UPSC CDS-2

31. Which of the following terms were added to the Preamble of the Constit

Which of the following terms were added to the Preamble of the Constitution of India by the Constitutional Amendment, 1976?

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  • 1. Socialist
  • 2. Secular
  • 3. Integrity
  • 4. Fraternity

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
2 and 4
1, 3 and 4
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The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, amended the Preamble of the Constitution of India.
– Three new words were added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment: ‘Socialist’, ‘Secular’, and ‘Integrity’.
– The Preamble originally declared India as a ‘Sovereign Democratic Republic’. After the amendment, it became ‘Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic’.
– The phrase ‘unity of the Nation’ was changed to ‘unity and integrity of the Nation’.
– ‘Fraternity’ was already present in the original Preamble.
– The 42nd Amendment Act is one of the most comprehensive amendments to the Constitution and is often referred to as the ‘Mini-Constitution’.
– The inclusion of ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ aimed to clarify the state’s ideology, while ‘Integrity’ reinforced the concept of national unity.

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32. Which one of the following is not a classified category of political p

Which one of the following is not a classified category of political parties as outlined by the Election Commission of India?

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National Parties
State Recognised Parties
Regional Parties
Registered Unrecognised Parties
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The Election Commission of India (ECI) officially classifies political parties into National Parties, State Parties (often referred to as State Recognised Parties), and Registered Unrecognised Parties.
– ‘Regional Parties’ is a common term used in political discourse to refer to parties that have influence primarily in a specific region or state, but it is not one of the three official classification categories used by the ECI for the purpose of allotting symbols, recognition, etc.
– State Parties are the ones officially recognised at the state level, which aligns with the popular understanding of ‘regional’ presence.
– The classification by ECI is based on criteria related to vote share and seats secured in general elections (Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assembly).
– Recognition as a National or State party provides certain privileges like exclusive election symbols, free broadcast time on state-owned media, etc.

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33. Which one of the following statements with regard to the appointment o

Which one of the following statements with regard to the appointment of the Members of the Parliamentary Committee is correct?

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The Members are only appointed.
The Members are only elected.
The Members are only nominated.
The Members are appointed or elected on a motion made and adopted or nominated by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
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The Members of Parliamentary Committees are appointed or elected on a motion made and adopted or nominated by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
According to the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, members of various parliamentary committees can be constituted in several ways. This includes election by the House on a motion (as is often the case for financial committees like the Public Accounts Committee) or nomination by the presiding officer (Speaker in Lok Sabha, Chairman in Rajya Sabha) (as is common for many standing and ad hoc committees).
The specific method of constitution varies depending on the type of committee as defined in the rules of each House. Some committees are purely nominated by the presiding officer, some are elected, and others might follow a combination or specific process involving both the House and the presiding officer. Option D provides the most accurate general description covering the different methods used.

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34. Which of the following statements with regard to the privileges of the

Which of the following statements with regard to the privileges of the Members of the Parliament are correct?
1. Privileges would not be fettered by the Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India.
2. Privileges must be read subject to the Articles 20-22 and Article 32 of the Constitution of India.
3. Immunity is available in relation to both civil and criminal prosecution.
4. Immunity is available in relation to freedom of speech even in his/her private or personal capacity.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1, 2 and 4
1 and 2 only
2 and 3
1 and 4 only
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Statements 1 and 2 are correct regarding the privileges of Members of Parliament.
Statement 1 is correct because the freedom of speech enjoyed by MPs in Parliament under Article 105 is absolute within the House proceedings and is not subject to the restrictions applicable to the general freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a). Statement 2 is correct because parliamentary privileges, while providing certain immunities, do not place MPs above the law, particularly criminal law. They are subject to fundamental rights like those in Articles 20-22 and the right to constitutional remedies under Article 32.
Statement 3 is incorrect; immunity from prosecution is primarily for civil cases during a session, not criminal cases. An MP can be arrested and prosecuted for a criminal offense. Statement 4 is incorrect; the privilege of freedom of speech applies only to speech made within Parliament or its committees, not in their private capacity. Their speech outside Parliament is subject to ordinary laws.

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35. Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind was written in which language?

Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind was written in which language?

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Arabic
Persian
Urdu
Turkish
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Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind was written in Arabic.
Al-Biruni was a Central Asian scholar who travelled to India with Mahmud of Ghazni in the early 11th century. His monumental work, Kitab-ul-Hind (literally “Book on India”), is a comprehensive study of Indian society, culture, religion, philosophy, science, and geography. Al-Biruni wrote this work, like most of his scholarly output, in Arabic.
Al-Biruni learned Sanskrit to study Indian texts and interact with local scholars. His work stands out for its objective and scholarly approach to understanding a foreign culture, making it an invaluable source for the history of medieval India. Arabic was the prominent language of scholarship across the Islamic world during that period.

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36. Ibn Batuta went to China as the envoy of which one of the following De

Ibn Batuta went to China as the envoy of which one of the following Delhi Sultans?

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Alauddin Khilji
Muhammad bin Tughluq
Iltutmish
Firoz Shah Tughluq
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Ibn Batuta went to China as the envoy of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq.
The famous Moroccan traveller Ibn Batuta visited India during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325-1351). He spent several years in the Sultanate, serving as a qazi (judge) in Delhi. In 1341, Muhammad bin Tughluq appointed him as his ambassador to the Mongol court in China.
Ibn Batuta’s journey to China as the Sultan’s envoy was fraught with difficulties, including shipwrecks and other dangers. Although he faced numerous setbacks on the way, he eventually reached China. His detailed travelogue, the Rihla, provides invaluable information about the political, social, and economic conditions of the Delhi Sultanate and other regions he visited, including parts of Southeast Asia and China.

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37. Consider the following statements : The Azamgarh Proclamation refers t

Consider the following statements : The Azamgarh Proclamation refers to
1. the declaration by the rebels of 1857
2. the statement by the leader of the underground movement in the Revolt of 1942
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Statement 2 is not correct; the Azamgarh Proclamation refers to the declaration by the rebels of 1857, not the Revolt of 1942.
The Azamgarh Proclamation was issued on August 25, 1857, by Prince Feroze Shah, a grandson of the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar, from Azamgarh. It was a significant document articulating the grievances against the British and outlining the vision of the rebels for the future of India.
The proclamation addressed various sections of society – zamindars, merchants, public servants, artisans, sepoys, and pundits/fakirs – appealing to them to join the revolt and promising specific benefits or redressal of grievances under a new rule that would restore the old order and ensure justice and prosperity. It did not pertain to the Quit India Movement of 1942.

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38. Which one of the following towns was not a centre of the Revolt of

Which one of the following towns was not a centre of the Revolt of 1857?

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Ayodhya
Agra
Delhi
Kanpur
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Agra was not a major centre of the Revolt of 1857 in the same way as Delhi, Kanpur, or Ayodhya (within the rebel-held region of Oudh).
Delhi, Kanpur, and the region around Ayodhya (part of Oudh, with Faizabad being a major rebel hub) were key centers where the revolt saw major uprisings, sustained resistance, and prominent rebel leadership. Agra, while affected by the revolt and having a British-held fort that was briefly threatened, remained largely under British control and was not a center of rebel organization or leadership.
Major centers of the Revolt included Delhi (Bahadur Shah Zafar, Bakht Khan), Kanpur (Nana Saheb, Tantia Tope), Lucknow (Begum Hazrat Mahal), Jhansi (Rani Lakshmibai), Gwalior (Tantia Tope, Rani Lakshmibai), Bareilly (Khan Bahadur Khan), Arrah (Kunwar Singh), and Faizabad (Maulvi Ahmadullah). Agra served more as a British stronghold and administrative center in the region.

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39. At which one of the following Sessions of the Indian National Congress

At which one of the following Sessions of the Indian National Congress was the resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy passed?

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Tripuri Session
Lahore Session
Lucknow Session
Karachi Session
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The resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy was passed at the Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress in 1931.
Presided over by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Karachi Session of 1931 was significant for adopting resolutions defining what Swaraj would mean for the masses. It ratified the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and, more importantly, passed comprehensive resolutions on Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programme, outlining the basic rights and economic structure independent India should aim for.
The Resolution on Fundamental Rights included rights like freedom of speech and expression, freedom of association, equality before the law, universal adult franchise, and protection of culture and language. The resolution on the National Economic Programme included provisions for nationalisation of key industries, land reform, minimum wage, and other measures for social and economic justice. Jawaharlal Nehru drafted these resolutions.

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40. Who among the following wrote The Philosophy of the Bomb?

Who among the following wrote The Philosophy of the Bomb?

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Sukhdev
Chandrashekhar Azad
Bhagwati Charan Vohra
Bhagat Singh
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Bhagwati Charan Vohra wrote “The Philosophy of the Bomb”.
“The Philosophy of the Bomb” was a significant manifesto of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). It was written by Bhagwati Charan Vohra in consultation with Bhagat Singh and others, and it was published in 1929 as a response to Mahatma Gandhi’s article “The Cult of the Bomb”.
The manifesto articulated the revolutionary perspective on violence as a necessary tool for achieving independence and social revolution, contrasting it with Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence. Bhagwati Charan Vohra was a prominent revolutionary and theorist within the HSRA.

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