UPSC CDS-2

21. Which of the following statements about the coasts of India is/are cor

Which of the following statements about the coasts of India is/are correct?
1. The West Coast of India is a high rocky, retreating coast.
2. The West Coast of India is dominated by erosional landforms.
3. The East Coast of India, however, is a low sedimentary coast exhibiting depositional forms.
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1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 only
1, 2 and 3
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The correct answer is D as all three statements correctly describe the general characteristics of the West and East Coasts of India.
– Statement 1: The West Coast of India is largely a rocky, indented coast formed partly by faulting and submergence. While not uniformly retreating everywhere, its rocky nature contrasts sharply with the depositional East Coast.
– Statement 2: Due to its rocky nature and the impact of the Arabian Sea waves, the West Coast exhibits significant erosional landforms like cliffs, coves, headlands, and sea caves, especially in the southern parts.
– Statement 3: The East Coast of India is a broad coastal plain, which is a low sedimentary coast. It is primarily built up by the depositional activities of major rivers like the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery, resulting in extensive deltas, lagoons, and wide beaches (depositional forms).
The West Coast is considered a coast of submergence, while the East Coast is largely a coast of emergence, shaped by deposition. The contrast in their geological structure, slope, and the rivers draining into them accounts for the differences in their landforms.

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22. In which one of the following States/UT, is the Lake Tsomgo located?

In which one of the following States/UT, is the Lake Tsomgo located?

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Ladakh
Himachal Pradesh
Sikkim
Uttarakhand
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The correct answer is C. Lake Tsomgo, also known as Tsongmo Lake or Changu Lake, is a glacial lake located in the East Sikkim district of the state of Sikkim, India.
– Lake Tsomgo is a high-altitude lake.
– It is situated about 35 kilometres from Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim.
– It is a popular tourist destination in Sikkim, known for its scenic beauty and importance in local folklore.
The lake is frozen during the winter months and is surrounded by snow-covered mountains. In the summer, the lake’s surface reflects the colours of the surrounding hills, which are covered in blooming flowers. It is considered sacred by the local people.

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23. Which of the following statements about inversion of temperature is/ar

Which of the following statements about inversion of temperature is/are correct?
1. Temperature increases with increasing altitude.
2. A long winter night with clear skies is an ideal situation.
3. It is a short term phenomenon and is common all over the globe except at the poles.
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1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 only
1, 2 and 3
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The correct answer is A because statements 1 and 2 are correct regarding the conditions and nature of temperature inversion, while statement 3 contains an incorrect generalization about its occurrence at the poles.
– Statement 1: Temperature inversion is a phenomenon where temperature increases with increasing altitude in a layer of the atmosphere, contrary to the normal decrease (lapse rate) in the troposphere. Thus, this statement correctly describes the core characteristic of inversion.
– Statement 2: Ideal conditions for surface temperature inversion include a long winter night (allowing for maximum radiative cooling of the surface), clear skies (enhancing outgoing radiation and preventing atmospheric mixing), and calm air (preventing mixing of cold air near the surface with warmer air above).
– Statement 3: Temperature inversion is indeed a short-term phenomenon and is common in many parts of the world. However, it is not necessarily absent at the poles; strong and prolonged temperature inversions can occur in polar regions, especially during the long polar night, due to intense radiative cooling of the ice and snow surface.
Temperature inversions trap pollutants near the surface and can lead to severe air pollution episodes. They can be classified based on their formation mechanism, such as radiation inversion (surface cooling), advection inversion (warm air flowing over cold surface), frontal inversion (warm air overriding cold air), and mechanical inversion (subsidence).

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24. Which one of the following sedimentary rocks has not been formed

Which one of the following sedimentary rocks has not been formed mechanically?

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Sandstone
Conglomerate
Loess
Geyserites
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Geyserites, also known as siliceous sinter, are deposits formed by the precipitation of silica from hot springs and geysers. This is a chemical process, not a mechanical one.
Sedimentary rocks are classified based on their formation process. Mechanically formed (clastic) sedimentary rocks are composed of fragments of pre-existing rocks and minerals transported and deposited by agents like water, wind, or ice.
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock formed from sand-sized grains. Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded pebbles and cobbles. Loess is a clastic sediment composed of wind-blown silt-sized particles. These are all formed through mechanical processes of weathering, erosion, transport, and deposition of clastic material.

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25. Which one of the following do not influence the ocean currents?

Which one of the following do not influence the ocean currents?

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Heating by solar energy
Wind
Gravitational pull by Sun and Moon
Coriolis force
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While all listed factors influence ocean water movement, Gravitational pull by Sun and Moon is primarily responsible for tides, which are periodic movements (tidal currents) rather than the continuous, large-scale circulation patterns typically referred to as “ocean currents” (driven by wind and density differences). In some contexts, tidal currents are discussed separately from major ocean gyres and thermohaline circulation. Assuming the question differentiates between these types of movements or focuses on the main drivers of persistent currents, gravitational pull’s primary role in tides might be considered distinct.
Heating by solar energy drives density differences (thermohaline circulation) and creates wind (surface currents). Wind directly drives surface currents. Coriolis force deflects moving water, shaping current paths. Gravitational pull causes tides, which are a different type of ocean water movement (tidal currents).
Major ocean currents are primarily driven by wind stress on the surface and density variations caused by differences in temperature and salinity (thermohaline circulation). Coriolis force acts to deflect these currents. Gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon generates tidal forces, resulting in the ebb and flow of tidal currents.

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26. Under Article 21A of the Constitution of India, the State shall provid

Under Article 21A of the Constitution of India, the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of eleven years.
Every religious denomination has got absolute power under Article 26 of the Constitution of India to manage its own affairs in matters of religion.
Only religious and linguistic minorities find mention in Article 30 of the Constitution of India in reference to the right to establish educational institutions of their choice.
Parliament cannot empower, even by law, any court other than the Supreme Court of India the power to issue writs within local limits of its jurisdiction.
Which one of the following statements is correct?

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Under Article 21A of the Constitution of India, the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of eleven years.
Every religious denomination has got absolute power under Article 26 of the Constitution of India to manage its own affairs in matters of religion.
Only religious and linguistic minorities find mention in Article 30 of the Constitution of India in reference to the right to establish educational institutions of their choice.
Parliament cannot empower, even by law, any court other than the Supreme Court of India the power to issue writs within local limits of its jurisdiction.
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Statement C is correct. Article 30(1) of the Constitution grants all minorities, whether based on religion or language, the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
Let’s examine why other statements are incorrect: A) Article 21A provides for free and compulsory education for all children between the ages of *six and fourteen years*, not up to eleven years. B) Article 26 grants religious denominations rights to manage their affairs in matters of religion, but these rights are subject to public order, morality, and health, so the power is not absolute. D) This statement is incorrect; the Constitution itself, under Article 226, empowers High Courts (courts other than the Supreme Court) to issue writs within their territorial jurisdiction. Furthermore, Parliament *can* empower other courts to exercise writ powers for certain purposes (though the scope is typically limited compared to Article 32 and 226).
Article 21A was added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002. Article 26 covers the rights of religious denominations. Article 30 deals with the rights of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

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27. Consider the following pairs of Schedule and Content of the Constituti

Consider the following pairs of Schedule and Content of the Constitution of India:
1. First Schedule : Forms of Oaths or Affirmations
2. Third Schedule : Allocation of seats in the Council of States
3. Fifth Schedule : Provisions related to the administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
4. Ninth Schedule : Provisions related to the administration of tribal areas in certain States
How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

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0
1
2
4
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Only one pair is correctly matched: The Fifth Schedule contains provisions relating to the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
Let’s examine the other pairs: 1. First Schedule lists the States and Union Territories and their territories (Forms of Oaths are in the Third Schedule). 2. Third Schedule contains the Forms of Oaths or Affirmations for various functionaries (Allocation of seats in the Council of States is in the Fourth Schedule). 4. Ninth Schedule contains acts and regulations that are protected from judicial review (Provisions related to the administration of tribal areas in certain States like Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram are in the Sixth Schedule).
The Schedules of the Constitution of India are lists that categorize and tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of the Government. There are currently twelve schedules.

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28. Consider the following: 1. M.A. Ayyangar 2. G.S. Dhillon 3. Balram Jak

Consider the following:
1. M.A. Ayyangar
2. G.S. Dhillon
3. Balram Jakhar
4. P.A. Sangma
How many of them were the Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

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1
2
3
4
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All four individuals listed served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
1. M.A. Ayyangar was the first Deputy Speaker and the second Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1956-1962). 2. G.S. Dhillon served as Speaker (1969-1975). 3. Balram Jakhar served as Speaker for two terms (1980-1989), the longest tenure for a Speaker. 4. P.A. Sangma served as Speaker (1996-1998).
The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha and is elected by its members.

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29. Which one of the following statements about the Public Accounts Commit

Which one of the following statements about the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of the Parliament is not correct?

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It examines the Finance Accounts of the Government of India.
Fifteen members of the Committee are elected by the Lok Sabha from amongst its members.
The Chairperson of the Committee is elected by its members.
In case a member of any other Committee constituted by the Government is elected to the PAC, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha decides whether he should continue to be a member of the former Committee.
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The Chairperson of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, not elected by its members. By convention since 1967, the Chairperson of the PAC is appointed from the opposition party.
The PAC consists of 22 members, 15 elected by the Lok Sabha and 7 elected by the Rajya Sabha from amongst their members, by means of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.
Statement A is correct; the PAC examines the annual audit reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) relating to the accounts of the Government of India, including appropriation accounts and finance accounts. Statement B is correct, reflecting the composition from Lok Sabha. Statement D is correct; the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has the authority to decide on conflicts regarding membership in committees constituted by the government.

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30. On the banks of which one of the following rivers was the ancient Mahi

On the banks of which one of the following rivers was the ancient Mahishmati located?

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Sarayu
Son
Narmada
Godavari
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The ancient city of Mahishmati is widely believed to be located on the banks of the Narmada River. Modern Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh is generally identified as the site of ancient Mahishmati.
Mahishmati was a significant city in ancient India, mentioned in various texts like the Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Puranas, often associated with the Haihaya dynasty.
The Sarayu River flows through Ayodhya. The Son River is a tributary of the Ganges, flowing through parts of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Bihar. The Godavari River flows across south-central India, originating in Maharashtra and flowing east to the Bay of Bengal.

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