UPSC NDA-1

1. Which one of the following tribes from India’s North-East had the earl

Which one of the following tribes from India’s North-East had the earliest known association with cultivation and production of tea ?

Khasis
Garos
Singhphos
Jayantias
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The Singphos tribe, primarily residing in Assam and parts of Arunachal Pradesh in India, and also in Myanmar, has the earliest known historical association with the cultivation and production of tea in India. They traditionally consumed a beverage brewed from tea leaves long before the British introduced commercial tea cultivation to Assam.
– The question asks about the *earliest known association* within North-East India.
– Historical accounts and traditions indicate the Singphos tribe had indigenous knowledge of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica).
– They were instrumental in introducing the plant to the British, who then developed the massive tea industry in Assam.
While other tribes in North-East India have their own cultural practices and agricultural histories, the specific link between the Singphos and the origin of commercial tea production in India is well-documented. The discovery of indigenous tea plants in Assam and the knowledge of the Singphos tribe were crucial steps in the history of Indian tea.

2. The UN COP-27 Summit relates to :

The UN COP-27 Summit relates to :

Russia-Ukraine war
Terrorism and counter-terrorism
Climate change
Interpol
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The UN COP-27 Summit refers to the 27th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). These annual conferences are the highest decision-making body of the UNFCCC and are focused on addressing climate change.
– COP stands for Conference of the Parties.
– The UNFCCC is the international treaty on climate change.
– COPs are the main forum for negotiating and implementing international climate agreements.
– COP-27 was held in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, in November 2022, specifically addressing climate change issues.
Previous COPs include COP21 in Paris (which resulted in the Paris Agreement) and COP26 in Glasgow. The COP summits cover various aspects of climate action, including mitigation, adaptation, finance, and loss and damage.

3. Plan allocation in agriculture and irrigation as percentage of total p

Plan allocation in agriculture and irrigation as percentage of total plan outlay was highest in :

Seventh Five-Year Plan
Third Five-Year Plan
First Five-Year Plan
Second Five-Year Plan
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The correct answer is C) First Five-Year Plan.
The First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) focused heavily on addressing the challenges of food scarcity and agricultural backwardness faced by India after independence. It gave top priority to agriculture, irrigation, and power projects necessary for agricultural development. Consequently, the percentage of total plan outlay allocated to agriculture and irrigation was highest in the First Plan compared to the subsequent plans listed, as the focus shifted more towards industrialization in the Second Plan and later plans, although agriculture remained important.
Exact percentages vary slightly depending on the source and what is included (e.g., rural development), but the First Plan is widely recognized for its primary focus on agriculture. The allocation was approximately 31% of the total outlay, the highest among the given options and generally the highest across all plans dedicated specifically to this sector.

4. The Treaty of Yandabo was concluded as part of which one of the follow

The Treaty of Yandabo was concluded as part of which one of the following wars ?

First Anglo-Burmese War
Second Anglo-Burmese War
Anglo-Kuki War
Anglo-Maratha War
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The correct answer is A) First Anglo-Burmese War.
The Treaty of Yandabo was signed on 24 February 1826, ending the First Anglo-Burmese War, which lasted from 1824 to 1826. This treaty forced Burma (under the Konbaung dynasty) to cede territory to the British, pay a large indemnity, and accept a British resident in their capital, significantly weakening the Burmese kingdom and setting the stage for future British annexations in the Second and Third Anglo-Burmese Wars.
The Second Anglo-Burmese War took place from 1852 to 1853, and the Third Anglo-Burmese War from 1885 to 1886. The Anglo-Kuki War was a rebellion against British rule in Manipur (1917-1919). The Anglo-Maratha Wars were a series of conflicts between the British East India Company and the Maratha Confederacy in India (late 18th to early 19th centuries).

5. Near which one of the following cities in India have large statues of

Near which one of the following cities in India have large statues of Kushana rulers been discovered ?

Karnal
Ropar
Hisar
Mathura
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The correct answer is D) Mathura.
Large statues of Kushana rulers, including notable examples of Kanishka and others, were discovered at Mathura. Mathura was a major city and one of the two capitals (the other being Purushapura, modern Peshawar) of the Kushana Empire (c. 30-375 CE). The sculptures found in Mathura represent a distinct school of art (Mathura School of Art) which flourished under the Kushanas and included portrait sculptures of their rulers.
The Mathura School of Art is known for its use of red sandstone and is distinct from the Gandhara School of Art which flourished concurrently in the northwest during the Kushana period. The portraits of Kushana rulers found at Mathura are important sources for understanding the appearance and regalia of these kings.

6. Which one of the following European explorer conquered Mexico ?

Which one of the following European explorer conquered Mexico ?

Vasco da Gama
Bartholomew Diaz
Magellan
Hernán Cortés
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The correct answer is D) Hernán Cortés.
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large parts of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Vasco da Gama reached India by sea, Bartholomew Diaz was the first European to round the southern tip of Africa, and Ferdinand Magellan led the first circumnavigation of the Earth.
Cortés arrived in Mexico in 1519 and, through a combination of military force, strategy, and alliances with local indigenous groups hostile to the Aztecs, defeated the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II and eventually conquered the capital Tenochtitlan in 1521.

7. Which Renaissance artist painted ‘The Last Supper’ ?

Which Renaissance artist painted ‘The Last Supper’ ?

Michelangelo
Donatello
Botticelli
Leonardo da Vinci
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The correct answer is D) Leonardo da Vinci.
‘The Last Supper’ (L’Ultima Cena) is a famous mural painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. It depicts the scene of the Last Supper of Jesus with his apostles, as described in the Gospel of John 13:21. The painting is located in the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy.
– Michelangelo Buonarroti is renowned for his sculptures like David and Pietà, and his frescoes on the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
– Donatello was a prominent sculptor of the Italian Renaissance, known for his bronze David.
– Sandro Botticelli was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance, famous for works like The Birth of Venus and Primavera.

8. Which of the following positions of Sun, Earth and Moon is/are suitabl

Which of the following positions of Sun, Earth and Moon is/are suitable for Spring Tide ?

  • 1. SYZYGY Conjunction
  • 2. SYZYGY Opposition
  • 3. Quadrature

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 only
1 and 2
1 and 3
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The correct answer is C) 1 and 2.
Spring tides are extreme tides (higher high tides and lower low tides) that occur when the gravitational forces of the Sun and Moon are aligned, reinforcing each other. This alignment happens when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line, a configuration known as Syzygy. Syzygy occurs in two positions:
1. **Conjunction:** The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth (during the New Moon phase).
2. **Opposition:** The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon (during the Full Moon phase).
Quadrature occurs when the Moon is at a 90-degree angle relative to the Sun-Earth line (during the First and Third Quarter Moon phases), resulting in weaker tides known as neap tides.
The gravitational pull of both the Sun and the Moon affects Earth’s tides. When they pull in the same direction (Syzygy – Conjunction or Opposition), their effects combine, leading to spring tides. When they pull at right angles (Quadrature), their effects partially cancel out, leading to neap tides.

9. If it is 12 noon in New Delhi, what will be the time in London, UK ?

If it is 12 noon in New Delhi, what will be the time in London, UK ?

6:30 A.M.
6:30 P.M.
5:30 A.M.
5:30 P.M.
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The correct answer is A) 6:30 A.M.
New Delhi, India observes Indian Standard Time (IST), which is UTC+5:30. London, UK primarily observes Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is UTC+0. During parts of the year, the UK observes British Summer Time (BST), which is UTC+1. Assuming the question refers to the standard time difference (UTC vs UTC+5:30), New Delhi is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of London. To find the time in London, subtract 5 hours and 30 minutes from the time in New Delhi. If it is 12:00 noon in New Delhi, subtracting 5 hours gives 07:00, and subtracting another 30 minutes gives 06:30.
The calculation is: 12:00 (New Delhi time) – 5 hours 30 minutes (time difference) = 06:30. Since 12 noon is in the middle of the day, 06:30 will be in the morning. Therefore, it is 6:30 A.M. in London.

10. Which one of the following is the lowermost/innermost intrusive igneou

Which one of the following is the lowermost/innermost intrusive igneous rock ?

Laccolith
Batholith
Lopolith
Phacolith
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The correct answer is B) Batholith.
Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth’s surface. Among the given options, a batholith is the largest and typically the deepest type of intrusive igneous rock body. Batholiths are massive, irregular plutonic bodies that form deep within the crust and are often considered the root of mountain ranges. Laccoliths, lopoliths, and phacoliths are generally smaller and form at shallower depths compared to batholiths, often causing deformation of overlying strata.
– Laccoliths are dome-shaped intrusions that push overlying layers upwards.
– Lopoliths are saucer-shaped intrusions.
– Phacoliths are lens-shaped intrusions conforming to the crests or troughs of folded rock layers.
– Batholiths are typically vast, extending over 100 square kilometers, and are uncovered by erosion of the overlying rock.
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