UPSC CDS-2

21. Sea of Azov is connected to

Sea of Azov is connected to

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Black Sea
Baltic Sea
Mediterranean Sea
North Sea
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The Sea of Azov is connected to the Black Sea.
The connection between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea is via the Strait of Kerch.
The Sea of Azov is a shallow inland sea that is geographically located north of the Black Sea, to its south lie the Crimean Peninsula and the Taman Peninsula. It is bordered by Ukraine to the north and west, and Russia to the southeast. It is not directly connected to the Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, or North Sea.

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22. Which one of the following statements with regard to ozone is not

Which one of the following statements with regard to ozone is not correct?

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Ozone is found mostly at 15-55 km in the atmosphere.
Ozone is produced by gaseous chemical reactions.
16th November is celebrated as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer.
Ozone is a form of oxygen in which three oxygen atoms are bounded together.
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The statement “16th November is celebrated as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer” is not correct.
The International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is celebrated annually on September 16th. This date commemorates the signing of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987.
The other statements are generally correct: Ozone is found predominantly in the stratosphere (the ozone layer), roughly between 10 km and 50 km altitude, with the highest concentration typically between 15 and 35 km, making the range 15-55 km acceptable. Ozone (O₃) is indeed a molecule formed by three oxygen atoms bonded together, and it is produced through photochemical reactions involving oxygen molecules and atoms in the atmosphere, particularly by UV radiation.

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23. A market, in which there are a large number of firms, homogeneous prod

A market, in which there are a large number of firms, homogeneous product, infinite elasticity of demand for an individual firm and no control over price by firms, is termed as

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oligopoly
imperfect competition
monopolistic competition
perfect competition
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A market described by a large number of firms, homogeneous product, infinite elasticity of demand for an individual firm, and no control over price by firms is termed as perfect competition.
These characteristics are defining features of a perfectly competitive market structure. Firms in perfect competition are price takers because they are so small relative to the market and the product is identical, meaning they cannot influence the market price.
In contrast, oligopoly involves a few firms, monopolistic competition involves many firms but with differentiated products, and imperfect competition is a broader term encompassing market structures that deviate from perfect competition (like monopolistic competition and oligopoly).

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24. Normally, there will not be a shift in the demand curve when

Normally, there will not be a shift in the demand curve when

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price of a commodity falls
consumers want to buy more at any given price
average income rises
population grows
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Normally, there will not be a shift in the demand curve when the price of a commodity falls.
A change in the price of the commodity itself leads to a movement along the existing demand curve (either expansion or contraction of demand).
A shift in the demand curve (either to the left or right) is caused by changes in factors *other than* the price of the commodity. These factors include changes in consumer income, tastes and preferences, prices of related goods (substitutes and complements), population size, and consumer expectations.

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25. As per the use-based classification of the Index of Industrial Product

As per the use-based classification of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), the maximum weight has been assigned to

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primary goods
intermediate goods
consumer durables
consumer non-durables
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As per the use-based classification of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) with the base year 2011-12, the maximum weight has been assigned to Primary Goods.
The use-based classification of IIP includes Primary Goods, Capital Goods, Intermediate Goods, Consumer Durables, and Consumer Non-Durables. The weights assigned to these categories reflect their relative contribution to overall industrial production.
For the 2011-12 series, the weights are approximately: Primary Goods (34.05%), Capital Goods (8.22%), Intermediate Goods (17.22%), Consumer Durables (12.84%), and Consumer Non-Durables (26.68%). Comparing the options provided, Primary Goods has the highest weight among them.

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26. Arrange the following countries in descending order as per the Global

Arrange the following countries in descending order as per the Global Human Development Index, 2019 :
1. Germany
2. USA
3. South Africa
4. India
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1, 2, 3, 4
1, 3, 2, 4
3, 2, 1, 4
4, 3, 2, 1
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Arranging the countries by Global Human Development Index, 2019 in descending order (highest to lowest HDI) is: Germany, USA, South Africa, India.
Based on the UNDP’s Human Development Report 2020 (using 2019 data), the HDI ranks were: Germany (6th), USA (17th), South Africa (114th), and India (131st).
HDI measures a country’s average achievements in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Germany and the USA are in the ‘Very High Human Development’ category, South Africa is in the ‘High Human Development’ category, and India is in the ‘Medium Human Development’ category.

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27. Since 2014-15, India has consistently run trade surplus with which one

Since 2014-15, India has consistently run trade surplus with which one among the following countries?

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China
Saudi Arabia
USA
Germany
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Since 2014-15, India has consistently run a trade surplus with the USA.
India’s trade relationship with the USA is strong, characterized by significant exports of goods and services from India, often resulting in a trade surplus for India.
India typically runs trade deficits with countries like China (due to large imports of manufactured goods and raw materials) and Saudi Arabia (due to high imports of crude oil). Trade balance with Germany varies but often leans towards a deficit or a small surplus/deficit for India compared to the significant surplus with the USA.

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28. Which one among the following is not a coral reef island?

Which one among the following is not a coral reef island?

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Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Rainbow Reef, Fiji
Swaraj Island, India
Kyushu Island, Japan
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Kyushu Island, Japan, is not a coral reef island. It is one of the four main islands of Japan, primarily formed through volcanic and continental processes.
Coral reef islands are formed from the accumulation of coral skeletal remains and other organic materials over geological time. Examples include atolls and cays.
The Great Barrier Reef (Australia) is the world’s largest coral reef system, containing numerous coral cays and islands. Rainbow Reef (Fiji) is a famous barrier reef system with associated islands. Swaraj Island (Havelock Island) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is known for its beautiful beaches and surrounding coral reefs, but the island itself is not solely a coral formation; it is part of a volcanic arc. Kyushu, however, is a large, geologically diverse continental island.

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29. Which one of the following States is planned to host the Khelo India Y

Which one of the following States is planned to host the Khelo India Youth Games (4th Edition)?

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Kerala
Haryana
Gujarat
Manipur
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The 4th Edition of the Khelo India Youth Games was planned to be hosted by Haryana.
Initially scheduled for 2021, the 4th edition of the Games was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was eventually held from 4 to 13 June 2022 in Haryana.
The games were held across five cities in Haryana – Panchkula, Ambala, Shahabad, Pehwa (Kurukshetra), and Delhi. Haryana topped the medal tally in this edition.

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30. G. C. Murmu, who was appointed as the Comptroller and Auditor General

G. C. Murmu, who was appointed as the Comptroller and Auditor General of India in August 2020, was the Lieutenant Governor/Administrator of which one of the following Union Territories prior to this appointment?

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Ladakh
Jammu and Kashmir
Chandigarh
Puducherry
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Girish Chandra Murmu was appointed as the first Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir after the reorganization of the state into Union Territories in August 2019.
He served as the Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir from October 2019 until August 2020, when he was appointed as the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India.
After G.C. Murmu’s appointment as CAG, Manoj Sinha took over as the Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. Ladakh became a separate Union Territory with Radha Krishna Mathur as its first Lieutenant Governor.

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