UPSC CDS-1 Archives

32. Consider the following statements concerning the National Education Po

Consider the following statements concerning the National Education Policy, 2020 :

At least 50 percent of the learners through school and higher education system to get exposure to vocational education by 2025.
Secondary schools should collaborate with ITIs, Polytechnics and local industries.
Vocational education to be provided exclusively by NGOs.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

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Statement 1 is correct. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to integrate vocational education into mainstream education. A key target mentioned in the policy is to ensure that “at least 50% of learners through the school and higher education system shall have exposure to vocational education by 2025”.
Statement 2 is correct. The NEP 2020 proposes that secondary schools should collaborate with ITIs, Polytechnics, local industries, and other suitable organizations to design and offer vocational education courses. This collaboration is crucial for providing relevant skills and exposure to students.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The NEP 2020 does not state that vocational education is to be provided *exclusively* by NGOs. It promotes integrating vocational education into schools and higher education institutions, and envisions collaboration with various stakeholders including industries, ITIs, Polytechnics, and potentially community organizations or NGOs, but not their exclusive role.

– NEP 2020 emphasizes integrating vocational education into all levels of education.
– Collaboration with industry and technical institutions is a key strategy.
– The policy does not restrict the provision of vocational education exclusively to NGOs.

Chapter 16 of the NEP 2020 specifically deals with vocational education. The policy aims to overcome the traditional stigma associated with vocational education and make it aspirational, enabling students to gain useful skills for various occupations.

33. There is an increase in forest cover area of India between 2011 and 20

There is an increase in forest cover area of India between 2011 and 2021. However, there is a decrease in forest cover area of India during the same period in

very dense forest (canopy density of more than 70 percent)

moderately dense forest (canopy density between 40-70 percent)

open forest (canopy density between 10-20 percent)

Both (b) and (c)

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According to the India State of Forest Reports (ISFRs), while the total forest cover of India increased between 2011 and 2021, there were variations within the different canopy density classes during this period. Comparing the ISFR 2011 data with ISFR 2021 data shows the following trends in area:
– Very Dense Forest (VDF): Increased (from 83,471 sq km in 2011 to 99,779 sq km in 2021).
– Moderately Dense Forest (MDF): Decreased (from 320,736 sq km in 2011 to 306,890 sq km in 2021).
– Open Forest (OF): Increased (from 278,318 sq km in 2011 to 307,120 sq km in 2021).
Therefore, there was a decrease in the forest cover area of India during this period specifically in the Moderately Dense Forest category.

– Total forest cover in India increased between 2011 and 2021.
– The decrease was observed specifically in the Moderately Dense Forest category.
– Very Dense Forest and Open Forest categories saw an increase in area during the same period.

The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) is published biennially by the Forest Survey of India (FSI). It is the primary source of information on forest cover, tree cover, mangroves, growing stock, forest carbon, and forest fire monitoring in India. The methodology for forest cover assessment involves satellite data interpretation and ground truthing.

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34. Which of the following statements is/are correct? Visakhapatnam Por

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Visakhapatnam Port is a land-locked harbour.
Deendayal Port is a tidal port.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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Answer is Wrong!

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Statement 1 is correct. Visakhapatnam Port is known as a land-locked harbour. It is situated in a natural harbour protected by the Dolphin’s Nose hill, providing a sheltered environment. It is connected to the sea through a dredged channel.
Statement 2 is also correct. Deendayal Port, formerly known as Kandla Port, is a major tidal port located in the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat. Its operations are significantly influenced by the high tidal range in the region.

– Visakhapatnam Port’s natural protection gives it the characteristic of being ‘land-locked’ or well-sheltered.
– Deendayal Port’s location in a region with high tides makes it a prominent example of a tidal port.

Ports in India are classified based on various factors including location (coastal, riverine), type of cargo handled, and physical characteristics (natural, artificial, tidal). Major ports are governed by the central government, while minor ports are under state governments.

35. Which one of the following Indian States has the longest coastline?

Which one of the following Indian States has the longest coastline?

Tamil Nadu

Gujarat

Maharashtra

Andhra Pradesh

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Among the given options, Gujarat has the longest coastline in India. Its coastline extends along the Arabian Sea and includes the Kathiawar Peninsula.

– Gujarat’s coastline is approximately 1,600 kilometers long.
– Andhra Pradesh has the second-longest coastline among Indian states.
– Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra have significantly shorter coastlines compared to Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.

India has a total coastline of about 7,516.6 kilometers, which includes the mainland and the island territories (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep). The mainland coastline is approximately 5,422.6 kilometers long.

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36. Meena wants to show diagrammatically how two sets of data, namely, pop

Meena wants to show diagrammatically how two sets of data, namely, population size and number of services are related to each other. Which one of the following will be the most suitable for the presentation?

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Pie chart

Scatter graph

Bar chart

Triangular graph

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A scatter graph (or scatter plot) is the most suitable type of diagram for showing the relationship between two sets of numerical data. It plots data points on a two-dimensional plane, with one variable on the x-axis and the other on the y-axis. This allows visualization of the pattern or correlation between the two variables, such as how population size relates to the number of services available.

– Scatter graphs are used to display the relationship between two quantitative variables.
– Other chart types like pie charts, bar charts, and triangular graphs are suitable for different purposes (proportions, comparison of categories, ternary data respectively), but not for showing the correlation between two variable sets directly in this manner.

In a scatter graph, the dependent variable is typically plotted on the y-axis and the independent variable on the x-axis. The pattern of the scattered points indicates the nature of the relationship (e.g., positive correlation, negative correlation, no correlation).

37. Consider the following characteristics of a cloud type : 1. They ar

Consider the following characteristics of a cloud type :

1. They are born through convection.
2. Only cloud type that can produce hail, thunder and lightning.
3. They are large cauliflower-shaped towers, often ‘anvil tops’.

Identify the type of cloud on the basis of the given characteristics.

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Stratocumulus

Cumulonimbus

Cirrocumulus

Nimbostratus

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The given characteristics describe a Cumulonimbus cloud:
1. They are born through convection: Cumulonimbus clouds form from strong vertical updrafts in unstable atmospheric conditions, characteristic of convection.
2. Only cloud type that can produce hail, thunder and lightning: Cumulonimbus clouds are thunderclouds (cumulonimbus means “accumulated rain-bearing”). They are the only type of cloud capable of producing lightning and thunder. They are also the primary source of hail.
3. They are large cauliflower-shaped towers, often ‘anvil tops’: The vigorous convection within a cumulonimbus cloud gives it a towering, cauliflower-like appearance. When the updraft reaches the tropopause (the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere), it spreads out horizontally because of the temperature inversion there, forming a characteristic anvil shape.

– Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with thunderstorms and severe weather.
– They are characterized by strong vertical development and often have an anvil shape.
– They are the source of lightning, thunder, and hail.

– Stratocumulus clouds are low-level, lumpy clouds that may produce drizzle or light rain.
– Cirrocumulus clouds are high-level, thin, patchy clouds composed of ice crystals.
– Nimbostratus clouds are dark, gray, layered clouds that produce continuous rain or snow, but typically lack thunder, lightning, or hail and do not exhibit significant vertical development or an anvil shape.

38. Which of the following statements about volcanoes are correct? 1. T

Which of the following statements about volcanoes are correct?

1. The strength of a volcano is measured by the Volcanic Explosive Index.
2. Iceland and Philippines were created by volcanic activity.
3. Volcanic soils are rich, deep and fertile and allow intensive agriculture to take place.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Answer is Right!

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2023

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Let’s evaluate each statement:
1. The strength of a volcano is measured by the Volcanic Explosive Index: The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the relative explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. It is based on factors like the volume of erupted material, height of the eruption column, and duration of the eruption. This statement is correct.
2. Iceland and Philippines were created by volcanic activity: Iceland is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent plate boundary where volcanic activity is frequent, leading to the formation and growth of the island. The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area characterized by intense seismic and volcanic activity due to plate tectonics, and its islands are largely volcanic in origin. This statement is correct.
3. Volcanic soils are rich, deep and fertile and allow intensive agriculture to take place: Soils derived from volcanic ash and lava (Andisols) are generally known for their high fertility due to the presence of minerals and nutrients. They are not always “deep,” as depth depends on the age of the soil and the accumulation of organic matter, but their fertility allows for very productive and intensive agriculture in many volcanic regions around the world (e.g., Indonesia, Japan, parts of Italy, Central America). The statement, while potentially slightly overgeneralizing depth, is fundamentally correct regarding the fertility and agricultural potential of volcanic soils. This statement is considered correct in this context.
Since all three statements are correct, the correct option is D.

– VEI measures volcanic eruption strength.
– Iceland and the Philippines are products of volcanic processes.
– Volcanic soils are typically fertile and support agriculture.

– Volcanic eruptions can also cause significant destruction through lava flows, ashfall, pyroclastic flows, and lahars.
– Despite the hazards, volcanic areas attract human settlement due to fertile soils, geothermal energy potential, and mineral deposits.

39. Consider the following statements about Kanaganahalli archaeological s

Consider the following statements about Kanaganahalli archaeological site :

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1. It is situated on the bank of Bhima river.
2. The remains of the Kanaganahalli Stupa can be dated between 1st and 3rd centuries CE.
3. Emperor Ashoka’s image was found at the site.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2023

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Let’s evaluate each statement:
1. It is situated on the bank of Bhima river: Kanaganahalli is located in Kalaburagi district, Karnataka, on the left bank of the Bhima river. This statement is correct.
2. The remains of the Kanaganahalli Stupa can be dated between 1st and 3rd centuries CE: The archaeological findings at Kanaganahalli indicate that the Great Stupa flourished during the Satavahana period, which spanned roughly from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. The remains indeed fall within this timeframe. This statement is correct.
3. Emperor Ashoka’s image was found at the site: A particularly significant discovery at Kanaganahalli is a relief sculpture of Emperor Ashoka with the inscription “Raya Ashoka” (King Ashoka) in Brahmi script on a stone slab. This is considered one of the few known contemporary depictions of Ashoka with his name. This statement is correct.
Since all three statements are correct, the correct option is D.

– Kanaganahalli is an important Buddhist site from the Satavahana period in Karnataka.
– The site yielded a unique sculpture of Emperor Ashoka with his name inscribed.
– It is located on the Bhima river.

– The Kanaganahalli Stupa was built upon an earlier brick structure.
– The site is also famous for numerous inscribed sculptures depicting Jataka tales and scenes from the life of Buddha.
– The discovery of Ashoka’s portrait reinforced the connection of this region to the Mauryan Empire and its patronage of Buddhism.

40. Which one of the following was primarily associated with ‘Dadni’

Which one of the following was primarily associated with ‘Dadni’ system?

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Textile production

Warfare

Payment to officials

Revenue collection

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The ‘Dadni’ system was a method of procurement predominantly used by European trading companies, including the English East India Company, in Bengal during the 17th and 18th centuries. Under this system, the Company or its agents (Gomasthas) would advance money (‘dadni’) to weavers and artisans for the production and supply of goods, mainly textiles, within a stipulated time frame. This system tied the producers to the Company and was often exploitative.

– ‘Dadni’ involved giving advances (loans) to producers.
– It was used to secure the supply of goods, especially textiles.
– Primarily associated with European trade in Bengal.

– This system was common in the textile industry because production was often decentralized, and the Company needed a reliable way to obtain large quantities of finished cloth.
– It eventually led to the exploitation of weavers, as the terms of the advances often became coercive.