UPSC NDA-2

11. Consider the following statements regarding River Brahmaputra: 1. It

Consider the following statements regarding River Brahmaputra:

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  • 1. It rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarovar.
  • 2. It takes a “U” turn near Namcha Barwa and enters India through a gorge.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Both statements about the Brahmaputra River are correct.
1. It rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarovar: The Brahmaputra, known as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, originates from the Chemayungdung glacier located in southwestern Tibet, near Lake Mansarovar.
2. It takes a “U” turn near Namcha Barwa and enters India through a gorge: The Yarlung Tsangpo flows eastward through Tibet and takes a sharp southward bend (a hairpin bend often described as a “U” turn) around the peak of Namcha Barwa (7,756 m) in the Eastern Himalayas. It then enters Arunachal Pradesh in India through a deep gorge (Dihang Gorge), where it is known as Siang or Dihang.
The Brahmaputra is one of the major trans-boundary rivers of Asia, flowing through China (Tibet), India, and Bangladesh. Its origin and dramatic entry into India through the Himalayan gorge are key geographical features.
In India, the Brahmaputra is known by different names: Siang or Dihang in Arunachal Pradesh, and Brahmaputra in Assam. It is joined by several tributaries, including Dibang and Lohit, to form the main Brahmaputra river in Assam. It finally flows into Bangladesh where it is known as Jamuna and merges with the Padma (Ganga) before draining into the Bay of Bengal.

12. Which one of the following is found in appreciable amount in Laterite

Which one of the following is found in appreciable amount in Laterite soil in India ?

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Calcium
Phosphate
Potash
Nitrogen
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Laterite soils are formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall, which leads to intense leaching. This process removes soluble bases (like calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium) and silica, leaving behind hydrated oxides of iron and aluminum. Therefore, laterite soils are typically deficient in nitrogen (due to low organic matter), potash (potassium), and calcium (lime).
While laterite soils are generally low in all the listed nutrients (Calcium, Phosphate, Potash, Nitrogen), total phosphorus content can sometimes be present in relatively appreciable amounts compared to the very low levels of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium, although a significant portion of this phosphorus is fixed by iron and aluminum oxides and is unavailable to plants. Assuming “appreciable amount” refers to total content rather than plant-available content or relative to other deficient elements, Phosphate is the most plausible option among the choices, despite the overall low fertility of laterite soils.
Laterite soils are rich in iron oxide (giving them a reddish colour) and aluminium oxide. They are often acidic. Due to the leaching process, they are generally poor in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. However, deposits of bauxite (aluminum ore) and iron ore are often found in laterite profiles.

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13. Which of the following tributaries is/are correctly matched with the D

Which of the following tributaries is/are correctly matched with the Deccan Rivers ?

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Tributary River
1. Bhavani Krishna
2. Kabini Kaveri
3. Manjra Godavari
4. Bhima Mahanadi

Select the answer using the code given below :

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1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
3 and 4
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Let’s examine each pair of tributary and river:
1. Bhavani – Krishna: Incorrect. Bhavani River is a major tributary of the Kaveri River.
2. Kabini – Kaveri: Correct. Kabini River (or Kapila River) is a major tributary of the Kaveri River.
3. Manjra – Godavari: Correct. Manjra River is a tributary of the Godavari River.
4. Bhima – Mahanadi: Incorrect. Bhima River is a major tributary of the Krishna River.
The correctly matched pairs are Kabini with Kaveri and Manjra with Godavari.
Deccan Rivers (Peninsular Rivers) are a major river system in India, broadly classified into East Flowing (draining into the Bay of Bengal) and West Flowing (draining into the Arabian Sea). Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri are major east-flowing Deccan rivers, while Narmada and Tapti are major west-flowing Deccan rivers. Knowing the major tributaries of these rivers is important for geography of India.

14. Which of the following is/are east flowing rivers in India ? 1. Pala

Which of the following is/are east flowing rivers in India ?

  • 1. Palar
  • 2. Periyar
  • 3. Pennar
  • 4. Kalinadi

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1 only
1 and 3
2 and 4
4 only
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East flowing rivers in India drain into the Bay of Bengal. West flowing rivers drain into the Arabian Sea. Out of the given options:
1. Palar River: It is an east-flowing river originating in Karnataka and flowing through Tamil Nadu to drain into the Bay of Bengal.
2. Periyar River: It is a west-flowing river originating in the Western Ghats in Kerala and flowing into the Arabian Sea.
3. Pennar River: It is an east-flowing river originating in Karnataka and flowing through Andhra Pradesh to drain into the Bay of Bengal.
4. Kalinadi River: There are multiple rivers named Kalinadi. The prominent Kalinadi in Karnataka is a west-flowing river that drains into the Arabian Sea.
Palar and Pennar are significant east-flowing rivers of South India. Periyar and Kalinadi (Karnataka) are significant west-flowing rivers.
Most major peninsular rivers in India flow eastwards due to the eastward slope of the plateau. Exceptions include rivers like Narmada, Tapti, and the Kalinadi, Periyar, Netravati etc. in the Western Ghats, which flow westwards into the Arabian Sea.

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15. In which among the following states in India, the Sun rays are never p

In which among the following states in India, the Sun rays are never perpendicular?

  • 1. Bihar
  • 2. Chhattisgarh
  • 3. Manipur
  • 4. Rajasthan

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1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
2 and 4
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The states of India where the Sun rays are never perpendicular are those located entirely north of the Tropic of Cancer. The Tropic of Cancer (approximately 23.5° N latitude) passes through eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. Locations on or south of the Tropic of Cancer experience the Sun directly overhead (perpendicular rays) at least twice a year (during the Sun’s apparent movement between the tropics). Locations north of the Tropic of Cancer never have the Sun directly overhead.
Bihar and Manipur are located entirely north of the Tropic of Cancer. Therefore, the Sun rays are never perpendicular in these states. Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan are among the states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes, so parts of these states (or the states themselves) do experience perpendicular sun rays.
The Sun is directly overhead at noon only for locations between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This phenomenon occurs when the Sun’s declination is equal to the latitude of the location. The Sun’s declination ranges from 23.5° S (around Dec 21/22, Winter Solstice) to 23.5° N (around June 20/21, Summer Solstice).

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16. Where is the Coriolis Effect the largest ?

Where is the Coriolis Effect the largest ?

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At the Equator
At the Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer
At the North Pole
At 45 degree latitude in each hemisphere
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The correct answer is At the North Pole.
The Coriolis Effect is an apparent force that deflects moving objects (like air currents, ocean currents, projectiles) due to the rotation of the Earth. The magnitude of the Coriolis force is proportional to the sine of the latitude. It is zero at the Equator (latitude 0 degrees) and maximum at the poles (latitude 90 degrees North and South), where sin(90) = 1.
The Coriolis effect causes moving air and water to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This effect is significant in large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, but negligible for small-scale, short-duration phenomena like the movement of a person or a car.

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17. Freedom Fighter Kanaklata Barua sacrificed her life while participatin

Freedom Fighter Kanaklata Barua sacrificed her life while participating in

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Rowlatt Satyagraha
Non-Cooperation Movement
Civil Disobedience Movement
Quit India Movement
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The correct answer is Quit India Movement.
Kanaklata Barua was a young freedom fighter from Assam who participated in the Quit India Movement in 1942. She was leading a procession of the Mrityu Bahini (‘death squad’), a group formed by the Congress activists, towards the police station at Gohpur to hoist the national flag. She was shot dead by the police during this demonstration at the age of 17.
The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 demanding an end to British rule in India. It saw widespread protests and civil disobedience across the country. Kanaklata Barua is remembered as a martyr for her sacrifice during this movement.

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18. Which of the following is NOT a part of the five principles enshrined

Which of the following is NOT a part of the five principles enshrined in the ‘Panchsheel’ agreement signed by India and China in 1954 ?

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Mutual non-aggression
Mutual non-interference
Peaceful coexistence
Cultural cooperation
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The correct answer is Cultural cooperation.
The ‘Panchsheel’ or Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were enunciated in the Preamble to the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India, signed on April 29, 1954. The five principles are: 1. Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty; 2. Mutual non-aggression; 3. Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs; 4. Equality and mutual benefit; and 5. Peaceful coexistence. Cultural cooperation was not one of the original five principles.
The Panchsheel principles became the foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement and were widely adopted in international relations during the Cold War era as a way for newly independent nations to promote peace and cooperation based on mutual respect and non-interference.

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19. Which of the following statements with regard to Article 19(1) of the

Which of the following statements with regard to Article 19(1) of the Constitution of India is/are correct ?

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  • 1. Freedoms under this Article are not absolute
  • 2. Reasonable restrictions can be imposed on the exercise of freedoms under this Article

Select the answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Both 1 and 2 are correct.
Article 19(1) of the Constitution of India guarantees certain fundamental freedoms (like freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession). However, these freedoms are not absolute. Statement 1 is correct because the exercise of these freedoms is subject to limitations. Statement 2 is correct because Article 19(2) to 19(6) explicitly provide for the imposition of ‘reasonable restrictions’ on these freedoms on specific grounds mentioned in those clauses (e.g., public order, security of the state, defamation, etc.).
The concept of ‘reasonable restrictions’ implies that the limitations imposed must be just, fair, and not excessive, and their reasonableness can be challenged in a court of law. This balance between fundamental rights and necessary restrictions is a key feature of the Indian Constitution.

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20. In the passing of a Money Bill, the Rajya Sabha has limited powers in

In the passing of a Money Bill, the Rajya Sabha has limited powers in that it shall return the Bill, with or without any recommendation, within the stipulated time of

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12 days
21 days
14 days
30 days
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The correct answer is 14 days.
According to Article 109(1) of the Constitution of India, after a Money Bill has been passed by the House of the People (Lok Sabha), it is transmitted to the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) for its recommendations. The Rajya Sabha must return the bill to the Lok Sabha within a period of fourteen days from the date of its receipt.
Rajya Sabha has limited powers regarding Money Bills. It cannot reject or amend a Money Bill. It can only suggest recommendations, which the Lok Sabha is free to accept or reject. If the Rajya Sabha does not return the bill within 14 days, it is deemed to have been passed by both Houses in the form it was passed by the Lok Sabha.

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