1. 20 g of common salt is dissolved in 180 g of water. What is the mass p

20 g of common salt is dissolved in 180 g of water. What is the mass percentage of the salt in the solution?

5%
9%
10%
15%
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
The correct value for the mass percentage of the salt in the solution is 10%. Mass percentage is a way to express the concentration of a solution.
The mass percentage of a solute in a solution is calculated as (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) * 100%.
In this case, the mass of the solute (common salt) is 20 g, and the mass of the solvent (water) is 180 g.
The mass of the solution is the sum of the mass of the solute and the mass of the solvent: Mass of solution = 20 g + 180 g = 200 g.
Mass percentage of salt = (20 g / 200 g) * 100%.
Mass percentage = (1/10) * 100% = 10%. This means that 10% of the total mass of the solution is due to the common salt. This concentration unit is often used in chemistry and everyday life, for example, in expressing the concentration of solutions like saline or sugar syrups.

2. Which one of the following elements corrodes rapidly?

Which one of the following elements corrodes rapidly?

Aluminium
Iron
Zinc
Silver
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
Iron corrodes rapidly, especially in the presence of oxygen and moisture, through a process known as rusting. While all the listed metals can corrode, iron’s corrosion product (rust) is porous and flakes off, exposing fresh metal to further corrosion, leading to rapid deterioration compared to the others.
Corrosion is an electrochemical process. Iron corrodes to form hydrated iron oxides, which are commonly called rust. Unlike aluminium and zinc, which form protective oxide layers (passivation), rust does not adhere strongly to the surface and is permeable to air and water, allowing corrosion to continue unchecked. Silver tarnishes by reacting with sulfur, forming a thin layer of silver sulfide, but this is a surface phenomenon and not as destructive as the rusting of iron.
Aluminium is highly reactive but forms a protective, adherent oxide layer. Zinc is more reactive than iron but also forms a protective layer (e.g., zinc carbonate or oxide) that inhibits further corrosion, and it is used in galvanization to protect iron sacrificially. Silver is a relatively noble metal and corrodes slowly, primarily through tarnishing. Therefore, iron corrodes most rapidly among the given options under typical atmospheric conditions.

3. Which one of the following elements forms highest number of compounds?

Which one of the following elements forms highest number of compounds?

Oxygen
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Carbon
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
Carbon forms the highest number of compounds among the given options. This is due to its unique chemical properties, forming the basis of organic chemistry.
Carbon atoms can form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, creating long chains, branched structures, and rings (catenation). Carbon also forms strong bonds with many other elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds. This versatility allows carbon to form an enormous variety of stable compounds.
Hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine form many compounds (oxides, acids, salts, hydrides, etc.), but the sheer number and diversity of organic compounds containing carbon far exceeds the number of compounds formed by these other elements. The field of organic chemistry is dedicated solely to the study of carbon compounds (with a few exceptions like carbon oxides, carbonates, and cyanides, which are often considered inorganic).

4. A homogeneous mixture contains two liquids. How are they separated?

A homogeneous mixture contains two liquids. How are they separated?

By filtration
By evaporation
By distillation
By condensation
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
The correct method for separating a homogeneous mixture containing two liquids is distillation. A homogeneous mixture of two liquids is typically a solution, where the liquids are miscible.
Distillation is a separation technique used to separate components of a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation. If the two liquids in the homogeneous mixture have different boiling points, one liquid will vaporize more readily than the other when heated. The vapor is then condensed back into a liquid and collected, achieving separation.
Filtration is used to separate insoluble solids from liquids. Evaporation separates a dissolved solid from a volatile solvent, or separates liquids if one is much more volatile and the other is the desired component (or discarded). Condensation is the phase change from gas to liquid and is a step within the distillation process, not a standalone separation method for a liquid mixture.

5. Which one of the following statements is correct about the magnificati

Which one of the following statements is correct about the magnification of an optical microscope?

Magnification increases with the increase in focal length of eyepiece
Magnification increases with the increase in focal length of objective
Magnification does not depend upon the focal length of eyepiece
Magnification decreases with the increase in focal length of eyepiece
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
The correct statement is that magnification decreases with the increase in focal length of eyepiece. The total magnification of an optical microscope is the product of the magnification of the objective lens and the magnification of the eyepiece.
The magnification of the eyepiece (Me) is given by Me = D/fe (when the final image is formed at infinity) or Me = 1 + D/fe (when the final image is formed at the near point, D ≈ 25 cm). In both cases, Me is inversely proportional to the focal length of the eyepiece (fe). A larger fe results in a smaller Me. Similarly, the magnification of the objective lens (Mo) is approximately inversely proportional to its focal length (f₀). Mo ≈ L/f₀, where L is the tube length.
The total magnification M = Mo * Me. Therefore, increasing the focal length of the eyepiece (fe) decreases the eyepiece magnification (Me), which in turn decreases the total magnification of the microscope. Similarly, increasing the focal length of the objective (f₀) decreases the objective magnification (Mo), also decreasing the total magnification.

6. In a solenoid, the current flowing through the wire is I and number of

In a solenoid, the current flowing through the wire is I and number of turns per unit length is n. This gives a magnetic field B inside the solenoid. If number of turn per unit length is increased to 2n, what will be the value of magnetic field in the solenoid?

B
2B
B/2
B/4
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
The correct answer is 2B. The magnetic field inside a long solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current flowing through the wire.
The formula for the magnetic field inside an ideal long solenoid is B = μ₀ * n * I, where μ₀ is the permeability of free space, n is the number of turns per unit length, and I is the current. If the number of turns per unit length is increased to 2n while the current I remains the same, the new magnetic field B’ will be B’ = μ₀ * (2n) * I = 2 * (μ₀ * n * I).
Since the original magnetic field was B = μ₀ * n * I, the new magnetic field is B’ = 2B. The magnetic field strength inside a solenoid can be increased by increasing the current, increasing the number of turns per unit length, or by inserting a core material with a higher permeability (like iron) into the solenoid.

7. A circular coil of single turn has a resistance of 20 Ω. Which one of

A circular coil of single turn has a resistance of 20 Ω. Which one of the following is the correct value for the resistance between the ends of any diameter of the coil?

5 Ω
10 Ω
20 Ω
40 Ω
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
The correct answer is 5 Ω. When a circular coil of uniform resistance is connected across a diameter, the coil is divided into two equal semicircles. These two semicircular wires act as two resistors connected in parallel between the points where the diameter touches the circle.
Let the total resistance of the circular coil be R. The resistance of each semicircle is R/2. When these two semicircles are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance (R_eq) is given by the formula for resistors in parallel: 1/R_eq = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂. Here, R₁ = R₂ = R/2.
So, 1/R_eq = 1/(R/2) + 1/(R/2) = 2/R + 2/R = 4/R.
Therefore, R_eq = R/4.
Given the total resistance of the coil is 20 Ω. Using the formula R_eq = R/4, the equivalent resistance between the ends of any diameter is 20 Ω / 4 = 5 Ω. This method is applicable for any uniform wire bent into a circle. The connection across a diameter always results in an equivalent resistance that is one-fourth of the total resistance of the circular wire.

8. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

List I (Disease)
A. Hypermetropia
B. Presbyopia
C. Myopia
D. Cataract

List II (Remedy)
1. Concave lens
2. Bifocal lens
3. Surgery
4. Convex lens

A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
A-3, B-2, C-1, D-2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
This question requires matching common eye diseases/conditions with their standard remedies. Hypermetropia (farsightedness) is corrected with convex lenses. Presbyopia (age-related difficulty with near vision) is often managed with bifocal or progressive lenses. Myopia (nearsightedness) is corrected with concave lenses. Cataracts, which involve clouding of the eye’s lens, are primarily treated by surgical removal of the clouded lens and replacement with an artificial one. Thus, the correct matches are A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3.
Different refractive errors require specific types of corrective lenses based on how they affect the focusing of light on the retina. Cataracts are a structural issue requiring surgical intervention.
Concave lenses diverge light rays before they enter the eye (used for myopia). Convex lenses converge light rays (used for hypermetropia and presbyopia/reading). Bifocal lenses have different focal lengths in the upper and lower parts, typically for distance and near vision, respectively.

9. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the provide

Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the provided displacement versus time curve for a particle executing simple harmonic motion?

Phase of the oscillating particle is same at t=1s and t=3s
Phase of the oscillating particle is same at t=2s and t=8s
Phase of the oscillating particle is same at t=3s and t=17s
Phase of the oscillating particle is same at t=4s and t=10s
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
For a particle executing simple harmonic motion (SHM), the phase of oscillation at time $t$ is given by $\phi(t) = \omega t + \phi_0$, where $\omega = 2\pi/T$ is the angular frequency and $T$ is the period. The phase is the same at two different times $t_1$ and $t_2$ if their phase difference is an integer multiple of $2\pi$, i.e., $\phi(t_2) – \phi(t_1) = 2n\pi$, which simplifies to $\omega(t_2 – t_1) = 2n\pi$, or $(t_2 – t_1) = nT$, where $n$ is an integer. This means the phase is the same at times separated by an integer multiple of the period T. In option B, the time difference is $8s – 2s = 6s$. If the period T of the motion is a divisor of 6s (e.g., T=6s, T=3s, T=2s, T=1s), then 6s is an integer multiple of T, and the phase would be the same at these times. Assuming the question is valid and option B is the intended correct answer, it implies that 6s is an integer multiple of the period T, while the time differences in options A (2s) and C (14s) are not integer multiples of T. (Note: Option D also has a time difference of 6s, which could imply it is also correct if the period divides 6s. Without the actual graph, definitively determining the period and confirming only B is correct is not possible. However, based on the provided answer choices and typical SHM properties, a period that makes 6s a multiple is implied).
The phase of simple harmonic motion repeats itself every period T. Therefore, points in time separated by an integer multiple of T have the same phase.
The displacement, velocity, and acceleration of a particle in SHM are all periodic functions with the same period T. The phase determines the instantaneous state of the oscillation (displacement, velocity, and direction of motion).

10. The amount of heat required to change a liquid to gaseous state withou

The amount of heat required to change a liquid to gaseous state without any change in temperature is known as

specific heat capacity
mechanical equivalent of heat
latent heat of vaporization
quenching
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
The heat energy required to change the state of a substance from liquid to gas at a constant temperature (its boiling point) is called the latent heat of vaporization. This energy is used to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the substance in the liquid state during the phase change, rather than increasing the kinetic energy of molecules, which would increase temperature.
Latent heat is the heat absorbed or released during a phase transition (like melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation) that occurs at a constant temperature. ‘Latent’ means hidden, as the heat transfer does not result in a temperature change during the process.
Specific heat capacity relates heat added to temperature change. Mechanical equivalent of heat relates work and heat. Quenching is a rapid cooling process.

Exit mobile version