UPSC NDA-2

31. India signed a deal with which one of the following countries to suppl

India signed a deal with which one of the following countries to supply MH-60R helicopters to the Indian Navy?

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Israel
France
Russia
USA
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UPSC NDA-2 – 2022
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The correct answer is D) USA.
India signed a deal with the United States of America to procure 24 MH-60R Seahawk multi-role helicopters for the Indian Navy. The deal, worth approximately $2.6 billion, was signed in 2020, with deliveries commencing later. The MH-60R is manufactured by Lockheed Martin.
The MH-60R Seahawk is an advanced naval helicopter designed for a wide range of missions, including anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, search and rescue, and utility support. The acquisition significantly enhances the operational capabilities of the Indian Navy’s fleet.

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32. Which of the following Indian Naval Ships were decommissioned in June

Which of the following Indian Naval Ships were decommissioned in June 2022?

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INS Ganga and INS Nipat
INS Nishank and INS Akshay
INS Khukri and INS Sandhayak
INS Gomati and INS Ranjit
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The correct answer is B) INS Nishank and INS Akshay.
Indian Naval Ships INS Nishank, a missile vessel, and INS Akshay, a corvette, were decommissioned in Mumbai on June 3, 2022, after rendering 32 years of service to the nation. This event marked the end of their operational lifespan in the Indian Navy.
INS Nishank (K43) was a Veer-class missile vessel, commissioned in 1990. INS Akshay (P35) was a Abhay-class corvette, also commissioned in 1990. Decommissioning is a process by which a ship is removed from active naval service. The other options list ships that were either decommissioned earlier (e.g., INS Ganga, INS Gomati, INS Ranjit, INS Khukri in late 2021) or later (e.g., INS Sandhayak was decommissioned in 2021 and a new vessel of the same name commissioned in 2024).

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33. Which among the following was the host country of the United Nations W

Which among the following was the host country of the United Nations World Environment Day, 2022?

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Canada
Sweden
South Africa
Brazil
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The correct answer is B) Sweden.
Sweden was the host country for the United Nations World Environment Day (WED) in 2022. The theme for World Environment Day 2022 was “Only One Earth,” emphasizing the need to live sustainably in harmony with nature. This theme was originally used for the first UN Conference on the Human Environment in 1972, which was also held in Stockholm, Sweden.
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th. It is the United Nations’ principal vehicle for encouraging worldwide awareness and action for the protection of our environment. It calls for collective, transformative action on a global scale to celebrate, protect, and restore our planet.

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34. Which among the following has initiated a nationwide flagship campaign

Which among the following has initiated a nationwide flagship campaign ‘Puneet Sagar Abhiyan’ to clean seashores/ beaches and other water bodies of plastic and other waste materials?

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Indian Coast Guard
National Cadet Corps (NCC)
Indian Navy
Swachh Bharat Mission
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The correct answer is B) National Cadet Corps (NCC).
The ‘Puneet Sagar Abhiyan’ is a flagship nationwide campaign launched by the National Cadet Corps (NCC). Its objective is to clean up plastic and other waste materials from seashores, beaches, lakes, rivers, and other water bodies, and to raise awareness about the importance of keeping these natural assets clean.
The campaign involves NCC cadets, volunteers, and stakeholders undertaking cleanliness drives. It aligns with the government’s Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and aims to contribute to environmental sustainability and public hygiene by focusing on water bodies. The campaign was initiated in 2021 and continued in 2022 and beyond.

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35. After fertilization, the fruit and the seed are produced by

After fertilization, the fruit and the seed are produced by

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ovule and ovary, respectively
ovary and ovule, respectively
ovary, no ovule required
ovule, no ovary required
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The correct answer is B) ovary and ovule, respectively.
After fertilization in flowering plants, the ovary, which contains the ovules, develops and matures into the fruit. Simultaneously, the ovules inside the ovary develop and mature into seeds. Therefore, the fruit is produced by the ovary, and the seed is produced by the ovule.
The process of fertilization is the fusion of the male gamete (from the pollen) with the female gamete (egg cell) inside the ovule. This triggers the development of the embryo within the ovule and the maturation of the ovule into a seed and the ovary into a fruit. The fruit serves to protect the seed and aid in its dispersal.

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36. The digestive enzymes are present in

The digestive enzymes are present in

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mitochondria
vacuoles
lysosomes
ribosomes
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The correct answer is lysosomes.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles within eukaryotic cells that contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes, often referred to as digestive enzymes. These enzymes function best in an acidic environment (pH ~4.5-5.0) and are responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and pathogens within the cell through processes like autophagy and phagocytosis.
Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production. Vacuoles in animal cells are typically small and involved in storage or transport. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

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37. Which one of the following will be resulted when an animal cell is sur

Which one of the following will be resulted when an animal cell is surrounded by a medium with lower concentration of water?

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Cell will lose water
No change in movement of water
Cell will gain water
Cell will swell up
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The correct answer is Cell will lose water.
Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential (lower solute concentration) to a region of lower water potential (higher solute concentration). A medium with a “lower concentration of water” means it has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell’s cytoplasm; such a medium is hypertonic to the cell. Therefore, water will move by osmosis from inside the cell (higher water concentration) to the surrounding medium (lower water concentration).
If the medium had a *higher* concentration of water (lower solute concentration, hypotonic), the cell would gain water and swell. If the medium had the *same* concentration of water (isotonic), there would be no net movement of water. In a hypertonic solution, animal cells lose water and crenate (shrink).

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38. The protein-digesting enzyme secreted by the stomach wall in case of m

The protein-digesting enzyme secreted by the stomach wall in case of mammals is called

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chitinase
amylase
pepsin
trypsin
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The correct answer is pepsin.
The stomach lining secretes gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes. The primary protein-digesting enzyme in the stomach is pepsin. Pepsin is secreted in an inactive precursor form called pepsinogen, which is converted to active pepsin by the acidic environment created by hydrochloric acid.
Amylase (e.g., salivary amylase) digests carbohydrates. Trypsin is a protein-digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas and active in the small intestine. Chitinase digests chitin, a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of insects and fungi.

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39. C 4 H 8 belongs to the homologous series of

C4H8 belongs to the homologous series of

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alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
cycloalkanes
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The correct answer is alkenes.
Homologous series are a series of compounds with the same general formula, usually differing by a single methylene (CH₂) unit. The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2, for alkenes is CnH2n (with one double bond), and for alkynes is CnH2n-2 (with one triple bond). For n=4, C₄H₈ fits the general formula CnH2n, which corresponds to alkenes. While cycloalkanes also have the formula CnH2n, alkenes are the primary open-chain homologous series with this formula.
C₄H₈ can represent various isomers, including but-1-ene, but-2-ene, 2-methylpropene (isobutylene), and cyclobutane or methylcyclopropane. Among the given options for homologous series, alkenes are the direct fit for the formula CnH2n in the context of typical classification alongside alkanes and alkynes.

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40. Dry ice is used on a performing stage to produce mist in air. The proc

Dry ice is used on a performing stage to produce mist in air. The process involved is an example of

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sublimation
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
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The correct answer is sublimation.
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. At atmospheric pressure, solid carbon dioxide changes directly into gaseous carbon dioxide without melting into a liquid. This process is called sublimation. The visible ‘mist’ produced when dry ice is used is actually water vapour in the surrounding air condensing or freezing due to the extremely cold carbon dioxide gas. However, the primary phase transition of the dry ice itself is sublimation, which drives the cooling effect leading to the mist formation.
Sublimation is an endothermic process, meaning it absorbs heat from the surroundings, which is why dry ice is so effective as a coolant and for creating effects like mist by cooling ambient water vapour.

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