UPSC CDS-1

11. Which one of the following statements is true for James Webb Space Tel

Which one of the following statements is true for James Webb Space Telescope launched in December 2021?

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It orbits the Sun, about 15 lakh km away from the Earth.
It orbits the Earth, about 15 lakh km away.
It is stationary in space nearly 10 lakh km away from the Earth.
It revolves around the Moon nearly 3.5 lakh km away from the Earth.
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The true statement for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is that it orbits the Sun, about 15 lakh km away from the Earth.
JWST is positioned at the second Lagrange point (L2) of the Earth-Sun system. This point is approximately 1.5 million kilometers (or 15 lakh km) away from Earth, in the direction opposite to the Sun. JWST orbits the Sun at L2, maintaining a relative position with respect to Earth and the Sun.
Being at L2 offers significant advantages, such as a stable gravitational environment requiring minimal fuel for station keeping, and allowing the telescope’s sunshield to block light and heat from the Sun, Earth, and Moon simultaneously, keeping the telescope’s mirrors and instruments extremely cold for optimal infrared observations. It does not orbit the Earth or the Moon, nor is it stationary in the absolute sense (it orbits the Sun).

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12. At which of the following places was diamond mining carried out during

At which of the following places was diamond mining carried out during the Delhi Sultanate period?

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Awadh
Khambhat
Panna
Lakhnauti
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Diamond mining was carried out at Panna during the Delhi Sultanate period.
Panna, located in present-day Madhya Pradesh, has been historically famous for its diamond mines. Diamond mining in this region dates back centuries and was certainly active during the period of the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire.
Awadh (modern Ayodhya/Uttar Pradesh region) and Lakhnauti (in Bengal) were significant administrative and cultural centres but not known for diamond mining. Khambhat (Cambay) was a major port city in Gujarat, crucial for trade, but also not known for diamond mining.

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13. Consider the following statements about the Mauryan State and the fore

Consider the following statements about the Mauryan State and the forest people :

  • 1. The forest people were subjected to new forms of political and economic dominance and the necessity to subordinate and assimilate them led to a change in the earlier attitude of excluding these people from imperial territory.
  • 2. The State recognised that the forest produce was the sole monopoly of the forest people.
  • 3. The State was concerned with the conservation of forests and to this end the burning of forests was prohibited.
  • 4. The forest people could be harnessed to serve the State and could be used as troops, spies and assassins.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

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1
2
3
4
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Three of the statements regarding the Mauryan State and the forest people are correct. Statements 1, 3, and 4 align with historical evidence and texts like Kautilya’s Arthashastra concerning the Mauryan administration’s interaction with forest areas and tribes. Statement 2 is incorrect.
– Statement 1 is correct: The Mauryans sought to integrate forest areas into their empire for resources and strategic reasons, leading to interactions and attempts to control/assimilate forest peoples, moving away from complete exclusion.
– Statement 3 is correct: Kautilya’s Arthashastra mentions state control over forests and regulations, including prohibition of unauthorized burning, indicating a concern for forest management and conservation, though primarily for economic and strategic benefit.
– Statement 4 is correct: The Mauryans utilized forest tribes (Atavikas) for military purposes, including as troops, guides, spies, and potentially assassins, as noted in the Arthashastra.
Statement 2 is incorrect because the Mauryan state asserted significant control over forest resources through officials like the Kupyadhyaksha (Superintendent of Forest Produce), indicating that forest produce was not considered the sole monopoly of the forest people but was a source of revenue and resources for the state.

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14. Which one among the following was not a part of the action programme o

Which one among the following was not a part of the action programme of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

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The Congress organisation was to reach down to the village and the Mohalla level
Boycott of government affiliated schools and colleges
Taking control of the law and order machinery of the State by the Congress Working Committee
Surrender of titles and honours given by the government
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Taking control of the law and order machinery of the State by the Congress Working Committee was not a part of the action programme of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was based on the principle of non-violent non-cooperation with the British government. Its programme included steps like:
– Boycott of government jobs, titles, honours, schools, colleges, courts, and foreign goods.
– Promotion of Swadeshi goods, Khadi, national schools, and arbitration courts.
– Strengthening the Congress organization at the grassroots level (village and mohalla).
Statement C suggests taking violent or administrative control of the state machinery, which is contrary to the fundamental principles of non-violent non-cooperation that aimed to paralyze the government by withdrawing support, not by seizing power through force.

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15. Consider the following statements regarding the Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan

Consider the following statements regarding the Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan :

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  • This programme is initiated by the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
  • It aims to develop an inclusive society for persons with disabilities.
  • It has provisions of pension for persons with disabilities.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 only
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Statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect. The Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan (Accessible India Campaign) is indeed initiated by the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, and its primary aim is to create an inclusive society for persons with disabilities by making public spaces, transport, and information accessible.
The Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan focuses on three main pillars:
1. Accessibility of the Built Environment.
2. Accessibility of the Transportation System.
3. Accessibility of the Information & Communication Ecosystem.
Statement 3 is incorrect because the Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan is an accessibility campaign, not a scheme for providing pensions. Pension schemes for persons with disabilities are separate initiatives, often implemented by state governments or other central government welfare programmes.

16. Man Kautuhal, a work on music, was prepared under the aegis of

Man Kautuhal, a work on music, was prepared under the aegis of

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Raja Man Singh of Gwalior
Tansen
Meera Bai
Amir Khusrau
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The correct answer is Raja Man Singh of Gwalior. ‘Man Kautuhal’ is a treatise on music compiled under the patronage and potentially direct involvement of Raja Man Singh Tomar of Gwalior in the 15th-16th century.
Raja Man Singh Tomar (reigned c. 1486–1516) was a significant ruler of Gwalior and a great patron of art and music. He is credited with fostering the Gwalior Qawwali style and commissioning important works on music.
While Tansen was a legendary musician associated with Gwalior, he lived later during the Mughal era under Akbar. Meera Bai was a poet-saint, and Amir Khusrau was a prolific poet, musician, and scholar of the Delhi Sultanate period. ‘Man Kautuhal’ is a key text in the history of Indian classical music, particularly the Dhrupad style.

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17. Consider the following statements about Sawai Jai Singh’s astronomical

Consider the following statements about Sawai Jai Singh’s astronomical work :

  • He learnt of the accuracy of European observations, and obtained de La Hire’s tables from which he reproduced a refraction table.
  • His astronomers also developed a telescope of their own to observe the lunar phases of Venus.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Statement 1 is correct: Sawai Jai Singh II of Jaipur was a keen astronomer who sought to improve upon existing astronomical tables (both Indian and Islamic) by making fresh, accurate observations. He was aware of European advancements in astronomy and did acquire and consult European astronomical tables, including those compiled by French astronomer Philippe de La Hire. Reproducing such tables, like refraction tables, was part of his effort to create accurate zījes (astronomical tables). Statement 2 is incorrect: While Sawai Jai Singh built sophisticated observatories (Jantar Mantars) with large masonry instruments, these were primarily designed for naked-eye observations to measure astronomical positions accurately. There is no significant evidence to suggest that his astronomers developed or regularly used telescopes for observations like the lunar phases of Venus. European astronomy was heavily reliant on telescopes for such observations, but Jai Singh’s approach focused on different methods and instruments.
Sawai Jai Singh II built five astronomical observatories (Jantar Mantars) in Jaipur, Delhi, Mathura, Ujjain, and Varanasi, equipped with large, precise instruments of his own design or inspired by older traditions, aimed at improving the accuracy of astronomical observations.
Sawai Jai Singh’s major astronomical work was the Zīj-i Muhammad Shahi, a set of astronomical tables. He consulted various astronomical traditions, including Ptolemaic, Islamic, and European ones, in his pursuit of creating more accurate tables.

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18. Consider the following statements about Madurai, the capital city of t

Consider the following statements about Madurai, the capital city of the Pandya kingdom :

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  • It has been described in Maduraikkanchi as a large grand city, enclosed by walls on three sides and the Vaigai river on the fourth side.
  • The Arthashastra mentions it as a centre of fine cotton textiles.
  • Other literary sources describe it as a major craft centre.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
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Statement 1 is correct: The Sangam period text Maduraikkanchi provides a detailed description of Madurai as a large, well-fortified, and prosperous city located on the banks of the Vaigai river. Statement 2 is correct: Kautilya’s Arthashastra mentions Madura (Madurai) as a significant centre for the production of fine cotton textiles, indicating its importance in ancient trade and craft. Statement 3 is correct: Other Sangam literary sources and subsequent texts also describe Madurai as a bustling hub of various crafts (like weaving, metalwork, carpentry, etc.), trade, and cultural activities, highlighting its status as a major craft and commercial centre.
Madurai was a prominent capital of the Pandya kingdom during the Sangam Age and continued to be an important cultural, economic, and political centre in subsequent periods of South Indian history, known for its literature, trade, and crafts.
Madurai was a major city mentioned in accounts by various ancient travelers and writers, including Greek and Roman sources, which attested to its commercial importance.

19. Consider the following statements about the Jorwe culture of the Decca

Consider the following statements about the Jorwe culture of the Deccan :

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  • It covers, practically, the whole of modern Maharashtra except the coastal Konkan district.
  • The Pravara-Godavari valleys seem to have been the nuclear zone.
  • The large sites of this culture yield evidence of shifting agriculture.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
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Statement 1 is correct: The Jorwe culture (Chalcolithic) was widespread across Maharashtra, covering most areas except perhaps the heavily forested or coastal regions like Konkan. Statement 2 is correct: The Pravara-Godavari valley, with major sites like Daimabad and Nevasa, is considered the nuclear zone of the Jorwe culture. Statement 3 is incorrect: Evidence from Jorwe sites, particularly larger ones, indicates settled village life and agriculture based on cultivation of various crops and animal husbandry, rather than shifting agriculture.
The Jorwe culture is the most prominent Chalcolithic culture in Maharashtra, characterized by distinct pottery (Jorwe ware), large settlements, and a mixed economy involving agriculture and animal rearing.
Significant Jorwe sites include Daimabad, Nevasa, Chandoli, Inamgaon, and Prakash. These sites provide extensive archaeological evidence about the life, economy, and social organization of the Jorwe people.

20. Match List-I with List-II relating to Sahitya Akademi Award Winners, 2

Match List-I with List-II relating to Sahitya Akademi Award Winners, 2022 and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

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List-I
(Title and Genre)		 List-II
(Author)
A. Bhool Satya (Short Stories) 1. Kamal Ranga
B. Tumadi Ke Shabd (Poetry) 2. Veena Gupta
C. Chhe Roopak (Drama) 3. Badri Narayan
D. Alekhun Amba (Play) 4. Manoj Kumar Goswami
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
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The correct matches for the Sahitya Akademi Award Winners, 2022 for the given titles and genres are:
A. Bhool Satya (Short Stories) – Manoj Kumar Goswami (Assamese)
B. Tumadi Ke Shabd (Poetry) – Badri Narayan (Hindi)
C. Chhe Roopak (Drama) – Veena Gupta (Dogri)
D. Alekhun Amba (Play) – Kamal Ranga (Rajasthani)
Matching these gives the combination A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.
The Sahitya Akademi Award is a prestigious literary honour in India, awarded annually by the Sahitya Akademi to writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 major Indian languages recognized by the Akademi.
These are the award winners in specific languages for the year 2022. Manoj Kumar Goswami won for Assamese, Badri Narayan for Hindi, Veena Gupta for Dogri (title listed as Chhe Roop Rang), and Kamal Ranga for Rajasthani. The genres listed in the question correspond to the genres for which these specific authors won in their respective languages.

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