UPSC CDS-1

21. The Andaman group of islands and the Nicobar group of islands are sepa

The Andaman group of islands and the Nicobar group of islands are separated by which one of the following latitudes?

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8° N latitude
10° N latitude
12° N latitude
13° N latitude
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The correct answer is B) 10° N latitude.
The 10-degree Channel is a water body that separates the Andaman Islands group from the Nicobar Islands group.
Specifically, the 10° N latitude passes between Little Andaman Island to the north and Car Nicobar Island to the south, marking the geographical division between the Andaman and Nicobar groups of islands. Other channels like the Duncan Passage separate Great Andaman from Little Andaman (around 10.5° N), and the Great Channel separates Great Nicobar from Sumatra, Indonesia (around 6° N).

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22. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

List-I
(Type of Lake)		 List-II
(Example)
A. Tectonic 1. Lonar Lake
B. Crater 2. Gangabal Lake
C. Glacial 3. Purbasthali Lake
D. Fluvial 4. Bhimtal Lake

Code :

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A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
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The correct answer is A) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3.
Matching the lake types with their examples: Tectonic lakes are formed by crustal movements, Glacial lakes by glacier action, Crater lakes in volcanic craters or impact sites, and Fluvial lakes by river processes.
– Bhimtal Lake (Uttarakhand) is considered a tectonic lake formed due to faulting.
– Lonar Lake (Maharashtra) is a prominent example of a crater lake formed by a meteorite impact.
– Gangabal Lake (Jammu & Kashmir) is a glacial lake located at the foot of Mount Haramukh.
– Purbasthali Lake (West Bengal) is an oxbow lake, a type of fluvial lake formed from a cut-off river meander.

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23. Find the correct arrangement of the following urban agglomerations in

Find the correct arrangement of the following urban agglomerations in descending order as per their population size according to Census 2011.

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Delhi-Mumbai-Kolkata-Chennai
Mumbai-Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai
Mumbai-Kolkata-Delhi-Chennai
Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai-Delhi
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The correct answer is B) Mumbai-Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai.
According to Census 2011 data, the Urban Agglomeration (UA) population sizes in descending order were: Mumbai, followed by Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai.
As per Census 2011, the population of the major urban agglomerations were approximately: Mumbai UA (18.4 million), Delhi UA (16.3 million), Kolkata UA (14.1 million), and Chennai UA (8.7 million). This makes the correct descending order by population size Mumbai > Delhi > Kolkata > Chennai.

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24. Which one of the following cities was not included in the list of smar

Which one of the following cities was not included in the list of smart cities in India?

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Silvassa
Jorhat
Itanagar
Kavaratti
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The correct answer is B) Jorhat.
Jorhat was not included in the list of 100 cities selected under the Government of India’s Smart Cities Mission.
The Smart Cities Mission aimed to develop 100 cities across India to make them citizen-friendly and sustainable. Cities were selected through a competitive process in four rounds. Silvassa (Dadra & Nagar Haveli), Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh), and Kavaratti (Lakshadweep) were among the cities selected in the final lists.

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25. The Shompens are the vulnerable tribal group of

The Shompens are the vulnerable tribal group of

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Jharkhand
Odisha
West Bengal
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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The correct answer is D) Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The Shompens are a vulnerable tribal group who are indigenous to the Great Nicobar Island, which is part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India.
The Shompens are one of the six Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) residing in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, others being Jarawas, Onge, Sentinelese, Great Andamanese, and Nicobarese (though Nicobarese is not always listed as PVTG). They inhabit the interior of Great Nicobar Island, maintaining a traditional lifestyle largely dependent on hunting and gathering.

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26. Atmospheric conditions are well-governed by humidity. Which one among

Atmospheric conditions are well-governed by humidity. Which one among the following may best define humidity?

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Form of suspended water droplets caused by condensation
Deposition of atmospheric moisture
Almost microscopically small drops of water condensed from and suspended in air
The moisture content of the atmosphere at a particular time and place
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The correct answer is D. Humidity is a term used to describe the amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere. It is a measure of the moisture content of the air at a specific time and location. Humidity can be expressed in various ways, such as absolute humidity (mass of water vapor per unit volume or mass of air) or relative humidity (ratio of actual water vapor content to the maximum possible water vapor content at a given temperature and pressure).
Humidity is defined as the moisture content of the atmosphere.
Options A and C describe phenomena like fog or clouds, which are results of condensation when the air becomes saturated with water vapor (i.e., reaches 100% relative humidity). Option B describes deposition processes like dew or frost. None of these directly define humidity itself, which is the presence of water vapor in the air.

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27. The Headquarters of the International Tropical Timber Organization is

The Headquarters of the International Tropical Timber Organization is located at

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New Delhi
Yokohama
Madrid
Jakarta
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The correct answer is B. The Headquarters of the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) is located in Yokohama, Japan. ITTO is an intergovernmental organization established under the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, promoting the conservation and sustainable management, use, and trade of tropical forest resources.
The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) has its headquarters in Yokohama, Japan.
ITTO works towards sustainable forest management and the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed forests. It facilitates discussion, consultation, and cooperation among tropical timber producing and consuming countries.

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28. Which one of the following may be the true characteristic of cyclones?

Which one of the following may be the true characteristic of cyclones?

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Temperate cyclones move from west to east with westerlies whereas tropical cyclones follow trade winds.
The front side of cyclone is known as the 'eye of cyclone'.
Cyclones possess a centre of high pressure surrounded by closed isobars.
Hurricanes are well-known tropical cyclones which develop over mid-latitudes.
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The correct answer is A. Temperate cyclones (also known as extra-tropical cyclones or mid-latitude cyclones) typically move from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerlies in the mid-latitudes. Tropical cyclones (like hurricanes and typhoons) form over warm tropical oceans and are generally steered by the trade winds, which move from east to west in the tropics.
Temperate cyclones follow westerlies (west to east), while tropical cyclones generally follow trade winds (east to west).
Tropical cyclones are characterized by a distinct “eye,” a central region of clear skies and calm winds, which is not the ‘front side’. Both temperate and tropical cyclones are low-pressure systems, with lowest pressure at the center. Hurricanes are tropical cyclones, not mid-latitude phenomena.

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29. Which one of the following river valleys of India is under the influen

Which one of the following river valleys of India is under the influence of intensive gully erosion?

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Kosi
Chambal
Damodar
Brahmaputra
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The correct answer is B. The Chambal river basin is renowned for its extensive badland topography, characterized by deep and wide gullies formed by severe soil erosion. This intensive gully erosion in the Chambal valley has created vast areas of ravines (‘beehad’ or ‘bihad’), making agriculture difficult and the area prone to dacoity in the past due to the challenging terrain.
The Chambal river valley in India is widely known for the development of extensive ravines caused by intensive gully erosion.
Gully erosion is a form of water erosion that occurs when runoff water accumulates and flows rapidly in narrow channels during or immediately after heavy rains, eroding the soil and forming gullies. Factors contributing to gully erosion in the Chambal basin include the nature of the soil, the slope of the land, sparse vegetation cover, and rainfall intensity.

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30. Which one of the following statements is correct?

Which one of the following statements is correct?

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Urea is produced in liver.
Urea is produced in blood.
Urea is produced from digestion of starch.
Urea is produced in lung and kidney.
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The correct answer is A. Urea is the principal nitrogenous waste product in humans and other mammals. It is synthesized in the liver through a metabolic pathway known as the urea cycle (or ornithine cycle). This process converts ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism, into less toxic urea. Urea is then released into the bloodstream and transported to the kidneys for excretion in urine.
Urea is primarily synthesized in the liver through the urea cycle.
Amino acids from dietary protein are broken down in the liver, producing ammonia. The urea cycle combines ammonia with carbon dioxide to form urea. The kidneys filter urea from the blood, concentrating it in urine for elimination from the body. The lungs are involved in gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide), and the digestion of starch yields glucose, not urea.

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