UPSC Geoscientist

21. Which one of the following statements is correct about a virus?

Which one of the following statements is correct about a virus?

It is a free-living organism.
It contains nucleic acid and protein.
It can synthesize proteins.
It can generate its own energy.
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The correct statement about a virus is that it contains nucleic acid and protein.
Viruses are acellular entities composed primarily of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also have an outer lipid envelope derived from the host cell membrane.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they cannot replicate or carry out metabolic processes independently. They rely on the host cell’s machinery for protein synthesis, energy generation, and replication. Unlike free-living organisms, viruses cannot survive or reproduce outside of a host cell.

22. As per the safe drinking water guidelines issued by the Bureau of Indi

As per the safe drinking water guidelines issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards, Government of India, what is the acceptable pH value of drinking water?

Between 7.5 and 9.5
Between 6.5 and 8.5
Between 5.5 and 7.5
Between 4.5 and 6.5
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According to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) IS 10500:2012, the acceptable limit for pH of drinking water is 6.5 to 8.5.
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic water is. A pH of 7 is neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate alkalinity. Maintaining pH within the acceptable range is important for water potability and preventing corrosion in pipes.
The BIS standard also specifies a permissible limit in the absence of an alternate source, which can extend slightly beyond the acceptable limit, but the primary acceptable range for drinking water quality is 6.5 to 8.5.

23. Which one of the following electromagnetic radiations in the sunlight

Which one of the following electromagnetic radiations in the sunlight is considered to be the main cause of skin cancer?

X-ray
Ultraviolet ray
Visible light
Infrared radiation
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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the primary cause of skin cancer. UV rays, specifically UVB and UVA, can damage the DNA in skin cells.
Exposure to UV radiation can lead to mutations in skin cells, which can result in the development of skin cancers, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
While other electromagnetic radiations have different effects (e.g., infrared causes heat), UV radiation is the most harmful component of sunlight in terms of skin damage and cancer risk. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun’s harmful UV radiation, but some reaches the Earth’s surface.

24. Which one of the following cities is situated to the East of Great Div

Which one of the following cities is situated to the East of Great Dividing Range?

Adelaide
Sydney
Forrest
Broken Hill
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Sydney is located on the southeastern coast of Australia, significantly to the east of the Great Dividing Range. Most of Australia’s major cities are located along the coast, east of the range.
The Great Dividing Range is Australia’s most substantial mountain range, running roughly parallel to the eastern coast of the continent. Cities located on the coastal side are to the east of the range, while many inland settlements are to the west.
Adelaide is located much further west on the southern coast. Forrest and Broken Hill are inland cities, situated to the west of the Great Dividing Range.

25. Namchik-Namphuk areas are known for the production of which one of the

Namchik-Namphuk areas are known for the production of which one of the following resources?

Petroleum
Coal
Iron ore
Limestone
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The Namchik-Namphuk coalfield is located in the Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh, India. It is primarily known for its coal reserves.
Namchik-Namphuk is one of the few known coal-bearing areas in the northeastern part of India, specifically in Arunachal Pradesh.
While Arunachal Pradesh has other mineral resources, the Namchik-Namphuk area is specifically recognized in the context of coal exploration and production.

26. Which of the following plants is located near Bababudan Hills?

Which of the following plants is located near Bababudan Hills?

Bhilai Steel Plant
Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant
Rourkela Steel Plant
Durgapur Steel Plant
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The Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant (VISL) is located in Bhadravati, Karnataka. Bhadravati is situated relatively close to the Bababudan Hills, which historically provided iron ore for the plant.
The Bababudan Hills in the Chikkamagaluru district of Karnataka are known for their rich iron ore deposits. Iron and steel plants are often located near sources of raw materials like iron ore and coal, or near markets or transportation hubs.
Bhilai Steel Plant is in Chhattisgarh, Rourkela Steel Plant is in Odisha, and Durgapur Steel Plant is in West Bengal. These plants are located in different regions of India, associated with different resource bases and development histories compared to VISL.

27. Which one of the following is a landlocked country?

Which one of the following is a landlocked country?

Mali
Libya
Angola
Gabon
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Mali is a landlocked country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Algeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Senegal, and Mauritania, none of which provide access to the sea.
A landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas (like the Caspian Sea).
Libya, Angola, and Gabon all have coastlines providing access to the sea (Mediterranean Sea for Libya, Atlantic Ocean for Angola and Gabon). There are 44 landlocked countries in the world.

28. Which one of the following is not inhabited by corals?

Which one of the following is not inhabited by corals?

Gulf of Kutch
Lakshadweep
Sundarbans
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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The Sundarbans, being a large mangrove area and delta region, are characterized by high sediment loads, variable salinity (brackish water influenced by freshwater rivers), and often turbid water conditions. These conditions are generally not suitable for the development and survival of extensive coral reefs.
Corals thrive in clear, warm, shallow marine waters with stable salinity and sufficient sunlight for the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) living within their tissues. High sedimentation and variable salinity negatively impact coral health.
Gulf of Kutch, Lakshadweep, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands are all known regions in India that host significant coral reefs due to favorable marine conditions.

29. Chabahar Port is located in which one of the following countries?

Chabahar Port is located in which one of the following countries?

Iraq
Uzbekistan
Iran
Qatar
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Chabahar Port is located in the southeastern part of Iran, on the Gulf of Oman, near the border with Pakistan.
India has been significantly involved in developing Chabahar Port as it provides India with a strategic gateway to access Afghanistan and Central Asian countries, bypassing Pakistan.
The port’s location is strategically important for trade and connectivity, reducing reliance on the traditional route through Pakistan for trade with landlocked Afghanistan and beyond.

30. Volga River drains into which one of the following seas?

Volga River drains into which one of the following seas?

Adriatic Sea
Black Sea
North Sea
Caspian Sea
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The Volga River, the longest river in Europe, flows through Central Russia and empties into the Caspian Sea.
The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland body of water, variously classed as the world’s largest lake or a full-fledged sea. It is an endorheic basin, meaning it has no outflow to the ocean.
The Volga’s vast drainage basin covers much of European Russia, and it is a crucial waterway for transportation and irrigation. Other major rivers draining into the Caspian Sea include the Ural, Terek, and Kura rivers.
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