UPSC Geoscientist

41. Which one of the following states in India produces largest marketable

Which one of the following states in India produces largest marketable surplus of wheat?

Maharashtra
Haryana
Uttar Pradesh
Punjab
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Punjab state consistently produces a large marketable surplus of wheat due to high per-hectare yields, extensive irrigation facilities, and efficient procurement systems, coupled with a relatively lower per capita consumption compared to its production.
Marketable surplus is the quantity of produce left with the farmer after meeting his own consumption requirements, seed requirements, and other expenses. States like Punjab and Haryana, being major contributors to the Green Revolution, have specialized in wheat production and have highly commercialized agriculture leading to large marketable surpluses.
While Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of wheat in terms of total volume, its large population results in a significant portion of the produce being consumed within the state, leading to a smaller marketable surplus percentage compared to Punjab or Haryana. Maharashtra is not a major wheat-producing state among the options.

42. The state of Telangana is drained by two major rivers. What are they?

The state of Telangana is drained by two major rivers. What are they?

Mahanadi and Godavari
Mahanadi and Krishna
Godavari and Krishna
Krishna and Kaveri
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The state of Telangana is primarily drained by two major peninsular rivers: the Godavari River and the Krishna River. Both rivers flow from west to east across the Deccan Plateau, traversing through Telangana.
These rivers and their tributaries form vital sources of water for irrigation, drinking water, and power generation in the state. Major projects like Kaleshwaram (Godavari) and Nagarjuna Sagar (Krishna) are located on these rivers.
The Godavari River is the largest river basin in Telangana, covering the northern and eastern parts, while the Krishna River basin covers the southern parts of the state. Tributaries like Bhima, Tungabhadra (of Krishna), and Manjira, Pranahita (of Godavari) also drain parts of the state.

43. Which among the following states in India is known as ‘Fruit Bowl’ of

Which among the following states in India is known as ‘Fruit Bowl’ of the country?

Kerala
Himachal Pradesh
Maharashtra
Karnataka
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Himachal Pradesh is widely recognized as the ‘Fruit Bowl’ of India due to its significant contribution to fruit production, especially apples, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, etc. The suitable climate and terrain support extensive horticulture.
Horticulture is a major contributor to the state’s economy, providing livelihoods to a large section of the population and contributing substantially to the state’s GDP.
While other states also produce fruits, Himachal Pradesh’s specialization and large-scale production of temperate fruits, particularly apples, have earned it this popular epithet.

44. The ministry of Rural Development consists of which of the following

The ministry of Rural Development consists of which of the following departments?

Department of Rural Development and Department of Land Resources
Department of Community Development, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation and Department of Social Assistance
Department of Rural Development, Department of Community Resources and Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
Department of Land Resources, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation and Department of Social Assistance
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As per the current structure of the Government of India, the Ministry of Rural Development comprises two departments: the Department of Rural Development and the Department of Land Resources.
The Department of Rural Development is responsible for implementing various schemes aimed at poverty reduction, employment generation, infrastructure development, and social security in rural areas. The Department of Land Resources focuses on issues related to land reforms, land use, and wasteland development.
The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation was part of this Ministry earlier but was subsequently separated and is now part of the Ministry of Jal Shakti. The Ministry of Rural Development is the nodal ministry for most rural development programs in the country.

45. The ‘head count ratio’ relates to which one of the following?

The ‘head count ratio’ relates to which one of the following?

The poverty line
Millennium development goals
Food insecurity
Population growth
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The ‘head count ratio’ is a widely used measure in the study of poverty. It represents the proportion of the population whose income or consumption level falls below the defined poverty line.
It is calculated as the number of individuals below the poverty line divided by the total population, expressed as a percentage. A higher head count ratio indicates greater poverty incidence.
While simple to understand, the head count ratio does not capture the severity of poverty (how far below the line people are) or inequality among the poor. Other measures like the poverty gap index or squared poverty gap index provide additional information.

46. Which one of the following about the Gandhian approach to development

Which one of the following about the Gandhian approach to development is NOT true?

Voluntary limitation of wants
Development of self-sufficient village community
Achieve balance between man and nature
Industrialization and participation of private players
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Mahatma Gandhi’s approach to development emphasized self-sufficiency, simple living (voluntary limitation of wants), harmonious co-existence with nature, and decentralized village industries (like Khadi) rather than large-scale industrialization and significant participation of private players in that model. Therefore, industrialization and participation of private players is NOT true of his approach.
Gandhi advocated for a village-centric economy based on principles of ‘Sarvodaya’ (welfare of all) and ‘Gram Swaraj’ (village self-rule). His philosophy opposed the negative social and economic consequences of industrial capitalism.
His vision was one of ‘production by the masses’ rather than ‘mass production’, favouring small-scale, labour-intensive technologies suitable for rural settings.

47. Who among the following envisioned the framework of sustainable develo

Who among the following envisioned the framework of sustainable development called PURA (Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas)?

Jawaharlal Nehru
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
K.R. Narayanan
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The concept of PURA (Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas) was envisioned by former President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. He proposed it as a strategy to bridge the rural-urban divide and promote sustainable development in rural areas.
PURA aimed at creating rural hubs by providing urban amenities like physical connectivity (roads), electronic connectivity (internet, communication), knowledge connectivity (educational and training institutions), and economic connectivity (markets, industries) to villages clustered around a growth centre.
The idea was based on the belief that connectivity would enable economic activity in rural areas, reducing migration to cities and ensuring balanced regional development. The Government of India has implemented schemes based on this concept.

48. Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India deals

Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India deals with Uniform Civil Code?

Article 44
Article 40
Article 39A
Article 41
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Article 44 of the Constitution of India, part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV), states that “The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.”
A Uniform Civil Code (UCC) would replace personal laws based on scriptures and customs of various religious communities (such as Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Parsi personal laws) with a common set of laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, maintenance, etc., for all citizens.
Article 40 deals with the organization of village panchayats, Article 39A deals with equal justice and free legal aid, and Article 41 deals with the right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases.

49. Which of the following Five Year Plans emphasized the need for establi

Which of the following Five Year Plans emphasized the need for establishing a “Socialist Pattern of Society” in India?

2<sup>nd</sup> Five Year Plan
3<sup>rd</sup> Five Year Plan
4<sup>th</sup> Five Year Plan
5<sup>th</sup> Five Year Plan
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The Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961) explicitly adopted the objective of establishing a “Socialist Pattern of Society” in India. This plan was largely based on the Mahalanobis model.
The socialist pattern of society implied that the state would play a dominant role in the economy, focusing on rapid industrialization, development of heavy industries, and expansion of the public sector to reduce inequalities and concentration of economic power.
This goal was formally accepted by the Indian National Congress in its Avadi Session in 1955. The First Five Year Plan (1951-1956) focused primarily on agriculture and irrigation.

50. Why was sub-lieutenant Shivangi in news recently?

Why was sub-lieutenant Shivangi in news recently?

First woman officer to receive Sena Medal
First woman officer to be deployed at Nathu La Pass as Signals in-charge
First woman pilot of Indian Navy
First woman officer from the Indian Air Force to summit the Mount Everest
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Sub-Lieutenant Shivangi was in news recently for becoming the first woman pilot of the Indian Navy. She joined operational duties in Kochi in December 2019.
Her achievement marked a significant step towards gender equality and increasing representation of women in combat roles within the Indian armed forces.
She was commissioned into the Indian Navy in June 2018 as part of the 27 Naval Orientation course (NOC) in the Short Service Commission (SSC) pilot entry scheme.
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