWC) is not under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The NACWC is the nodal body in India for the Chemical Weapons Convention and functions under the Cabinet Secretariat.

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is responsible for internal security, border management, Centre-State relations, Administration of Union Territories, Official Language, etc. The Department of States, the Department of Official Language, and the Department of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Affairs are all under the MHA.

19. India is the first country in the world to deploy an all-woman conting

India is the first country in the world to deploy an all-woman contingent to a UN Peacekeeping Mission. In which country did this mission operate?

[amp_mcq option1=”Liberia” option2=”Sudan” option3=”Burundi” option4=”Croatia” correct=”option1″]

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India was the first country to deploy an all-woman contingent (Formed Police Unit – FPU) to a UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia.

The contingent was deployed to the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) in 2007.

This pioneering deployment by India was widely praised and served as an inspiration for other countries to include more women in peacekeeping operations.

20. Who among the following political leaders suggested the dissolution of

Who among the following political leaders suggested the dissolution of the Indian National Congress as a political organization and its replacement by a Lok Sevak Sangh?

[amp_mcq option1=”Vallabhbhai Patel” option2=”Dr. B. R. Ambedkar” option3=”M. K. Gandhi” option4=”Jawaharlal Nehru” correct=”option3″]

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Mahatma Gandhi suggested that the Indian National Congress, having achieved independence for India, should be dissolved as a political organization and transformed into a Lok Sevak Sangh dedicated to social service.

Shortly before his assassination in 1948, Mahatma Gandhi expressed this view in his last will and testament, known as his ‘Last Will and Testament’.

This suggestion reflected Gandhi’s vision that the role of Congress as a broad-based independence movement was over, and it should now focus on constructive work for the welfare of society rather than being a political power-seeking entity.