UPSC CDS-2

21. If the distance between two objects is increased by two times, the gra

If the distance between two objects is increased by two times, the gravitational force between them will

[amp_mcq option1=”remain same” option2=”increase by two times” option3=”decrease by two times” option4=”decrease by four times” correct=”option4″]

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The gravitational force between the two objects will decrease by four times.
According to Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation, the force (F) between two objects with masses m₁ and m₂ separated by a distance (r) is given by F = G(m₁m₂)/r², where G is the gravitational constant. The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. If the distance is increased by two times (r’ = 2r), the new force (F’) will be F’ = G(m₁m₂)/(r’)² = G(m₁m₂)/(2r)² = G(m₁m₂)/(4r²) = (1/4) * G(m₁m₂)/r² = (1/4) * F. Thus, the force decreases to one-fourth of its original value.
The inverse square law is a common relationship in physics, appearing in gravitation, electrostatics, and light intensity. It implies that the effect of a source diminishes rapidly with increasing distance.

22. If the linear momentum of a moving object gets doubled due to applicat

If the linear momentum of a moving object gets doubled due to application of a force, then its kinetic energy will

[amp_mcq option1=”remain same” option2=”increase by four times” option3=”increase by two times” option4=”increase by eight times” correct=”option2″]

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The kinetic energy of the moving object will increase by four times.
The linear momentum (p) of an object is given by the product of its mass (m) and velocity (v), i.e., p = mv. The kinetic energy (KE) is given by KE = (1/2)mv². We can express KE in terms of momentum: KE = (1/2)m(p/m)² = p²/(2m). If the momentum is doubled (p’ = 2p), the new kinetic energy (KE’) will be KE’ = (p’)²/(2m) = (2p)²/(2m) = 4p²/(2m) = 4 * (p²/(2m)) = 4 * KE.
This relationship shows that kinetic energy is proportional to the square of momentum when mass is constant. Doubling the momentum results in quadrupling the kinetic energy.

23. The Pragyan rover installed in Chandrayaan-2 mission had how many

The Pragyan rover installed in Chandrayaan-2 mission had how many wheels?

[amp_mcq option1=”2″ option2=”3″ option3=”4″ option4=”6″ correct=”option4″]

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The Pragyan rover of the Chandrayaan-2 mission was designed with six wheels.
– The 6-wheeled design provided enhanced stability and mobility on the rough lunar terrain.
– Each wheel had independent motors for movement.
– The rover carried scientific instruments to study the lunar surface composition.
– The Chandrayaan-2 mission consisted of an Orbiter, a Lander (Vikram), and a Rover (Pragyan).
– While the Orbiter was successfully placed in lunar orbit, the Vikram lander hard-landed, resulting in the loss of the rover.
– The name ‘Pragyan’ means ‘wisdom’ in Sanskrit.

24. Which one of the following lakes in India has a large quantity of a su

Which one of the following lakes in India has a large quantity of a substance found in the Moon?

[amp_mcq option1=”Lonar Lake, Maharashtra” option2=”Pangong Lake, Ladakh” option3=”Chilika Lake, Odisha” option4=”Loktak Lake, Manipur” correct=”option1″]

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Lonar Lake in Maharashtra is a unique meteorite impact crater lake where scientific studies have found minerals and conditions similar to those found on the Moon.
– Lonar Lake was formed by a meteorite impact approximately 50,000 years ago.
– Due to its formation by impact, minerals like Maskelynite (a form of shocked feldspar created by high pressure and heat, found in impact sites) have been identified, which are also found on the Moon.
– The unique alkaline and saline nature of the lake water also contributes to its unusual ecosystem.
– Pangong Lake is known for its changing colours and is a high-altitude lake.
– Chilika Lake is India’s largest coastal lagoon, known for its biodiversity and migratory birds.
– Loktak Lake in Manipur is famous for its floating islands (phumdis) and Keibul Lamjao National Park.
– While other lakes are geologically or ecologically significant, Lonar’s origin and mineral composition link it to extraterrestrial impacts and materials found on bodies like the Moon.

25. The Government of India programme regarding ‘Stay in India and Study i

The Government of India programme regarding ‘Stay in India and Study in India’ is initiated by

[amp_mcq option1=”the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports” option2=”the Ministry of Culture” option3=”the Ministry of Education” option4=”the Ministry of Tourism” correct=”option3″]

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The ‘Stay in India and Study in India’ programme is an initiative primarily driven by the Ministry of Education (formerly known as the Ministry of Human Resource Development).
– The program aims to improve the quality of education in India, increase the global ranking of Indian educational institutions, and provide incentives to encourage both Indian and foreign students to study in India.
– It seeks to reverse the trend of Indian students migrating abroad for higher education and attract international students.
– The Ministry of Education is the nodal ministry responsible for education policy and implementation in India.
– Various initiatives come under this umbrella, such as studying abroad options offered by foreign universities setting up campuses in India (though this is a complex and ongoing discussion), and promoting existing quality institutions.
– Schemes like the ‘Study in India’ programme (which is similar in objective, focusing on attracting foreign students) are under the purview of the Ministry of Education.

26. ASEEM is

ASEEM is

[amp_mcq option1=”Aatmanirbhar Skilled Employee Measurement” option2=”Aatmanirbhar Skilled Employee Mapping” option3=”Aatmanirbhar Skilled Employee Enterprises Medium” option4=”Automatic Skilled Employee Mission” correct=”option2″]

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ASEEM stands for ‘Aatmanirbhar Skilled Employee Mapping’.
– It is a digital portal launched by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) in July 2020.
– The portal aims to connect skilled job seekers with employers by mapping their skills and matching them with relevant opportunities.
– It acts as a directory of skilled workforce and aims to bridge the demand-supply gap in the labour market.
– The initiative is part of the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’ (Self-Reliant India Movement).
– It is managed by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) in collaboration with a private partner.

27. Recently a rare kind of yellow turtle was discovered in India. The Sta

Recently a rare kind of yellow turtle was discovered in India. The State in which it was seen is

[amp_mcq option1=”Uttarakhand” option2=”Odisha” option3=”Tamil Nadu” option4=”Arunachal Pradesh” correct=”option2″]

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A rare yellow-coloured Indian Flapshell Turtle (Lissemys punctata) was discovered in the Balasore district of Odisha in July 2020.
– This unique colouration is believed to be due to a congenital mutation called albinism or partial albinism (chromatic leucism), where there is little or no pigmentation.
– The species found was the Indian Flapshell Turtle, common in South Asia.
– The discovery gained significant media attention due to the turtle’s unusual bright yellow colour.
– Such colour mutations are rare in the wild as they can affect an animal’s ability to camouflage and evade predators.

28. The Citizenship (Amendment) Act falls under which one of the following

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act falls under which one of the following Parts of the Constitution of India?

[amp_mcq option1=”Part I” option2=”Part II” option3=”Part IV” option4=”Part VI” correct=”option2″]

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The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, like other laws related to citizenship in India, falls under Part II of the Constitution of India.
– Part II of the Constitution of India (Articles 5 to 11) deals with the provisions relating to citizenship of India.
– Article 11 specifically grants Parliament the power to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship.
– Laws such as the Citizenship Act, 1955, and its subsequent amendments, including the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, are enacted by Parliament under the authority granted by Article 11.
– Part I deals with The Union and its Territory.
– Part III deals with Fundamental Rights.
– Part IV deals with Directive Principles of State Policy.
– Part V deals with The Union Government.
– Part VI deals with The State Governments.

29. In the Indian judicial system, writs are issued by

In the Indian judicial system, writs are issued by

[amp_mcq option1=”the Supreme Court only” option2=”the High Courts only” option3=”the Supreme Court and High Courts only” option4=”the Supreme Court, High Courts and Lower Courts” correct=”option3″]

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In the Indian judicial system, the power to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights and for other purposes is vested in the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
– Article 32 of the Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
– Article 226 of the Constitution empowers the High Courts to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights and also for ‘any other purpose’ (meaning for enforcing any other legal right).
– The five types of writs are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto.
– The writ jurisdiction of High Courts (under Article 226) is wider than that of the Supreme Court (under Article 32) because High Courts can issue writs for the enforcement of legal rights in addition to Fundamental Rights, whereas the Supreme Court’s writ jurisdiction is restricted to Fundamental Rights only.
– Lower courts (District Courts, etc.) do not have the power to issue these types of writs.

30. Who among the following was the advisor to the Constituent Assembly?

Who among the following was the advisor to the Constituent Assembly?

[amp_mcq option1=”B. N. Rau” option2=”B. R. Ambedkar” option3=”Pattabhi Sitaramayya” option4=”Alladi Krishnaswamy” correct=”option1″]

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Sir B. N. Rau was appointed as the Constitutional Advisor (Legal Advisor) to the Constituent Assembly.
– B. N. Rau prepared the original draft of the Constitution, which was later considered and modified by the Drafting Committee.
– B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, which was responsible for drafting the Constitution based on the reports of various committees.
– Pattabhi Sitaramayya was a member of the Assembly and later served as the first Governor of Madhya Pradesh.
– Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar was also a distinguished member of the Drafting Committee.
– B. N. Rau was an eminent jurist and served as a judge on the International Court of Justice. His expertise was crucial in the drafting process.
– The Constituent Assembly had various committees to deal with different aspects of constitution-making, including committees on fundamental rights, union powers, provincial constitutions, etc.
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