UPSC NDA-1

11. Which one of the following is included in Article 51A (Part IV A) of t

Which one of the following is included in Article 51A (Part IV A) of the Constitution of India ?

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Fundamental Duties
Suspension of Fundamental Rights
Special Powers of Governors
Writs
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Article 51A, which constitutes Part IV A of the Constitution of India, lists the Fundamental Duties of citizens. These duties were not originally part of the Constitution but were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
Part III of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35). Part IV deals with Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36-51). Part IV A deals specifically with Fundamental Duties.
There are currently eleven Fundamental Duties listed under Article 51A. They include duties like abiding by the Constitution, respecting the National Flag and National Anthem, protecting the sovereignty and integrity of India, promoting harmony, protecting the environment, and developing a scientific temper. Unlike Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties are not directly enforceable by courts.

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12. Which one of the following is not a power of the Speaker of the Lok

Which one of the following is not a power of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha ?

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Speaker shall preside over the House of the People.
Speaker will cast vote in the first instance in the House.
Speaker will have power to maintain order within the House of the People.
Speaker can adjourn the House or suspend the meeting till there is a quorum.
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The Speaker of the Lok Sabha does not cast a vote in the first instance. The Speaker’s role is to preside over the proceedings impartially. The Speaker casts a ‘casting vote’ only in the event of a tie in the votes upon a question before the House. This is to break the deadlock and is based on the convention that the Speaker should not participate in the general debate or voting.
The Speaker is the principal presiding officer of the Lok Sabha. Their powers include maintaining order and decorum, interpreting the rules of procedure, adjourning the House or suspending its meeting in the absence of a quorum, deciding money bills, and presiding over joint sittings of Parliament.
The position of the Speaker is one of great dignity and authority. The Speaker is elected by the Lok Sabha from amongst its members. The casting vote ensures that a decision is reached when there is an equal division of votes.

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13. With regard to the Constitution of India, which one of the following s

With regard to the Constitution of India, which one of the following statements is not correct ?

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The words - Socialist and Secular, were not originally part of the Constitution.
The Preamble states the objects of the Constitution of India.
The Preamble is enforceable in a Court of Law.
A Republic refers to the people as the source of all authority under the Constitution.
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The Preamble to the Constitution of India is not enforceable in a Court of Law. While it is considered an integral part of the Constitution and is used as a key to interpret the intentions of the framers, it does not contain legally binding provisions that can be directly enforced by courts.
The Preamble serves as an introduction to the Constitution, stating its ideals, objectives, and basic structure. It declares India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic and aims to secure Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for all citizens.
The words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ were added to the Preamble by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. The concept of a Republic signifies that the head of state is elected, and political power vests in the people, not a hereditary ruler. The Supreme Court, in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and can be amended, but its ‘basic structure’ cannot be altered.

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14. River Beas, flowing from Himachal and Punjab, joins the river

River Beas, flowing from Himachal and Punjab, joins the river

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Indus.
Satluj.
Chenab.
Ravi.
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The Beas River, originating from Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh, flows westwards through Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. It finally joins the Satluj River at Harike Pattan, a wetland reserve in Punjab. The combined waters then flow into Pakistan to eventually join the Indus River system.
The Indus River system comprises the main Indus River and its major tributaries: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj. These rivers are crucial for the water resources of North India and Pakistan.
The Satluj is the longest of the five rivers of Punjab. The Jhelum and Chenab join before meeting the Satluj. The Ravi joins the Chenab separately. All these rivers eventually merge to form the Panjnad in Pakistan, which then joins the Indus River.

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15. The natural vegetation which covers the maximum geographical areas of

The natural vegetation which covers the maximum geographical areas of India is

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Tropical deciduous forests.
Tropical thorn forests.
Montane forests.
Tropical evergreen forests.
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Tropical deciduous forests, also known as monsoon forests, are the most widespread type of vegetation in India. They are found in regions that receive rainfall between 70 cm and 200 cm annually. These forests are characterized by trees that shed their leaves seasonally (typically during the dry season). They cover vast areas of the Indian peninsula, the plains along the foothills of the Himalayas, and parts of states like Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
The distribution of natural vegetation in India is primarily determined by variations in climate, particularly rainfall and temperature, as well as topography.
Tropical evergreen forests are found in areas with very high rainfall (>200 cm) and cover significantly less area than deciduous forests, primarily in the Western Ghats, parts of the Northeast, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Tropical thorn forests are found in arid and semi-arid regions with low rainfall (<70 cm), while Montane forests are found in mountainous areas at different altitudes.

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16. Bharatmala Pariyojana is related to

Bharatmala Pariyojana is related to

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interlinking of Northern and Southern Indian rivers in a garland shape.
networks of National Highways in India.
interlinking of all cities of India through Railways.
interlinking of all industrial regions of India through pipelines.
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Bharatmala Pariyojana is a large-scale infrastructure project launched by the Government of India. Its primary objective is to develop and improve the national highway network across the country, including the development of economic corridors, inter-corridor and feeder routes, national corridors efficiency improvement, border and international connectivity roads, coastal and port connectivity roads, and expressways.
The project aims to reduce congestion, improve logistics efficiency, and connect remote areas by constructing new highways and upgrading existing ones.
Bharatmala Pariyojana is one of the flagship infrastructure programs of the Indian government, focusing exclusively on strengthening the road network. Other major infrastructure initiatives focus on different sectors like railways (e.g., Dedicated Freight Corridors), waterways, and airports. Interlinking of rivers is a separate concept/proposal.

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17. The Headquarters of South-Eastern Railway is located at

The Headquarters of South-Eastern Railway is located at

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Bilaspur.
Secunderabad.
Kolkata.
Bhubaneswar.
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The headquarters of the South Eastern Railway (SER) zone of the Indian Railways is located at Garden Reach, Kolkata.
The Indian Railways is divided into various zones for administrative efficiency. Each zone has a designated headquarters city.
Some other railway zone headquarters include: Bilaspur (South East Central Railway), Secunderabad (South Central Railway), Bhubaneswar (East Coast Railway), Mumbai (Central Railway, Western Railway), Delhi (Northern Railway), Chennai (Southern Railway), Gorakhpur (North Eastern Railway), etc.

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18. In which one of the following countries is intensive subsistence agric

In which one of the following countries is intensive subsistence agriculture not predominantly practised ?

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India
Japan
Canada
Indonesia
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Intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by high labour input per unit of land, small farm sizes, cultivation primarily for self-consumption, and often multiple cropping in a year. This type of agriculture is predominantly practiced in densely populated regions with favourable climates, such as parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. India, Japan, and Indonesia have historically significant areas where this is practiced, although mechanization and commercialization have increased, especially in Japan. Canada, in contrast, is a large country with a relatively low population density and its agriculture is predominantly extensive (large farms), highly mechanized, and commercial, focused on producing surpluses for domestic markets and export.
Intensive subsistence agriculture is typical in areas where land is scarce, population density is high, and the economy is largely agrarian. Farmers focus on maximizing yield from small plots using manual labour and simple tools.
Commercial agriculture, in contrast to subsistence agriculture, is practiced primarily for sale in the market. It often involves larger farms, specialized crops or livestock, high levels of mechanization and technology, and significant capital investment. Canada is a leading practitioner of various forms of commercial agriculture, such as extensive commercial grain farming and mixed farming.

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19. Which one of the following clouds is a rain-bearing cloud ?

Which one of the following clouds is a rain-bearing cloud ?

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Cumulus cloud
Stratus cloud
Nimbus cloud
Cirrus cloud
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The term “Nimbus” indicates a cloud that produces precipitation. Nimbostratus clouds are low to mid-level clouds that bring steady rain or snow, while Cumulonimbus clouds are large, towering clouds associated with thunderstorms, heavy rain, hail, and lightning. Therefore, Nimbus clouds (or clouds with the nimbus prefix/suffix) are the primary rain-bearing clouds.
Clouds are classified based on their form and altitude. Cumulus clouds are puffy, often fair-weather clouds but can develop into rain clouds. Stratus clouds are flat, layered clouds that can bring drizzle. Cirrus clouds are high, wispy clouds made of ice crystals, typically not associated with precipitation reaching the ground. The presence of “nimbus” in a cloud name signifies precipitation.
Cumulonimbus clouds are particularly noteworthy as they are associated with intense rainfall, thunderstorms, and other severe weather phenomena. Nimbostratus clouds, though less dramatic, can produce prolonged periods of light to moderate precipitation.

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20. Which one of the following is not a form of condensation ?

Which one of the following is not a form of condensation ?

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Dew
Fog
Frost
Sleet
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Sleet is a form of precipitation consisting of ice pellets, often formed when snowflakes melt partially as they fall through a layer of warm air and then refreeze in a sub-freezing layer near the surface. While it involves freezing water, it is primarily a form of precipitation resulting from the freezing of raindrops or melted snow, not directly from the condensation of water vapor into a liquid or solid form on a surface or within the air mass like dew, fog, or frost.
Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air changes into liquid water or ice. Forms of condensation include dew (liquid water on surfaces), fog (liquid water droplets suspended in air), mist (similar to fog but less dense), frost (ice formed directly from vapor deposition on surfaces below freezing), and clouds (liquid water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere).
Precipitation includes various forms of water falling from clouds to the ground, such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail. Condensation is a necessary precursor for cloud formation and precipitation, but sleet itself is classified as a type of precipitation, not a form of condensation like dew or fog.

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