UPSC CAPF Archives

21. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the ‘Malabar

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the ‘Malabar 07-2’ military exercise ?

It was a five nation naval exercise held in the Bay of Bengal between India, the US, Australia, Japan and Singapore

It was an anti-piracy operation conducted by the Indian Navy in the Indian Ocean

It was a joint military exercise between India, Indonesia and Philippines

It was a joint India-China naval exercise in the Malacca Straits against piracy

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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Statement A accurately describes the ‘Malabar 07-2’ military exercise. It was a large-scale naval exercise conducted in the Bay of Bengal in September 2007 involving five nations: India, the United States, Japan, Australia, and Singapore.

– The Malabar exercise series traditionally involves India and the United States.
– In 2007, it was expanded to include navies from Japan, Australia, and Singapore, making it a significant multinational exercise.
– The exercise focused on enhancing interoperability and maritime security cooperation among the participating nations.

The expansion of Malabar in 2007 was viewed as a strategic move by participating nations to deepen maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly concerning the rise of China. The exercise generated significant geopolitical attention at the time.

22. There is a growing internal financial crisis in the US with the possib

There is a growing internal financial crisis in the US with the possibility that there will be de-valuation of the dollar. Which amongst the following countries is/are most affected?

India

China

European Union

Japan

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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China is most likely to be significantly affected by a growing internal financial crisis in the US with the possibility of dollar devaluation.

– China holds a very large amount of US dollar-denominated assets, particularly US Treasury securities, as part of its foreign exchange reserves. A devaluation of the dollar would directly reduce the value of these holdings when measured in other currencies.
– China is a major trading partner of the US. A weaker dollar makes Chinese exports to the US more expensive for American buyers and US exports to China cheaper for Chinese buyers, potentially negatively impacting China’s export-oriented economy.
– Other countries like Japan and the EU are also major holders of dollar assets and significant trading partners, but China’s scale of dollar holdings and trade dependency on the US market often makes it the most vulnerable to significant US dollar fluctuations.

The interconnectedness of the global economy means that a major financial crisis in one large economy like the US has ripple effects worldwide. Countries with strong trade links and large holdings of the affected currency are particularly exposed.

23. The UN Security Council mandates military intervention in Libya by NAT

The UN Security Council mandates military intervention in Libya by NATO forces in March 2011 in order to prevent Muhammad Gaddafi from engaging in human rights violations against civilians. Which among the following statements is/are correct with regard to India’s response to the crisis?

1. India supports UNSC Resolution 1973 imposing “no fly zone” in Libya.
2. India joins in the military intervention in Libya.
3. India sends clandestine support to the rebel forces in Libya.
4. India abstains from voting for UNSC Resolution 1973 on Libya.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2

4 only

3 only

3 and 4

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The correct statement regarding India’s response to the Libya crisis in 2011 is that India abstained from voting for UNSC Resolution 1973. This corresponds to statement 4.

– India was a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council in 2011 when Resolution 1973 was debated and passed.
– While India condemned the violence against civilians by the Gaddafi regime, it had reservations about the broad mandate given in the resolution (“all necessary measures”) and the potential for unintended consequences or external interference in the internal affairs of a state.
– Consequently, India, along with China, Russia, Germany, and Brazil, abstained from the vote, allowing the resolution to pass (as no permanent member cast a veto).
– India did not support the resolution fully (1), did not participate in the military intervention (2), and did not provide clandestine support to rebel forces (3).

India’s stance reflected its long-standing principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of states and caution regarding military intervention authorized by the UN, even under the principle of Responsibility to Protect (R2P).

24. There is a growing tension on the India-China border in the eastern se

There is a growing tension on the India-China border in the eastern sector with media reports of incursions by the Chinese military into the Indian side of the Line of Actual Control (LAC). In this context, which of the following Indian response(s) is/are the most likely?

1. India lodges a diplomatic protest with the Chinese embassy.
2. India utilizes the framework of the India-China border talks and the “special representatives” forum to address these issues.
3. India strengthens troop presence in the border.
4. India lodges a complaint against China at the UN.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2

4 only

2 and 3

3 only

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The most likely responses by India in case of Chinese incursions and growing tension along the LAC are to strengthen troop presence in the border area and utilize existing diplomatic and border dialogue mechanisms. This aligns with options 2 and 3.

– Strengthening troop presence (3) is a standard and necessary military response to deter further incursions and protect territorial integrity.
– India and China have established frameworks, such as the Special Representatives (SR) talks and various border mechanisms (Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs – WMCC), to discuss and resolve border issues peacefully (2).
– Lodging a diplomatic protest (1) is also a very likely initial step, often accompanying or preceding other actions.
– Lodging a complaint against China at the UN (4) is highly unlikely for a bilateral border dispute between two large nations with established bilateral mechanisms; it would be seen as an escalation and is impractical given China’s veto power in the Security Council.

India’s approach to the border dispute with China typically involves a combination of diplomatic engagement, dialogue through established mechanisms, and maintaining a strong defensive posture along the border. While diplomatic protests are frequent, the use of formal dialogue channels (2) and military preparedness (3) are core components of the strategy for managing and attempting to resolve the dispute.

25. The Indian military occupies a border village believed to be harbourin

The Indian military occupies a border village believed to be harbouring insurgents and asked the residents to vacate their houses in a night operation. Which one among the following statements is the correct interpretation of this incident?

India is a democracy and no citizen can be asked to leave their home without a warrant. Hence, this act constitutes a human rights violation.

The military operation does not constitute a human rights violation as it is operating in an insurgency infested area.

Under the Indian Constitution, every individual is entitled to basic fundamental rights and hence the military cannot ask anyone to leave their house on mere suspicion of supporting insurgents. Hence, this act by the military constitutes a human rights violation.

Just mere suspicion of supporting insurgency cannot be used as a pretext to occupy a village. Hence, the military action constitutes a human rights violation.

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The correct interpretation is C. Forcing residents to vacate their homes on mere suspicion of supporting insurgents without due process infringes upon their fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution and can be considered a human rights violation.

– The Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights, including the right to life and personal liberty (Article 21) and protections against arbitrary action.
– Asking citizens to vacate their homes, even in insurgency areas, based on mere suspicion and without proper legal procedure or compensation, is a significant restriction on their rights.
– While security forces operate under difficult conditions in insurgency areas and may have specific legal powers (like under AFSPA, if applicable), these powers are still subject to judicial review and are expected to be exercised reasonably and with minimum infringement on fundamental rights.
– Violations of fundamental rights by state actors, including the military, constitute human rights violations.

Human rights principles require that any restriction on rights must be necessary, proportionate, and in accordance with the law. Actions based on “mere suspicion” often fail these tests, especially when they involve displacing people from their homes. The judiciary in India has often intervened to protect citizens’ rights against excesses by security forces, emphasizing the importance of accountability and due process even in disturbed areas.

26. Consider the following events in the history of Indian freedom struggl

Consider the following events in the history of Indian freedom struggle:
1. Champaran Satyagraha
2. Bardoli Satyagraha
3. Ahmedabad Mill Workers Strike
4. Chauri-Chaura Incident
Which one of the following is a correct chronological sequence of the above events starting from the earliest?

1-3-2-4

1-2-4-3

1-3-4-2

3-1-2-4

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The correct chronological sequence of the given events is Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Ahmedabad Mill Workers Strike (1918), Chauri-Chaura Incident (1922), and Bardoli Satyagraha (1928). Thus, the sequence is 1-3-4-2.

– Champaran Satyagraha was Gandhi’s first Satyagraha movement in India, initiated in 1917 against the oppressive indigo plantation system.
– Ahmedabad Mill Workers Strike took place in March 1918, where Gandhi used fast-unto-death for the first time in India to support the workers’ demand for increased wages.
– The Chauri-Chaura Incident occurred on February 4, 1922, where a violent clash led to the death of policemen, prompting Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.
– The Bardoli Satyagraha was a peasant movement led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928 against the arbitrary increase in land revenue.

These events represent significant milestones in the Indian freedom struggle, demonstrating different forms of resistance and the evolving leadership of figures like Gandhi and Patel.

27. Who among the following ministers, in the eight-member council (Ashtap

Who among the following ministers, in the eight-member council (Ashtapradhan) of Shivaji, held the charge of finance?

Peshwa

Amatya

Sumant

Pandit Rao

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The correct answer is B. In Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan council, the Amatya (also known as Majumdar) was responsible for finance and accounts.

– Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan was an eight-member council of ministers that assisted him in the administration of the Maratha kingdom.
– The roles were clearly defined: Peshwa (Prime Minister), Amatya (Finance Minister), Sachiv (Secretary), Mantri (Chronicler), Sumant (Foreign Minister), Senapati (Commander-in-Chief), Panditrao (Chief Priest), and Nyayadhyaksha (Chief Justice).

The Ashtapradhan council was not a cabinet in the modern sense, as the ministers were advisors to the King and their authority was derived from him. However, it provided a framework for efficient administration.

28. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? 1. Jamnalal Bajaj

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
1. Jamnalal Bajaj : Satyagraha Ashram
2. Dadabhai Naoroji : Bombay Association
3. Syed Ahmed Khan : MAO College
4. Lala Lajpat Rai : Anusilan Samiti
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

3 and 4 only

1, 2 and 3

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The correct answer is D because pairs 1, 2, and 3 are correctly matched.

– Jamnalal Bajaj was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and founded the Satyagraha Ashram at Wardha, which was functionally linked to the Sabarmati Ashram.
– Dadabhai Naoroji was one of the founders of the Bombay Association in 1852, one of the early political associations in India.
– Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875, which later developed into the Aligarh Muslim University.
– Lala Lajpat Rai was a prominent nationalist leader associated with the Arya Samaj, the Indian National Congress (Extremist faction), and the Punjab National Bank. The Anushilan Samiti was a revolutionary organization based primarily in Bengal.

The Bombay Association was the first political association in the Bombay Presidency. The Anushilan Samiti was one of the most prominent revolutionary groups operating in the early 20th century, known for its militant activities against British rule.

29. Which one among the following pairs is not correctly matched?

Which one among the following pairs is not correctly matched?

Lord Wellesley : Subsidiary Alliance

Lord William Bentinck : English Education

Warren Hastings : Local Self Government

Lord Lytton : Vernacular Press Act

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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A) Lord Wellesley (Governor-General 1798-1805) is correctly associated with the Subsidiary Alliance system, which was a key instrument for expanding British control over Indian states.
B) Lord William Bentinck (Governor-General 1828-1835) is correctly associated with the introduction of English education. Under his tenure, following Macaulay’s Minute, English was made the medium of instruction for higher education in 1835.
C) Warren Hastings (Governor-General 1772-1785) is incorrectly associated with Local Self-Government. The significant development towards Local Self-Government in British India is credited to Lord Ripon (Viceroy 1880-1884), particularly with his Resolution of 1882, which aimed at developing municipal institutions. Warren Hastings’ era was much earlier and focused on establishing initial administrative frameworks and consolidating British power.
D) Lord Lytton (Viceroy 1876-1880) is correctly associated with the Vernacular Press Act of 1878, which was enacted to muzzle the vernacular press in India.

This question tests knowledge about significant reforms and policies introduced by various British Governors-General and Viceroys in India. Pairing the correct official with the key event or policy is crucial.

Lord Ripon is often called the ‘Father of Local Self-Government in India’ due to his efforts to empower local bodies like municipalities and district boards. Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal and played a crucial role in the early consolidation of British power after the Battle of Plassey.

30. If a healthy freshwater fish is placed in saltwater, the fish

If a healthy freshwater fish is placed in saltwater, the fish

becomes dehydrated and dies

becomes bloated and dies

suffers from microbial infection and dies

experiences no problem

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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Freshwater fish live in a hypotonic environment, meaning the concentration of solutes in the surrounding water is lower than in their body fluids. Water constantly enters their body by osmosis, and salts are lost. Freshwater fish deal with this by drinking very little water, actively absorbing salts through their gills, and excreting large amounts of dilute urine.
When a healthy freshwater fish is placed in saltwater, it moves into a hypertonic environment, where the solute concentration outside is much higher than inside its body. This causes water to move *out* of the fish’s body into the surrounding saltwater by osmosis. This leads to rapid dehydration of the fish’s tissues and organs. The fish cannot osmoregulate effectively in this environment and will become dehydrated and eventually die.

Osmosis causes water to move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. Freshwater fish are adapted to prevent water intake and conserve salts; saltwater fish are adapted to conserve water and excrete excess salts. Moving a fish from its native environment to one with significantly different salinity disrupts its osmoregulatory balance.

Marine fish, in contrast, live in a hypertonic environment. They tend to lose water and gain salts. They deal with this by drinking large amounts of saltwater, actively excreting excess salts through their gills and kidneys, and producing small amounts of concentrated urine. Euryhaline fish, such as salmon, are adapted to survive in both freshwater and saltwater environments by changing their osmoregulatory mechanisms.